Table of Contents
- Collection Summary
- Biographical Note
- Scope and Content Note
- Subject Headings
- Related Material
- Administrative Information
- Access and Use
- Encoding Information
- Series List
- Container List
Collection Summary
Repository: | Archives and Special Collections, Vassar College Libraries |
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Creator: | Mitchell, Maria, 1818-1889 |
Title: | Maria Mitchell Papers |
Inclusive Dates: | 1843-2016 |
Bulk Dates: | 1853-1889 |
Quantity: | 12 cubic feet (55 boxes, 9 microfilm reels, 1 OV folder) |
Abstract: | Correspondence, manuscripts, research material, photographs, and glass plate negatives relating to Mitchell's work as an astronomer and member of the faculty of Vassar College. |
Biographical Note
Maria Mitchell, astronomer, was born on the island of Nantucket in 1818. Through her father, William Mitchell, she became interested in astronomy and assisted him in his observatory. In the late 1830s she was appointed librarian at the Nantucket Athenaeum, using its collection to educate herself while she worked with her father in the evenings. In 1847 she discovered a new comet, named for her, and was subsequently awarded a gold medal by the King of Denmark. A year later she became the first woman elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in Boston; in 1850 she was elected to the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
At the urging of Matthew Vassar, who was eager to add a woman of considerable stature to his first faculty, Maria Mitchell came to Vassar in 1865, where an observatory with a 12-inch telescope was built for her. The materials in the Vassar collection reflect her twenty-three years at Vassar, where she became one of the college's best and most well-known teachers. During this time, she continued her own research and publication. A founder of the Association for the Advancement of Women, she urged that women's ability in the sciences be recognized and that the scientific method be applied to the solution of social problems. In recognition of her breadth of outlook, Maria Mitchell was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1869, and in 1873 was made a vice-president of the American Social Science Association. Retiring from Vassar in 1888, she went to Lynn, Massachusetts, to work in the small observatory she had built there. She died the next year of "brain disease" and was buried in Nantucket.
TopScope and Content Note
These papers reflect Mitchell's professional life and include thirty-one notebooks of astronomical observations; observatory photographs; glass plate negatives; manuscripts, notes, and drawings; letters regarding the Nautical Almanac computations, 1853; notes for preparing Vassar College Astronomy Department reports, 1871-1886; and correspondence, 1861-1889, including her letters to Benson J. Lossing, Ann Eliza Morse, John H. Raymond, Mrs. John H. Raymond, Cyrus Swan, and James Monroe Taylor, and letters from James Edward Oliver, Arthur Searle, Rufus Babcock, Charles Farrar, Nathan Bishop, and Vassar College Presidents John H. Raymond and James M. Taylor. Other items include research correspondence about Mitchell, 1907-1974; excerpts from Vassar College Trustee minutes and copies of correspondence regarding the Astronomy Department, the Observatory, and Mitchell's salary, 1862-1872; publications by Mary W. Whitney, Mary King Babbitt, and others about Mitchell; and letters from Helen Wright concerning her biography of Mitchell, circa 1949.
TopAccess and Use
Access
This collection is open for research according to the regulations of the Vassar College Archives and Special Collections Library without any additional restrictions.
Restrictions on Use
Permission to quote (publish) from unpublished or previously published material must be obtained as described in the regulations of the Vassar College Archives and Special Collections Library.
Related Material
- Nantucket Maria Mitchell Association Reports and Miscellaneous Pamphlets [520.92 M695 and 520.92 M6952], Rare Book Collection, Archives and Special Collections, Vassar College Libraries.
Subject Headings
Names:
- Babbitt, Mary King, 1861-1912
- Babcock, Rufus, 1798-1875
- Bishop, Nathan, 1808-1880
- Farrar, Charles S. (Charles Samuel), 1826-1903
- Morse, Ann Eliza
- Oliver, James Edward, 1829-1895
- Raymond, Cornelia M., 1861-1952
- Raymond, John H. (John Howard), 1814-1878
- Searle, Arthur
- Swan, Cyrus
- Taylor, James Monroe, 1848-1916
- Whitney, Mary Watson, 1847-1921
- Wright, Helen, 1914-1997
Organizations:
- American Academy of Arts and Sciences
- Association for the Advancement of Women
- Vassar College--Faculty
- Vassar College. Board of Trustees
- Vassar College. Department of Astronomy
- Vassar College. Observatory
Subjects:
- Astronomers
- Astronomy--Observations
- Astronomy--Study and teaching
- Nautical almanacs
- Women college teachers
- Women's colleges--New York (State)--Poughkeepsie
- Women--Education
Document Types:
- Correspondence
- Drawings (visual works)
- Notebooks
- Photographs
- Wet collodion negatives
VCL Categories:
- Math, Science and Medicine
- Vassar College
Encoding Information
Encoded by Elizabeth Clarke and Laura Streett, November 2006. Updated by Mark Seidl, November 2019. Last updated by Emma Gronbeck, September 2024.
TopAdministrative Information
Preferred Citation
Maria Mitchell Papers, Archives and Special Collections, Vassar College Libraries.
Processing Information
Original processing date unknown.
Updated August 1998 and April 2009.
Acquisition Information
Gift of various donors.
Series List
Series I. Correspondence, 1849-1946 [Boxes 1-5] | |
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Series II. Vassar College Astronomy Department, 1871-1886 [Box 6] |
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Series III. Maria Mitchell's Dome Parties, 1870 [Box 6] |
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Series IV. Mitchell Notes, Lecture Notes, and Notebooks, 1843-1893 [Boxes 6-13] |
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Series V. Biographical Information, 1874-2007 [Box 14] |
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Series VI. Biographies of Maria Mitchell, 1932, 1984 [Box 14] |
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Series VII. Publications, 1796-1995 [Boxes 15-16] |
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Series VIII. Oversized Material, undated [Box 17] |
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Series IX. Microfilm of Maria Mitchell Association Collection, 1831-1888 [Reels 1-9] | |
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The copy of this microfilm was obtained by the Vassar College Libraries from the American Philosophical Society with the permission of the Nantucket Maria Mitchell Association. | |
Note regarding Reel 7, Item 64: There is no item 64. |
Series X. Glass Plate Negatives, 1871-1890 [Boxes 18-19, Negative Boxes 1-36] | |
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Glass plate negatives for images of Mitchell's observations of sun spots and other astronomical phenomena. Includes 808 plates in 36 boxes. | |
Observers responsible for taking the negatives include both students and faculty at Vassar, all identified by surname. Faculty noted as observers include: Maria Mitchell, Priscilla Braislin, and Mary W. Whitney. | |
Student observers most likely include: Helen M. Arnold (VC 1874), [Martha] Boyd (VC 1883), [Nannie] Braden (VC 1879), [Marian H.] Bradley (VC 1887), [Annie C.] Buck (VC 1886), [Harriet L.] Cady (Ex VC 1881), [Nellie H.] Canfield (VC 1887), Mary E. Case (VC 1882), Lucy Davis (VC 1885), [Elizabeth] Deming (VC 1885), [Alla W.] Foster (VC 1872), Caroline E. Furness (VC 1891), Ella Gardner (VC 1877), M. Louise Greene (VC 1891), Josephine Harrison (VC 1881), Bertha Hazard (VC 1879), E. Carol Hodge (VC 1881), Adaline L. Jenckes (VC 1887), Rose M. Kavana (VC 1891), Emily Lewi (VC 1888), Caroline G. Lingle (VC 1886), Katherine M. Lupton (VC 1873), Hannah F. Mace (VC 1890), Frances M. Macy (VC Art 1978-1979), Cornelia W. Marsh (VC Spec 1871-1873), Antonia C. Maury (VC 1887), [Margaretta] Palmer (VC 1887), M. Eva Perry (VC 1873), Louisa B. Poppenheim (VC 1889), Cornelia M. Raymond (VC 1883), Mary Augusta Scott (VC 1876), [Frances] Southworth (VC 1886), Annie T. Spalding (VC Ex 1884), [Helen] Stanton (VC 1886), Lucretia A. Stow (VC 1874), Mary Sudduth (VC 1883), Helen Tunnicliff (VC 1889), Esther Witkowsky (VC 1886), and [Laura Johnson] Wylie (VC 1877). | |
Arranged chronologically. |
Container List
Return to the Table of Contents
Details
Correspondence, manuscripts,
research material, photographs, and glass plate negatives relating to Mitchell's work as an astronomer and
member of the faculty of Vassar College.