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Creator: Fairbanks, Dorothy May
Date: 1940
Text: Timothy Pickering must hare been satisfied with the services of Jasper Parrish as an interpreter, for he recommended him to the Secretary of War for the appoint tent as interpreter to the Filre Iations* The reference to Mr« Parrish, a friend in. Philadelphia, is probably to Mr« John Parrish, a prominent Quaker in that city who was active in Quaker-Indian affairs,1 la is the writer of a letter later in this series*.(see CV)« 1* Some Account of the Religious Society of Friends towards the...
Show moreTimothy Pickering must hare been satisfied with the services of Jasper Parrish as an interpreter, for he recommended him to the Secretary of War for the appoint tent as interpreter to the Filre Iations* The reference to Mr« Parrish, a friend in. Philadelphia, is probably to Mr« John Parrish, a prominent Quaker in that city who was active in Quaker-Indian affairs,1 la is the writer of a letter later in this series*.(see CV)« 1* Some Account of the Religious Society of Friends towards the Indian TFIBelTT^ .....by1 the SbfflTglgg^ Sufferings, London* 1844* pp* 102-15* ■ 61.Pickering notifies Parrish of his appointment as interpreter, 1792# Philadelphia April 29, 1792, Sir, 1 received your letter of the 28th of March, & was pleased with your improvement in writing* 1 have recommended you to the Secretary of :far, and he will give you an appointment as a standing interpreter to th© Five Bations* As soon as you receive this letter, co^ae to Philadelphia, and go to the war office for your appointment M instruction®* If 1 am not hare, call on your friend Mr* Parrish to introduce yon• Jm friend (Signed) T* Pickering Mr* Jasper Parrish In October 1792,the newly appointed irxi- -pr t the Irory^'is reported his recent activities to Timothy Pickerings The following letter has many obvious grammatical faults^but it muat be remembered that Jaaper Parrish almost forgot English is the time h*r li¥ed among the Imd ianaj and had less than a rear of for nal education afterwards« fhe council at Buffalo Greek to which Farrieh referred took place in Jnmejl792. General Chap in mentioned' in a letter to Knox that he was not permitted to leave until its conelu$iontand continued! *Th@ chiefs that went to Congress are our sealous friends! they particularly explained to the nations^ who convened (at Buffalo Cr&ekj for the purpose* the speeches they had made md received while absent! the reception and treatment they reoeived at Philadelphia! « « . .they met-with universal approbation*11 ^ Fifty chiefs had gose'to Philadelphia in larch 1?920 as suggested by Pickering at the Painted Postjto consider civilisation efforts* Secretary Knox employed the Reverend Samuel Eirkland* a Quaker, to 2 invite the chiefs and accompany them to Philadelphia® The meeting was planned also to cement the friendship of the Indians at a time when the United States was having many difficulties with the Western Indians* Major General St. Clair had recently been defeated,and this made the Indians very bold and confident* In addition* the government hoped to influence some of th© chiefs to go to the hostile tribes and exert their efforts for peace•3 An annual expenditure of #1500 for supplie s to the Six H at ions was approved by the Senate and announced to chiefs* Washington said on March 26, 1792, in recommending the measure to the Senate! .^erioaii State Papers, Indian Affairop, cit.# 1# 241-42# Chap in to KnoT, July 17, 1792. — 2. Ibid.f I§ 226* Knox to Kirkland* December 20* 1791. 228-29^ Knox to lew-Arrow, Cornplenter* Big-Log* and other oeneca chiefs, February 10f 1798* Expiration of Knox in letter transmitted to Washington. - "®Ab the representation now here is respectable for its characters and influence, it is of so 10 importance that chiefs should be well satisfied of the entire good faith and liberality of the United States®51 4 The objects of the meeting with the' fifty chiefs were accomplished, Knox reported* As was hoped, a group of Indians set out for the council of the hostile Indians at the Miami liver,on Lake Erie, about the middle of September, accompanied by Bed Jacket and OornplaaterThey were authorised by Pickering to assure the Indians of the ^sincere disposition of the United States to make peace with them, to explain fey a map the Indian land, and to suggest that the Western Indians gather for & treaty to make paaee**6 It is to these Indians that j Parrish was obliged to give many presents at Buffalo Creek® 4* Ibid*, I, 225, Washington to the Senate, March 28, 1792* 5* Tbid., I, 229, explanation of Knox* TbI37, 1, 232-32, Pickering to Chiefs of Five lotions, April 30, 1792 7» fRe" chiefs attended the council but obtained no favorable response# led Jacket spoke for peace, but the hostile Indians demanded the Ohio liver boundary* Stone, Red Jacket, op» clt», pp» 197**200. 11 Parrish Report to Picker ing About a Meeting of Indians at Buffalo Creek* franadarguary8 Oct. 22 1792 Bear Sir These with my humbl© respects to you and yours* I will make fTBe to inform you of lay conduct since I came into this contra I ismedlately after leaving you 1 came to this place and from this to 9 Buff aloe Creek in company with Gen® Chap in and C apt* Hendrick according to your directions and instructions© and while we ware at luffaloe Creek the Indians that went to Philadelphia calls a Counsil at that place of those Indians that sot on their seets to inform them of their pre seed ings while in Philadelphia the Indians sent for Mr* Jones to attend the Counsil fire he accordingly attended the Indians would not let Gen* Chap in nor me return untill the Counsil fire wane could we explain all the writings that they brought home to those that sot on their seets thay was very much pleased with thair preseedings and after the Counsil the Indians all apesred to be wall satisfied frindly and united w© weare obliged to give the Indians many presents on the account of their going to the westward with a message from Congress we expect them back in three weeks* I add no more but am Dear Sir your frind and humble servant (Signed) Jasper Parrish Col® Pickering* H*B* the Indians are continually around us beging for one thing and another but at the same time thay all apear to be friendly to the inhabitant® 4-5*.The first letter of this place name is difficult to read; the name looks as if it were a variation of Canaudaigua as th#r^ were mmj ways of spelling it« famandaIgua was the plsee of residence of both Shmfin md Parrish* Captain Sentriok Au^u&ut* a Stoekbridge chiefs usually called Captain Hemdriekis), is the Indian referred to by Parrish* At the Painted Post treaty It ras arranged that he should go westward with a peace message to the Indians in the Miami country* Se md his brother were convinced of the moderation and justice of the intentions of the United States toward the hostile Indians®1 amd started on Jrne 18P 1792, fro^. Buffalo Creek to attend the Western Indians1 council* Captain Bmdrick was instructed by Imox to go to temeral Chap in in the Genesee Country and *le ill accompany you to Buffalo Greek « © • and mnke arrangements for your Immediate departure®Hendriok was instructed to announce the desire of the United States for peaeetand to accompany a group of the hostile Indians to Fort Jefferson to meet General Putnam who was sent by the United States to conclude peace© Parrish later reported that lendrick had prored unfaithful and not gone to the council but delivered the message* belt* and . map to the British Indian Agent® ■teeriean State Papers, op» oit»# X, 253^ S4l# S22* Knox to Chap in May 8* 1792* Instructions tilSSdrTokg lay 8, 1792 Chap in to Knox, July 17* 1792* Inox to Washington December 6* 179Zj Stone» Red jacket, op* p* 162 » a.In 1793,the limited States appointed three commissionerss Benjamin Lincoln of Massachusetts* Beverl#y Raftdolph of Virginia, and Timothy Piokarimg of Pennsylvania, to make p@»ce with th© hostile Indians and induce them to confirm the boundaries outlined in the treaty at Fort H&raar a1 Jasper Parrish was among the interpreter a who were instructed to aecompa&y the commissions Permission was granted by Washington to the Society of Friends to Bend 51 some of their respectable members* in order to contribute their Influence to induce the hostile Indiana to. a peace** Meny of the chiefs of the Piv# Sat ions also west to make a pita for peace® Parrish was wry valuable in the work of the commission. as a person trusted- to carry and deliver messages® In late May^the commissioners seat him from Niagara^ where they were stationed,to Philadelphia and agate to July Parrish was despatched with messages to Knox and Washington* to interesting aeeowt of hie expenses shows that it cost f 12*45 to reach Philadelphia from Niagara ,by horse^cm the May trip and almost the same* #12*80, on the July trip*4" t«e»T*j> the eom&issioners sailed in the middle of July from Fort Eriet|l across the Hi agar a River from Buffalo, and arrived at the mouth of the Detroit liver ysrhere Detroit is now locate^ on July 21, 1793*S Parrish* detained by his duties, reached Fort iri® in early August* He notes to his accounts #2*54 for expenses at Port Erie on August fifth* Anerieaa ^tate Papers, Indian Affairs, op. pit*, 1, 340-4.2, e repoFt' to^'t^^Tice^presicfMlTlii^'Ms enclosure of the instruotione given to the commission on April 28, 1795* 2* Siagara is present foungsto-wn, Biag&ra Couatv, lew forks lodge, op® Git II, 68, " 3* American Stat® Papers, Indian Affairs, op * eit*, 19 548, Sol, Commissioners TSSST^^ 4* Invoice from Parrish to the consul ss loners of the Waited Stat#s for his expenses* Among Parrish Papers but mot included in this group* 5* ^.erioBM St ate Papers, Indian Affair a, I, 551, Commissioners1 aThe following permission to Parrish to go from fort Erie to the Detroit Hirer was issued on August fifth, the day that is mmtimmd te. Parrish1' s aeoorats for expenses at Fort Erie* An «$try of the eleventh-of lugust reveals that he paid fl§*50 to Captain Cowan for passage to Detroit* ■ JL ■ Permission granted to Jas Parrish, 1795. Permission is hereby gxtren to Mr* Jasper Parrish, (an Interpreter to the Commissioners of the limited States) to pass from hence to the Mouth of the Detroit liver, or to whatever place the Commissioners may be, at the time of his arrival there - diveB under my hand at Port Erie this 5* day of August 1795 (Signed) Sobert Pratt Captru it left* Commanding fo All Concerned* (AThere were gin Friends who mad© the trip to the Detroit liver about the same time that the United States commissioners did* They were John Parrish, Jacob Lindley, William Savery, John Elliott, Joseph Monro, and William Hartshorn^who were deputised by the ^Meeting for Sufferings1* of the Philadelphia Friends to attend the treaty*1 fhey spent about six weeks at Detroit,where they made known their peaceful principles to' the Indians who were on the way to the council at the rapids of the Miami River* They also held meetings in Detroit* When, the commissioners arrived, the Friends encamped with them ahd were present at several interviews with Indians* The negotiations between tho.United States commissioners at the mouth of the Detroit River and the assembled Western Indians at the Miami Rapids did not end with a peace treaty at Sandusky as hopedtbut were terminated on August 16, 1T93*2 The Indians insisted on the Ohio Elver as a boundary between their lands and those of the United State's j the oomtissioners ©ould not grant this request, as many white people had settled west of the Ohio since the boundaries were set by the treaty at Fort Eam&r* Tho address to the hostile Indians signed by forty-four of the Philadelphia Friends was sent to them.in care of the British agent. MeKee who was attending tho Hami council*® four of the Friends, on their return, visited Friends in Mew York and returned to Philadelphia while William Savory journeyed homeward via Montreal*4 Mo mention is 1* - Sever me e, Frank H*, ** Quaker $ As&ong the 8en.ec as, * Buffalo Historical Society P blioations, VI (1905), 16$j Harris, loc.slt., editor, p. 457ai Religious Society of Friends Toward the Indian Tribes, op. cit., pp. 100-06 2* -faerie»n State Papers, Indian Affairs, op. eit., I, 357, C©salsaloners' Journal. Iandu sky is ia Brie County, Ohio on Lake Brie. * u 'Society of Friends Toward the Indian Tribes, op. olt., p. 105. 4. Warner, Elliabeth W., "Indian gmbassar.es," Quaker ^ibe-r'aphies, Philadelphia, 1912, III, 120-21. --- 70.made of the sixth member® At Iiagara,on August 1793 John Parrish of the Quakers wrote to Jasper Parrish and the letter is below* As the treaty plans were ended, on August loth and the Quakers immediately departed, it is possible that they were at Ifagara by the ami of the smith* Jasper Parrish W id en tly returned from the Detroit Hirer about the same tl®% bat was detained by illness at If agar a and could not go southward Into the Indian Country with the Quakers* John Parrish was a very prominent Friend* In 1773 he visited the Belawaresfani from that time on was active in work with the Indiana* he was interested in their religious enlightenment,and he encouraged 5 them to improve their methods of land cultivation* His trip to the hostile Indians is one instance of his serviee* 5* 11 John P&rrish,n M-eyorialg Coneernlag Dee eased Friends* * * • Fens sjITan ia » * ' 'WilJmX^I^ p>T~l EG- 23j first Census * * * 1780^ * Pennsy 1 v an i * op* elt** p® 222 lists s br^h^maker^.....John Parr ish* as a resident iTlorli Third Street, Philadelphia* which may be the same one® The dates of the Quaker John Parrish were 1730-1807* uQ Letter from J ohn Parrish at Vlagara to Jasper Parrish, 1793* at Benj Will-sons 8 51 1793 Jtuoh Esteemed Friend Jasper Parrish - We weighted till this morning and hearing by the tavern keeper that thou remained in a poor way and it looked probable it would take longer time for thee to he in a nkte of helth to encounter the fete ague of riding through the wilderness and hearing Ueneral Chapin was expected to be hes.re in about 10 days which I hope by that time thy helth may be so recovered as to return 'with him which w&ll be a good 0pertunity we have therefore concluded to move forward gently with our friend John Elliott -who is poor ley in hopes if it be consistent with the Lords good pleasure to get home against our yerly meeting -I conclude thy real, friend wishing thy confidence and trust may be placed in the Lord the Great Phiscait of Value who doth all things well and wisely who suffers not a sparrow to fall to the ground without his permission and that the present dispensation may be s&nktifyed to thee so that Let thy days be few or mmiey they may be spent in the fear of thy Creator so that thy Latter end may be crowned with peace* (Signed) John Parrish except of my companions Love k 1 oat wishes and let me hear from the as soon as convenient 11Chap in was invited in J mim 1793 to aeeompaj^f the Six Mat ions to * >« y ' v " this he did* American State ^aperfi, Indian Affairs* op*. 0 it*, 54f# C^mlssionefP^WeporFT 73In ear I j l?94f na spirit of discontent* arose among the Six fr^tlnnz ^ * m council at 0 ^^n^ii^u*: was planned to *tr*nqttilise the Indians % pacific measures*1'1 There was still danger fro®, the hostile Indians, arrf the Iroquois had recently been aroused by the plans of Pennsylvania to extend settlements to fresqir Isle, the site of present Iris, Pennsylvania* the Indians claimed this was their londyvrhile Pennsylvania insisted the state had purchased it® Washington stopped, the moves of Pennsylvania* Pickering, agaift commissioner for the United States* arrived at Canandaiguft in the f all^ and the treaty with the Six Hat ions was signed on Mot ember 11, 1794* About 1800 Indians attended the council?including the Seneeas fro® Allegheny with Coraplanter as their leader and Horatio . if ones their interpreter^ and the Seneeas from Buffalo Creek under % farmer1s Brother with Jasper Parrish as their interpreter• - This was the last important treaty held by the United States with the Six ■ I at ions* The terns of the treaty confirmed the lands of the One id as, IT Onend&gas, Cayugas; established the boundaries of the Seneca land, and stated that the Indians wonld claim no additional land* It also provided for a cession by the Seneeas of the right to make a wagon 4 road from Port Sohlosser to Buffalo Creek®' Pickering stayed in the district to conclude a treaty with the Oneida,/ fuse ar or a, and Stookbridge Indians on December 2, 17 which compensated them for losses during the Bevolution* It la interesting • 1* A^erica^ State Papers, Indian Affairs, ^ op * cit*, I, 544-48, Washington to the TTenate^ Tmuary 2, WfH "" * Stone, Had' Jacket., elt«, pp* f04-35e 3* Harris, loc sit*, p* 498* a^r^tale'Tapars, Indian Affairs^ op« cit», I, 845, Pickering submits treaty with Si/Tatlonsi' Stone/facVet, op* cit*, pp® 204-5 the treaty was the re nit of a compromise "on some"points/'rEe limited States originally asked for a four mile strip instead of a wagon road® 6* After.iesaa State Papers» Indian Affairs, op» cit*, I, 54S0 treaty of lacember"!, IWir"^^ * ............. - ^ ¥ f: - If:to note that several Quakers attended the -treaty with the Six fations; n Including Willie® Savery and John Parrish* It was during the time-that Pickering was at Cenandaigua far the treaties t at he awarded an mtmitj to Little Billy, a Seneca chief who was prominent in Seneca councils* Pickering wrote Secretary of War X-nox to inform him of the annuity*. The letter written from Canandaiguajoften knom as Ga&and&quy in its early days and abbreviated as in the letter below* . ^^liliotas Society of Friends. Toward Indian fribes»_ op* 0it.„ pp* 111. 75.ML Mmmitf promised to Little Hilly, Seneca chief, in 1794 Cansnd y* I err* 15 1794 Sir • In consideration of the good character ana abilities of the Seneca War Ch'ef TishJtmaga, usually called Little Billy, and of hie Strong friendship and attachment to the United States, and depending ob the continuance of that friendship and attachment, 1 hmm promised him m. annuity of fifty dollars during his life* this my engagement on behalf of the United States, I hope will meet with your approbation® Little Billy is a steady, prudent and judicious man I and as such of great influence in his nation* Without rewarding merit, Charity would plead strongly in his favour f as he has had the misfortune to lose his sight to such a degree as to be disabled from getting his livelihood by hunting* frme Copy Signed T» Pickering Honl Henry Knox laqr * U.After pence had been made in 1795 between the whites and the hostile Indian* the Quakers became more interested in steps to promote flthe Christian improvement and gradual oifilisation of the natives*®''" f^e matter was discussed at the 1755" Yearly Meeting of Phil- delphia* A circular letter to the Indians brought & reply from the Oneida©* the TusoarorM* and tlm Stoekbridge Indians on the Oneida Reservation* that they were favorable to such steps* In the mmmr of 1796 three Friends went to settle among them^end endeavored, to encourage cultivation of the 1and » the following letter of April,1796|from John Parrish at Philadelphia to Jasper Parrish at Oanandaigna refers to the Yearly Meeting® It also mentions that the interpreter is soon expected hmk from the Indian Country with an answer from the Indians. It is possible that Jasper Parrish delivered the circular letter from the Quakers to the Indians or some suSeeqmeitt message on the same subject® This letter outlines the plane of the Friends* 1* Religi « s Seaiety of Friends To mrd. the Indian Tribes, op* oit** 77.11 John Parrish to Jasper Parrish* 1796* Concern lag Quaker Work Among the Indians® Esteemed Friend Philadelphia 4 Mo* 7* 1790 Jasper Parrish As the Subject relative to our ladIan Bretheren becomes more Js more serious sad a appears to be mow open as there is a general Peace taken place - the Committee of our yarley meeting has thought it expedient to imploy Jacob faylos^ a number of our Society for the sake of expediting the business to go S to C'a&adoqtta* expecting by the time he gits there thou mgy be returned from the Indian Country with there answer that we might be better quailifyed how to move forward in this important business ia the Erley part of the Season! if it should not suit thee to come to Philadelphia on account of any publick business or on thy on oceatioms, 1 should be glad thou will not only give J® Taylor all the Information thou art capable of but it would be pleasing to me to receive a letter from thee with any information or Inteligenee that may occur be it ever so simple| it looks likely if the answer we receive from the Indians affords iaoour&gement some of our friends may find their minds laearged prety soon to pay them a visit and to see in what way to move forwarcr to tre the most useful! to them to promote agriculture - and also that some quailifyd per sons, may remain at least for awhile to put a head to help forward this great and good work* the Beaver, who is a young mam well approved is likely to be one to make a begining in the business if way should open for the purpose* thy friendly notes toward 1%.iu him and t®®mmm4lttg him to smt&hle Lodgings 4c will be a#taowleiged as dome to thy real friend C S igmed ) John Parrish {©m side of letter) Please to five my love to thy wife, to Capt* Chapia & his eoimectiems (On b&ek of letter) For Jasper Parrish C aonad&quft f favour of | Jacob fagrlor ; 712* Jacob Taylor was later active as the friend is charge of a mission to instruct the Indians of the Cattaraugus Seservatiott* He was sent In 1806 or 180? by the Yearly Meeting of Philadelphia* His mission was located adjoining the reservation at a place known m Taylor1s Hollow* Here, about 1809, he built n saw-mill sad a grist-mill* Johnson, op* cit*, pp* 142, If8* •S* €anadoqma is probably a variation of Sanandaigus* ?0?from the time that fob rt Morris became the assignee for Samuel Ogden's some I ur million acres in V/estern Mew York^ in 1791, he hm "been pi arming to extinguish the Indian title to the lmd*"L He sold the greater part of this tract to the Holland Lena Company the next year rkmx with the provision he would purchase the Indian title and hm& the pr" land surveyed* It was 1797 before the ^eneeas could be persuaded to- ' meet for this purpose* f Thoiii'S Morris, the son and attorney of Robert Morris* moved to the Genesee Country im 1790 to watch over his fathers s interests® He was very well liked by the Indians m.& was adopted by them at the Tioga Point treaty* He persuaded the Xadiams *to hold a conferemce, and designated Big Tree, bow G#ms«o, as the place where the same should be held*11 ^ Jeremiah Wad worth was the United States commissioner and 1® Stone, led Jaoket^ QF» olt*g j»« 237* 2* Thomas Morris (1771-1849} was Tery prom in eat in the Genesee Country* When he was adopted into the Seneca Wat ion, led Jacket gave him his old name, Otetiami* this was dome am id the elaborate ceremony of 1600 Indians at Tioga Point* Morris had been, well educated including sweral years spent at Leipsic md Seneva* He attended the 1791 treaty at the Painted . Pest* After completing his law course and passing- the bar in lew York City* he went to 6sBsmdaigu& to live* He was present at the 1794 treaty, and always had the confidence of the Indians® He knew how to treat the Indians and talk with them* It was through his skillful appeal to the women of the Senec&s that the Big Tree Treaty, 1797, was completed* Morris was a cultivated gentleman mi a highly esteemed lawyer* He was one of the wealthiest residents of O&nsBd&igust and entertained elaborately; among his guests in 1797 was Louis Philippe* From 1793* to 1796 he served in the State Asaambly, then for five years In the State Senate, and the following tmo in the United States Cofifrass* He left Csnandaigua in 1894 to return to lew York City practise law* He was involved with his father in the land speculation crisis* His report of many events in the Genesee Country have contributed a great deal to a knowledge of the life there % Stone quotes of tea from his aausoripts* Stone, Red jacket, _ og«_ g^t** pp* 143-45} II ill ikes, Charles F*, "Thomas Morri^^^Schirtar Historical Society Fublimtlom Fimd Series, VII, 46-53* — 3* Seaver, op, cit*, p* 392, mote 91 by $*&* fail*. 11.a treaty was oonoulded ®m September 15, ': p i tobert Morris mi the Semeem. Hat loa, with the sanction of the United States*4 Horria purchased the Indian right to the land west of the fhelps-Sorham Purchase, with certain except loss of tracts for Indian villager md reservations! the title purchases included the land known as the M0rris Seserve, the foinr sqeare miles assigned to Mary and. Chloe Allem, and four tracts, of land belonging to the loll and Land Company*5 the treaty was concluded only after mmh persuasion by fhomes Morris of the value of an animal laeroe from the #100,000 he offered to pay them,and after Morris talked with the Se&eea. women who intervened said demanded that his offer be ,. accepted• This conference re stilted in the opening for settlement of Most of Western Hew York* J^M ■ ■ r.:Wkm Wt^e'freat/0omoll,.was held at Big free* .is. - "farmer's: Brother presented a claim for lamd for Mary Jamison* who also attended the comcil*7 She was called wfhe White Woman of the beeause this white captive spent about seventy years' of her life «aong the Se&eeas on the Genesee liver5 and her history is * inseparably eo&uee ted1* with that of the Genesee VElley*® A corrected version of the inscription on her tombstone at the Buffalo Creek Reservation, briefly reviews her tumstial lifei *In Memory of T White Woman, MARYJEMISON, Daughter of Thomas Jfmu^w % Tak* Xrwik Born en'the ocean* between Ireland and ^ijf^Jil' Sfi-' in IT43* Taken captive at Marsh Creaky Pa. te 1?SS carried dowa the Ohio, Adopted into am Indian family® In 1762 removed to fenesee Siver* Was naturalized m 181?* Removed to' this place in 4# - - yfair^ op* B ^ISSTBT ladiaast o. HSggins, ,og*cit*#. p* 15 ^ 6* Stone, Sed 3acke t, op» cit»» pp* 237-245* Seaver,~opT oit*# p# 94* 8, JMd^ p* 255• u.1831 . And having survived^ two husbands and five children, leaving three still alive; She Died Sept 19th 1833 aged about ninety years, Having a few weeks before expressed a hope of pardon through Jksu* Chkss^t, fThe counsel of the Lord that shall stand.1 1 9 She adopted Indian manners and was an active person. Almost every year she planted, hoed, and harvested the corn on the land where she lived. When Mary Jemison decided after the Revolution that she would stay in the Indian Country, her Indian brother iaenred^htr'^at .fhe-^ could have a tract of land of her own.1 Before,he :iefftor $ anaM" he spoke to some of the ehiefs about the l$nd;and-;thui Farmer* s Brother presented her claim at the Big Tree council. Red Jacket opposed her claim as he did the whole treaty, but others insisted that it be granted. Mary Jemison also pleaded her own case. She had described - to Farmer1s Brother the tract she desired, and it was granted to her. | MThe deed was made and signed, securing to me the title to all the land I had described* under, the same restrictions and regulations that other Indian lands are subject toy*1 Thomas Morris had been careful in outlining the reservations in the treaty; he made certain of the number of acres in each, but he signed this deed without knowing the definite acreage. He was under the iiapression that the land was not over 150 acres, but a later survey revealed that he had signed a deed to about 30,000 acres of very rich land. Part of the land was open f idts, end known as the Gar dow or as the Gar dow Tract or Reservation. It is here on the Genesee River that she lived until she was eighty-eight. The follow ing document is the Deed of Conveyance to Marv Jimoson?Qas spelled therein). 9. Ibid., pp. 196, 228ff, 427. In 1874 her remains were reinterred on a site overlooking the Genesee River and near her old home. 10. Ibid., pp. 92-96. 11. Stone, Red Jacket, op. cit., pp. 245-46. n.M- Original Seed of Conveyanee of property to Mary «f imo son, 1797* Know all men by these presents that we the Chief Warriors , and Chief Sachems of the Seneca I at ion, for and in consideration of the w of one dollar, to us in hand paid by Mary JImoson the receipt whereof we do hereby acknowledge and are fully satisfied and contented, and paid, have given granted bargained, Aliened, released conveyed and confirmed unto her the said Mary Jomoson her Heirs and assigns forever one certain parcel or fract of Land being and lying on the Genesee Biver beginning at the Mouth of the Steep Sill Creek and running a due last line till it strike the old path, thence South till a West line will intersect with certain steep Rooks on the West side of Genesee River, then extending sue West, due forth and due East till it strike a the first mentioned Bounds, inclosing as much Land upon the West Side of the liver as it does upon the East side of said River* to have and to hold the above granted and Bargained premises with all the apputinanees and privileges thereunto belonging to her the said Mary J imo son her Heirs and assigns forever, and furthermore we the ssid Chief Sachems and Warriors for ourselves our heirs, executors, and AdmiMstrators, do by these presents warrant, engage and promise to defend the above granted Premises with all the appurtinances unto her the said Mary JJjiioson her heirs and assigns forever, will warrant and lefend the above granted Premises against all claims and. Demands of all persons whatsoever - In confirmation whereof we have hereunto set our hands ®m& seals this in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and ninety seven ~ HHoratio Jones Wit# Johnston-^ C* ifirmy 15 6hs* Williamson Signed sealed & Delivered in presence of ** 16 (Signed) 13 fhnmm Morris Be it remembered that on the thirtieth day of October in the year oneihoua&nd seven hundred and ninety eight* personally appeared before me Moses Atw&ter one of the Judges of the Court of Common Fleas for the County of Ontariof Thomas Morris, -who being duly sworn declared he saw the Or alitor s of the within instrument affix their signature a to the same as execution thereof - And that he the depomet with Charles Williamson in the presence of each other subscribed their masses as-witnesses to the same - I being personally acquainted with Thomas Morris and upon inspection of the said instrument* finding no material erasures or interlinations do alio* the seme to be recorded - Clerks Office, County of Ontario tegistered in the fifth Book of the Records of Deeds for the County of Ontario Page 355 &m this Thirtieth day of October A.Do IT98 - (Signed) Moses Abater17 (Signed) Peter S* Porter, Clerk" 18 12* Captain Pollard was a famous Seneon. chief - orator* After Cornplanter1 § deeth, lie wms considered the noblest of the S He was the son of a Seneca woman and an Szsglish trad«r from liagara* Pollard was a devout Christian in his later year a, leading the ' Ghrintim branch of the Seneeae, Joining the Seneca Mission Church in 1824* He was am earnest advocate of oiTiliuation* Pollard was seeond ofely to Red Jacket an an orator, and he was 11 distinguished for his be&«nroleaee and wiedosu* 8#' fought In the War of 1818, u a Captain from the Main Seneca Village at Buffalo Creek. (See Hit was formally selected by the Indians as their leader in battle* He was one of a deputation is 1815 which communicated to the Secretary of War their concern over fia&nei&l matter®* (see 3o% Sis name is among the Seneoas who petitioned President Monroe in 1818 {gee 34)G Ha signed an 1821 receipt ( see 3T and an 1826 receipt (see la 1831 he receipted his amauitT from Hobort M0rris for his part in the Big free Treaty (see Slip* Pollard whs prominent in the many councils of the Senecas and signed the treaties of 1797, 1802, 1815, 1823, and 1838* In 1838 he described as a venerable old chief *who had attended all the Councils since that held by Col* Pickering at Can&ndaigua,11 and. as a chief with manners of a gentleman of the old school who was gentle and mild in his deportment* At this time he was about eighty years old and bent with the infirmities of age* He died in 1841 and was among the chiefs reinterred with led Jacket in 1884* - ' - J, op* clt*# pp* 247-48i Howl and/Seneca Misai loo sit*, p* 1481 - , pp* 83~84f / Bear born Journal ' pp. 93, 142s entries' of 'September 14, 18S8 md September 1838*...... IS* Tommy Jitamison was probably the son of Mary Jamison^ as her oldest ■ ,*©»■ was Thomas ^tio was prominent in Seneca councils* He was murdered in 1811 by his younger half-brother, John, who tomahawked him* - Sea?er, op* oit», p* 99 md' passim* 14* William Johnston was m Inglish trader and interpreter who Hired on Buffalo 'Creek- in a half log and half frame house as early as 1798* He al to -owed a. two story log house which was used as a ... tavern, and an Indian store* Captain Johnson is considered the first settler of Buffalo* The Indians gave him two scju&re miles of land in the heart of present Buffalo,which he was later perenaded to exehange foi* other Saneo.a land-* He married a Seneca by whom he had three children*. liggina, 0£*cit*, p. 134s Larned, op* olt«, 1, 12; Tail, Robert 8*0*, tfansTator, ftfhe Genesee Country in 1798,# by Lb Comte de Colbert Maulevriiar, Rochester Historical Society Publication Fund Series* XI? (1958), l6|* 1 --*- IS* Cornelius Wiaat^or Winney) is recorded as lining in a log house on Buffalo Creek as early as 1791* He was a Hudson Si?«r Dutchman and became the first permanent white settler in irie County* le was an India© trader and sold rum, whiskey, knives, -and trinkets* mainly to the Seneeas on the nearby Buffalo Creek Reservation* Higgins, op* oit»» p* I54| Johnson, op* elt«» p* 83* 11;IS. Charles Williamson (1757-1808) was a British officer, a land promoter in Western few Tork^ and a secret agent. In 1791 he was appointed to hold in trust for three English speculators, one of -horn was Sir tilliam P#lteney, a tract of 1,200,000 acres aeculred from Robert H0rrls* He bee am© m American oitisea so he could hold this- land in his name* Williamson's emthnslam, wisdom, and judgment contributed to his promises©a® He opened the land to settlers and srnd© many improvements on it* He introduced into the Genesee Country the first good roads, good taverns, fair, race track, theatre, and newspaper. He also encouraged school, churches, and charities* Always an advocate for order and Ju?: ice, he became an adviser to sxrr settlers -/ho asked him for aid* He was a judge of several courts, and from 1794-to 1799 he served in the State Assembly as the first delegate fro - Western lew York* Williamson laid out several towns including Bath and Seneva* He was a great advertiser for the district; *ntd the 1796 Pair t ^ath, with'"the attraction of a horse race, brought people from menv sections including Southern aristocrats with their slaves. la 1802 he withdrew from the agency and returned to England wher- he was sctive in colonial and foreign affairs* Cox, Issae J*, "Charles Williamson/' Mctlonaryof Mar lean Biography XX, 297-98 f Parker, Arthur C*, fTTfamsonr" lochester Historical Society Publication Fund Series, VI (1927), 17. Moses B# Atwater was a judge in Ontario County as this deed records* In 1803 he concurred with Judge Livingston in asking p rdon far an Indian murderer (see 13 and IS). In 1812 he bought land on *he east aide of the uenesefc River above the maim falls* His name is among seven affixed to an 1614 petition of a Canandalgna Committee for aid to the Niagara and Genesee Country, which wtnso severely disrupted by the frontier plundering during that year* In 1819 he was one of the builders of a toll bridge over the Genesee River above the falls* Tutter, Chipman P», Dark Days on the Frontier of Western Sew York, Buffalo, 1879 ^pTTB^WfY^r^^ Edward W71 editor, ^nnais of Rochester,11 Centennial History of Rochester, 1, 279 -80, 282. 18* Peter B» Porter (1773^1644) was a congressmen, a major-general, and Secretary of War* After graduating from Tale la 1731 he studied lavfj and ir? 1795 went to Canandaigua, Hew York to practise. In 1797 he was appointed Clerk of Ontario County which then embraced all of Western Sew York* In 1805 he was removed, as he was identified with the Burr faction of the Republican party* from 1809 to 1815 he served as a Congressman fro"» .7$ stern New York and was important as one of the War*3awks+- He chaired the committee of the Sous© which reecTV"; preparation for war, .vith Canada as an objective* He mm very active in the military service an the Hiagara frontier (see Silo) and commanded about 600 Indians of the Six Mat ions * He investigated charges made in 18E2 against Parrish and Jones at th^request of the /rov rnment* (see In 1828 and 1829 he was Secretary of far and one of his chief problems wm the Indians of the Eastern States* Pratt, Julius W*# Peter Shell Porter,11 Dictionary of American Biography, 'I?, 99-lQGf Larned, op. eit*, I, 2g«Sener&l Isroal Chapim served as super intend eat of Indian affairs for the lorthern department until his death in the spring of 1795* The Indians hed confidence its him and mourned his loss by holding a council in memory of him." At that council, Red Jaeket requested that Iere&l Chap in, Jr», who had been deputy for his fattier for several years, be the new superintendent* B© asked that this request reach the government and recommended the younger § h ap in who was a Captains ^He being well acquainted with our business, and all the papers and belts of wampum being ia his hands, we cannot conceive of any other person so suitable to fill his father1s seat** Captain Chap in was appointed and served until the summer of 1802 when he was removed by Jefferson and replaced by Captain Callander Irrxm* The Indians later protested about this change, led Jacket sayings *Wo do not understand that any neglect of duty has been alleged against him* We are told it is because he differea from the president in his sentiments'on government matters* He has always been perfectly satisfactory to us * » * Ob Chap in? s last day in office, July 31, 1802, he wrote a letter to the Seneca chiefs at Buffalo Creek which he sent via. Jasper Parrish* She subject of the letter was the murder of a whit© man, John Hewitt, by a drunken Indian called * Stiff-armed George.*® The affair caused a great deal of excitement among the Indians and alarm among the inhabitants* It occurred at Sew Amsterdam which later beeem* Buffalo, Hew York* T^e Indies resisted the demands of the 1® Stone, Red ^acfret, op* pit*, pp* 235-36* 2m Ibid*, 3. 7WM7. pp* 258-64? Aaeriean State Papers, Indian Affairs, op* cit*, 1......over no r CI is ton to Seeretary of *far dearborn, August 'fl,' 1802, Clinton was petitioned by the Indians to pardon the murdered but he did not have the- power to do so* ft.elfil authorities to surrender the murderer* After several 'unsuccessful attempts to achieve agreement "between the Indians and the whites, the chiefs of the Senecms, Cayng&s, and Onondagas convened st Canezulaigaa ■ to consider the question* This was followed by a conference of the Indians and the citizens* Here Red Jacket voiced the opinion of his people. He mentioned that the Indian was drmk and had no intention to kill; drunkenness wns a cause for leniency in Indian custom* He .stated that he understood the lew York laws but that the Indians had. made .no treaty saying they would conform to them; and he asked for the case to be presented to the President and for the President to appoint a coiisti. ssion to settle the matter® The Indiana were finally compelled to surrender the murderer*' In the course of these events end amid great concern of the Indians for the murderer, Chapin isrote the following letter*13. Captain Ohapim Letter to the Semeom Chiefs at Buffalo Ore©kt 1802* Brothers • I aa sorry t© hear of the very disagreeable mews from Buffalo® Creek that one of our people has beem killed by one of your people* Brothers - this news is terriable disagreeable a&d afflicting* it naturally axoltaa temper and reremge at the first appear©nee -but Brothers let us reffleet & be eoll and endeavour to fis.de out what ought to b€ done to bring our minds to h&raonica & food agreement again - These things haire happened and they ha¥@ been settled, and X suppose it will be right in this ease to take such measures as to hare this business reconciled* and that the ahole of community should mot be rendered unhappy by the quarrel of iadirid-uala* Bre - You will consider nothing impoper in taking the Indian who stab14 one man k kill1 d one other and placing him is confinement* I consider the white people in this respect justifte&ble* as he fell on them as a mad man without any provocation ss 1 have been told* Bra - Tou on your part I trust will do nothing rash or hastey in this business & 1 hope & believe the white people on their part will conduct with humanity and prudence* Irs ~ The President of the limited States must be mad© acquainted with this transaction* 'who will eater into such measures as to preserve ' cur general peace k friendship unbroken* in ~ the reason you do not see me at Buffalo© Greek on this occasion is* The president of the U States has removed ma fro® office &18® this day my offio* terminates* Capt® Irriae^ who 1 beliwes lires ct Fr esq**-* Isle is-to be my successor, and ought to meet Jsou on this business* said as his -age-noy commences I suppose it is probable he will be with you soonu Brothers - 1 should hwe been happy to hare your Chiefs emtm forward to this plaoe yon proposed & still shall 'expect to you* ss some business of importance will be left to be transaoterd by me* Brs - 1® this is the last speech that you will receive from me as Agent ©f Indian affairs 1 hope you will pay due attention to ity as no one wishes more for your happiness and prosperity than Brothers your friend and. Hble serrt (Signed) Israel Chap in © am and sngna July 31 1802 (On back of letter) The Seneka Chiefs at Buff aloe Creek pr Mr. Parrish 11.Uaptain Callander Irrise or Irwin was the nm superlatendent* Little is kmowE about him^ but ted Jacket complained in his speech about the murdereri "We understand that the president has appointed a euperintaudent who is altogether unknown to u«» and who is tmacqiaainted with Indian affairs* We know him not in our country/ Red Jacket continued to say that if the Indians had been consulted they would! have made a suggest!** such as Oliver Phelps* Stone5 Red Jacke t» op» clt«* p. 263* : : mIn 130:3, at Canandaigua,Oliver Phelps awarded an annuity to the 8aneea ohiof Little Beard« In the sane year Phelps established his residence at Canandaigua after several long visits in the Genesee Country^ and managed the rnmnants of his land holdings*1 the Little Beard granted the annuity was undoubtedly the principal chief at the fonawanda Reservation, as distinguished from the cruel chief who lived at tittle Beard1 s To am on the Genesee Hiver* T^e Phelps annuity was made payable at Let is torn, a ccnirenienf center for the Tonawa&da chief but a great distance for the other Little Beard, and was granted for his love and1 good will* two qualities never attributed to the Little Beard of Little Beard1 s Town* the fonawsnda chief was a lieutenant in the far of 1812* and probably the chief who signed receipts in 1821 and 1826*2 1* -Ft—s, 1101 irer Phelpsloc♦ sit., pp* 530-31, lee 3°l3 aad ii in this series, u11 Oliver Phelpa awards smmltf to Little Beard, 1802* This may certify that for the consideration of love and good will to Little Beard ( so oalld), I agree to give him as a present, Twenty Dollars pr ® year, to he paid Annually to the said Little Beard, at the Town of Lew is ton, in produce ©nd clothing m he may want, during his natural life, for the faithful payment of which I hind myself my heirs and administrators dated at Caaandalgtia this 27th day of September 1802 - (Signed) Oliver Phelps TtThe fate ..of the Indium who committed a murder in 1802, referred to is a previous letter, was not settled until the next year. The great eoneern'of the Indians for his welfare was evidenced by an appeal in August 1802 to Governor Clinton of lew York, and by a deputation of Seneca, Oneida* and Onondaga chiefs who went, to Washington, D»C» in \1803 to plead for the murderer1 B releases While the chiefs were in Washington they mre addressed by Thomas Jefferson on February 14, 1803. It is interesting to note that the Indian wm tried 'and convicted at the Court of Oyer and terminer of-Ontario County on February 23, ■ 18GS*1 ■ A justice of the lew. fork Supreme Court* BreftkhoUt Livingston, presided- at the trial* A .petition-for pardon was sent to Governor - .■"..■'. Clinton by the attorney general* by the grand jury that indicted the Indian, and by many oitisens of Canandaigua* Judge Livingston wrote Clinton about the case recommending clemency $ he said that it had excited an uncommon interest and solicitude in the sachems and warriors of E J nation.* In -a special message the Governor presented the case to the Assembly* and the Indian *Stiff-armed George* was not executed. Stone, Red ifacket* op* cit. , fp. 263~84* 2. Henry Brockholst 1iYtaJSSm (1757-1823) was born in Mew York Citv graduated from the tallage of lew Jersey in 1774, am! fought in the devolution, fee studied law and bee me a prominent lawyer. In 1802 he was appointed Judge of the lew York Supreme Court. * Three years later he received an appointment to the United States Supreme Court, ^effersoniam in politics, Livingston was considered an able and independent judge. He was active in the organisation of the lew l-ork- public school .system* Cushman, Robert, wlenry Broekholst Livingston,n Dictionary of Americ an B lo graphv XI, 312-13. ?——-fiL S* Sj^pT^'-if8 PP^ 531 Governor ^Assembly, March 5, 1803, The Indian was pardoned oy aB; act passed on March 12,' 1803♦ 1&The speech of Jefferson to th? Is hflow* It is sigmm4 br th* Pr*r1d«-nt. A »*:trj5ed draft of this ■^tv, t)*'* md dated. t$ V foil t/I-r is In the transcripts of the Library of Congress, hut it has not been included in of the collected »rks of Jefferent Mi the Chief of the Mvlsion of tfanoeeripts is not iwirt of my whlieatlm of Probably several copies of the speech were aa.de eSpned by the President* 4* Sl«raefi*t, St* 0eorre Chief* Mvisior? of manuscriptst the Library of SmmrmMB* Letter March 21, 194u to Dorothy Mo K*lrb*nk« The draft of the address in the Library i s in The Papers of Thorn?-s Jefferson^ "Volume 130, folios 22347 - 22348; it is a manuscript of three octavo pages® Address Made end Signed by Thomas Jefferson v&ile President to XndiaB BaJegaiiom in Washington, 1803* Brothers of the Seneca, Oneida k Gnomdagua laticn©* 1 give you a hearty welcome on your arrival at the Seat of our Government, where I am glad to take you by the hand and to renew the Chain of Friendship between usf and 1 &m thankful to the Great Spirit who has preserved you in health during your long journey at this in©lament season of the year, md am hopefull his protection will cover you on your return* I sincerely lament with you, Brothers, the unfortunate murder which was committed by one of your people on one of ours at Buffalo* Creek - It has been one of the many evils produced by the abuse of spiritous liquors - and it is with sincere pleasure I learn that your people have in a great measure abandoned the use of them — You ask an explanation htm it has happened,that, our Treaty5 having provided that injuries done by-either party to the other shall be settled by ©omiss loners, the murderer, in this case, should be tried by the Lasrs of lew York* to -which laws you say you never gave your consent, and therefore are not subject to them - The words of the Treaty, Brothers, are, 11 that for injuries dome by individual© on either aids no privates revenge or retaliation shall take place, but, instead thereof, aoaplaint shall be made by the party injured to the other, by the six nations, or env of them, to the President of the tf« S*, or the Superintendent by him appointed, md, by the Superintendant or other person appointed by the President, to the principal Chiefs of the six nations, or of the nationis to nhieh the offender" belongs^ and such prudent measures shell then be pursued as shall be necessary to preserve our peace and friendship imbrokem., until, the Legislature or great Come 11 of the U* States shall make other equitable provision for^ffie. purpose** In pursuance of this agreement in the Treaty* the Srest Cornell of the W® S* have made provision by a law that* where any murder shall be committed by any of our people on yours, or of yours om ours, the murderer shall be punished with death ~ In this case the murder was ©owiitted within the lends belonging to lew Tork, and therefore the Judges of lew York are the persons authorised to enquire into the truth of the fact, and to punish it, if true - md had the murder been committed, at the same place by an Englishman, a Frenchmm, a Spaniard, m American, or « person of any other nation, the same Judges would hs.¥e tried it, by the same rules, and subject to the tmi pumi&hmemtf So that yon are placed on the same footing, in this respect, as the most powerful k the most friendly nations are, and as we are ourselves* As the State authority, inhere the murder was committed, is appointed to en-quire into the fact k punish it, so they era entrusted to remit the punishment, if they find it was committed under circumstances which entitle the murderer to mercy* Jjid 1 have great hopes, Brothers, that those who enquire into the case may find grounds for pardoning the offender, and that hffeay again be safely restored to you® Jqu ask that the Lands which you hold at the luff aloe Creek,6' Allegany md all other reserves, now in your possession, may remain your a, and descend to yo-ur children, mi that we will consist, your title to these lands, and oppose any chief who- may in future oom& %15® ferwto mil* These lands are yours, Brothers^ to confirm the title to them for yourselves and your children^ against ©tar people, md ell other sf except yours#lT@s* Ho per son shall m®r take one foot of them by my bargsta with one or a few lan&vfchorised chiefs* aor any otherwise than with the consent of your nation^ fully girm by your d: puties* according to your own rules& customs - when the aatiom at large shall see an interest in making any bargain respecting their own lands* they certainly would not ehuee we should oppose what thay Jmdge fur th#ir own interest* All to can rightfully do is to maintain tii® in the exercise of all their rights over the eountry they poss#ssf and this we will• do against fraud force* With respect to the residence of our superinte&dsmt, or m o assistant* at £osura«d&igua# to the payment of your monies at Albany, the delivery of the goods for the One id as* Onondaiguas k Stoekbridge Indians st lofiOB-daigm, and the continuance of the blacksmiths and gunsmiths, the Secretary of War will consult with yon & will e3td#«reur to eMmed-ai* these matters to your and our convenience* Wh&terer he says to you on that subject, you are to consider as if said by myself* We hmpm -with you, Brothers* that the tomahawk is forever buried C be tureen is $ Rirer more to be taken up-* Peace and friendship is our best Interest* By war we cam laJure one another$ but so good man can receive pi ©a sura from doing injuries* We wish to see you &dranoe to th© eultiT&tion of the earth, in raa&u&c^rlog clothes, end in whatever may eon tribute to f#ad & clothe your people, and make them comfortable * happy* In this wey your' numbers will increase, k the hanbhips k n15* wants jom warn experience, from tfee uncertain pursuit of wild beast©, will be exchanged for plentiful living, produced by lees labor from the so11 you live on* 1 gray you, Brothers to carry for am to your nation, a© stir an© es of the constant friendship sand protection of the United States to them* • (Signed) Th* Jefferson fab 14, 180S* /ooThe Treaty here mentioned is the- Canandaigua Treaty of 1794 and the quotation a fair lines later is frcm that treaty* kMeriear, State Pagers, Indian Affairg^ op« cit*, X* 545# the treaty* ' 6# Buffalo!e) Crsei Reservation was a large- reserve along Buffalo Creek including the present site of Buffalo, it was one of the reservations reserved to the Indians in 1797 • AllegCh)any Reservation extended on both sides of the Alleghany Hirer from western part of the Hirer in lew York for aver half of its distance in that state• 8® Konon-daigua is a variation of Canandaigua* mJasper Parrish hmarne sub-agent of the United States to the Six Mat ions of Indians in February, 1805, as t hm letter - from the Secretary of War, Henry Dearborn, ^reveals* 1* Henry Dearborn (1751-1829) was born in Sew Hampshire* studied and practiced medicine, headed a company in the Revolution, and in 1779 headed a regiment in Sullivan* s ariay that laid waste to the Semesee Valley • He represented Massachusetts in the United States Congress from 1793 to 1797. In 1812 he was the senior Major-General of ""the . army and the ranking officer. His earlier military successes did not last and he was incompetent in his new command* In 181$ he became ill and the command went to General M0rgan Lewis. After much criticism he received an honorable discharge in 1815. From 1822-24 he served as Minister to Portugal* Pratt, Julius, * Henry Dearborn,* Dictionary of American Biography, V, 174-76. _-^^16* I&*triH»ti03i8 from the Secretary of War to Parrish, cm lis Anointment as 1805* War Bepartmeitt 15th February 1803 Sir With this you will receive a cosimission2 constituting yam a Sub-Agent of the United States to the six Mat ions, now under the general superintendence of Callendar Irvine Isqnlre. Intil more ample instructions on the sub j©ct of your tgency, asc! various duties connected with it can be furnished, you will govern yourself b» suoh directions as you may receive from Mr. Irvine, in all matters, in relation to which you are not particularly instructed by this department. It will he your duty to spend at least three months in each year, during the warm season, within the tribes of the Oneidas, Cayugas, Stockbridge, ©Bondages, and those Indians who inhabit the basks ef the Genesee river.3 Of your proceedings while among the Indians^ you will keep a correct journal, ntoing and remarking such circumstances as in your judgment are important to the United States, a copy of which you will forward to this office and duplicate to Mr. Irvine, at least once a year. Tou will endeavour to obtain and confirm the good will and affection of the Indians? to introduce the arts of civilisation, domestic manufactures, and agriculture, fo dlsuade from and discountenance /o3,16 the ii so of ardent spirits among them, and in mil matters end things conduot yourself in such manner ms shall be best o&leulmtM to offset the benevolent designs and views of the General Government towards their Indian brethren* Y on will be careful and vigil sat in reporting every circumstance and event which mey occur that is important to th^ government of the United States to be made aoqmi&ted with* The pl&ee of your residence will for the present be Canandaigua* I am, Sir, Yr obt Servant (Signed) Dearborn Jasper Pmrrish Ss<§r* The actual *ppoSfitnent» also dated February 18, 1805, is in the recoris of the War Department and a copy of it is in a footnote to * Story of C a tain Jasper Parrish,* loc- sit», p* 555n. It notes that his compensation wss fixed at a sa2Sy';'oF*Kl450 per year, payable quarter^yearly* the Indians inhabiting the hanks of the Genesee liver wmr® mainly Seneeas to various villages such as Ljttle Beard1 s town md Big free Tillage® The itw sub-agent bad many duties* as outlined in his instructions and as revealad by the letter of his superior, Gal lender Irwin or Xrvtii** in May 18G3* The United States was interested in promoting civilization among the tribes, and the Tuscarora mill is an indication of this® The Tttaearo-r* Village was located in northwestern Mew fork not far from Lewistem* Parrish was responsible for making payments for the government and for reporting on conditions of the various Indian Iations« I0(c.17* 0 allender Irwim Letter to Jasper Pwrrlsh* 180S* Presque 1 Isle May 18th« 1805 Bear Sir, 1 arrived here the next day after 1 parted with you, more fatigued then my horse, & just in time to send you six hundred ^ 3' jH dollars by Mr® Reed who sets out tomorrow for C&nendaigua -p i* 55 two hundred of this you will pay Mr* Follett taking his reet« 5 2,- therefor, specifying it as the first payment of a contract X iN p "J o % * entered into by "said Follett for erecting a mill at the fuse ar or a I p o be good enough to acknowledge the rect» of the whole ^ sum, bs soon as vtm eomreniently cm me a return of the I « 5 £ 1 different Nations of Indians and their relative situations* 'I hope yon found all well on your arrival at home« fours sincerely (Signed) Gallender Irwin P*S® I will send you more when I hear from the War Department, dont forget Major Sogers* Indn Shoes - m so good an opportunity may not occur Jasper Parrish Bsqr* shortly, 1 hmm straind 200 morn making $800 in. all, & will trust to providence for more /*7.ft SO O m i % ft IS 1* n m m m it m ■m m m m t m 0 1 1 it H m M ® m. ft m SO 1 CO I* ■ft 1 m a # t* Q & A 4* m m 4> 1 Jk 1 I © i l M m m $ I *Q m u m A ® 0 Jf m m m a 1 •j- 4* it H o Ji H 4> t o # If I a l I l 3 4* U P' ^ O fe # ■ u m m m ® m I 8 0 o ■K A m M 0 m %4 1 A J 1 o o ' o f I H CO w i « 0 a t* o u m u m « #t : I I * #4 jg i 1 4> 0 # # u 0 1 ts> m IT 99 u 0 ly i & m m i 0 1 m § o ♦ «p 0 § # ho 1 0 1 i 0 ft fi 0 1 I f* 'U § m i o a W m m i si 1 -if i # t*4 # 4U O P 0 ip | g. o 9 Wrt \s m clVV opt" oy I* Vtot ft. ot 0 1 i # 4> & § I 23 "\Vl*»5 "XbUttVi, CS.^ei") C TO" cJT 0 t i 1 it ii I I ft I •3 <0 O » o a o 1 I $4 If J r-t . i fl 0 S 1 CO w IS # 0 Jd m m M # o m u O m m M # O w IS •« o f0 I 0 1 1 i « I u # # s •ts 0 o it I i e h 1 i t IS | A O J i is k I if! M § I i ft o 0 *0 0 Si ii 1 I ft H « i i I mfhe government policy for Indian affairs included an annual gift to the tribes usually to goods* for the Six Nations the sum was $1500 from 17S2 t© IT94, when it was increased to $4500* Following ar@ three invoices for the annuity for 1805* So e of the items are listed first ir English money and then in dollars and cents^ uniform accounting In American money was mot then general® 0e&eral Peter dansevoort, to whom the packages iter® addressed at Albany, was Military Agent for the Morthern Department having had long experience in military affairs during and after the Revolution*1 1* 41 den* Edmund Iiff%llt *Peter G&asevoort** Dictionary of Amer "can . rgi§raplF' 127~28* General iansev ortTs dates were 1749 to mrzi in 1809 he beeame a lrigmdi@r~§eneral of 'the United States Army # JOB,18* ImwJbes of ImMm tam&tgr tor 18©§# of sundry peekag** 4*lfcr*r«d by inorgt Xmgelf Esquire Agent fer tb§ Xndlfta Department to William Limtard Isqre Military Agent for traaapertatiei) to Alb«raqr» addressed to 6enl Bmmm-mrt and to be by him forwarded #*<greem%iy to the orders of the Seeretisry of War* W^rkm k umbered se per Berlin liOi 0 net At* I? No t CasK No A CasK 3fi>4 No 1 I® to No « Ke ^ CasKJ Sok D14 ^t lotted States Ar«en.al May 10th 1&0S 3 ^hjC* nu ant a A vancc It 5 pet 13: 107. ISv 4'. 10-^r A. pieces ijctttu> jbtntel \ Ao >e<l } 1^3/ fictti iund'^ c«.licoe» 3B?xna><S& Bocfe 5* fiecM uVute pittas - \l ^ at CasKs oo^Afr \oolls 9L$0 \\S UcoL<i I pv 1 " Jo aV^./a It» a. " do •ft 1 jT k 1 4o m J " 4c, ift V " 1 " 4°« u »» 1 " Jo 11 3 JS" it si 13 t4 1 12 7>/ 1 pr Vd Straps No44 40/ aiva%I2-0 4 CusKa c«>opev sj£ t | U3W Jo S I A Mr^j 4» a^ a-* 11 H % 15L ^ #101 at ss- && 3 a A' 14 v t 4v 5- l: 3*. 5: L sa: 3: IT 1: 6 35*: y: 1 3: 5 is; IT' 5 I? 4o ^JLi.— - 3 5" 75 FO J" no BO ACT Sol ol 6 AiT 10F 4t lure lee of sua dry package a delivered by Qmrg& In gels Inquire Agent for the Indian Department to William Lisn^rci Isqrs Military Agent for transportation to Albany, addre^sad to Geml ffamsCToort aad to be by Ilia forwarded agreeably to the orders of the Secretary of Marked. & numbered as per Margin M.S. 1805 IJ»S® Arsenal May lOttu l&QS R*»itwitm C vvtc.es 6Tn OCc* no. a. 3 X5 a a. 'UT a CasXs I .r tu Wcliw\ Bvae* ® a. IB. 1 as--. o: cuWwu. us pet 40 -4 J^prSuHA-u GtWcecs JLfec VTAtjdj® 3o«»jdi qS IA. V* pWhlks © U| 37 2. 6 / go f sO 3 ©11 W 10 ^ Casks pou*W ISoVb © 32 Ctxk | ^ tyrof**^ <S> 10 ll £)|S 150 11 d> U °\0 It CasK 3ps ^VUel] g) ^ si' IS 161 40 Sps^deJ ^ ^ Hr {namoaftK*- ^Jbd ^ Cft.sK ^Cooperaae 113 2 I I w 11 CajKs 5"pv sWJ bUnKets C|5 <•<*} >,„ I ^A 11. A. 4- 7 " do " 2 ju/6 ".Avanex 115pet n A 4 <Wr C6vevl,as' ® */+ , ' 8i A. k Gasfe I Cooper raAe <2> 1/4-2- _ 1_LJ3 ' 1 ^ ial a s-3 1 Qale I s, pr, ^UnKeteOs") 11 J 4 I .. jiot ■»o i a-, is-. L, z a. 3 3.10 3. 17- a fcknKeVs ® 10. a'Ru^s <S>1/«0 ta HO'is. W^O Me u C^K No 3ii GwK, j fcox 3r ® O p 8 p*- strip1 J ^mjU UtanKchs no.i \ •• * a. » " " Mo 1 a.i^- 4 J. 3 3. n. 6. It to ^ \o<U 53 AAvamc*. la-r ftl at 6 3 a. Ctti Y- !> Cc*> ^ e» ^C .S3 1 1 £5* \t ,!5 H3 a* No fc»- GU3 ®' ** 1) pv vcd „T- .n— . ----------, II "Uu. ...tb »M3 »1ybe«.<a>3 dAvAnOL \a0 j*^ C«K<£Coofv> ^/"Hs Ux 3/1 \-OVCr _43.lf.-t" 5"I. lo__•t 1*5 li ^15 I SI ===== 5.53 53 ?ftTt 56 ///18* Involec of one Box of Cloth relirered by George 2sqr 4g©at for the Indian t®f>arts3®®ts to Willlasa Llansrd Rsqr M,lit«ry Agent, for transportation to Albany, ftddr®S5©d to Gftal Gaoseroort sad to be by Ms f©rwny<3«d ngroosbly to tha orders of tho Secretary of far Mprk'd £* mi»tmr*d ss pr Margin 0. S. 1805 U.S. Arsorml 10th Say 180®. St* HaAiffinj GV.c^s Mo. I F Scar\€t C\o«. <32. \3/\0 ? ^ > MvAflOL -3! 3— 1 ta- 2 U) ^ uHas Uue CloH a ^ — 1 O l> t, ... 30 Box <£ /nil I oortify these ar« true copies fro® the originals (Slpiod) Jao ¥11 sos CUc H2..Baftas are a coarse and cheap fabric generally cotton which e -me originally from the Orisnt, but was later made in Great Britain for export* especially to Africa** Samuel Eliot Mori sob mentions baft&s as cotton from India. purchased at Bombay and Calcutta and brought to the United States* Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford^ 1923, 1, 620$ Moiison^ SamuelHSTIo^ of Massachusetts, Boston,, 1B21, 87*88+ Platillas are a kind of Silesisn white linen* ' Dictionary op* oit», YXJ, 987* Booking Baise is a coarse woolen fabric often used for linings or flour coverings* Ibid>, I, 629, 961* Mamoodias probably refer to a plain, fine, muslin from India, the word is given as Majmodis in Ibid», ¥1, 97* Coverlids is a variation of coverlets, these had the small, uniform diaper pattern in the weave* The term diaper table-cloths was used in this period to distinguish the weave from other types* Ibid., II, 1106, III, 318. yyj.When the S«eets sold their rights to the Immnnm tracts .of lend in Western lew York to Sob#rt Morris at Big free in September, 179? j Morris and the United States commissioner, Wadsworth, arranged that the purchase of #100,000 should be invested in the stock of the Bank of the United States and fetid In the name of the President of the United States for the use and benefit of the Seneeas*^ Wadsworth ootild give his consent only if the financial arrangements were made in this way* It was difficult to make the Indians tinder stand a bank* . dividends, and why payments might vary from year to year* fhey also found it hard to comprehend large sums of money and their value* :fhe Indians pictured Philadelphia as a large field where their money was planted and some years the crop was better than other years* They were shown how many dollars filled a cask, and them told how many casks it would require to hold #100,000* Anoth@r/4ay was to tell the Indians how many horses would be necessary to draw the weight of the money* fhe following letter to Parrish at Canandaigua from Secretary Bear bora refers to the return on the stock for 1806 of #S3S0* IV that year the dividends were She amount received by the chiefs was a proper return on the #100,000 investment as the stock quotation was above par at the time of its purchase* probably about 125*® Americm State rapers* Indian Affairs* op* pit** I* 627, Contract ' betwen' Robert Morris m& the Seneca lotion of Indians* 2* Stone* led Jacketi op* clt»* pp*247-48* fona*er# Will Ism "grahwat, Bistory of B^yk W in the United States* {1 of History of Banking* edited by t* Podsworth, HtioU^IS^) p* w Xnox* John Jay .and others, History of inking in the' united States Mew York* 1900, pp. Hol^sworth, ^ohn fhSm ana^WwiyT^IFfTr 3* 56 i fhe First and Second Banks of the -United States* Washington* 1910* wtebes-~—----—-- ^ The quotation for February 14* 1797 was 112 and for January 10, 17#8 - 123* fhe exact date, price*, and charges of the purchase and ||i of discount in the transfer tag of the money are unknown! but 0 or #8.00 per #100*00 share on 800 shares is #6400, md 800 shares at #125*00 each is #100*000* the total investment* Some plan similar to this suggested Mist have existed* it is in line with the known facts® fh@ original purchase price per share was #400*00 and liquidation per share in 1811 #434*00,so the figuring on a #100*00 basis is for simplification* II*a Searterm writes Parrish mentioning the receipt by the- Seneca Chiefs of §6350, the return on the #100,000 paid by Hobert Morris. War Department August 11th 1806 Sir lour letter of the 26th mlt* enclosing the receipt of the Seneca Chiefs for #6380, came duly to hand*. I am respectfully Sir, Tour Ob® Serb (Signed) 1* Dearborn Jasper Parrish, Esqr • (On back of letter) Washintorn Aug 11 War Department S» Dearborn PHBE Jasper Parrish, Ssquire Canandaigua I. B® Dearborn Esqr letter Augt 11th 1806 us:Two years later a letter outlines the plan of Secretary Dearborn for forwarding the Interest on the $100*000 investment to the Sen .eo&& ▼ia Issper Parrish* Mr# Erastus Srsnger was the Indian agent of Western law York and mede his headquarters at Buffalo^ dearborn1 s letter has a reference to him*1 The §6300 is probably the July, ISO? semi-annual . g dividend of and the smm for January, 1B08®" 1* Erastus Granger was impor in the early life of Buffalo where he want in 1804 as f?the aooredited representative of the So^ernment in all political matters/* Buffalo at this time had 16 huts® He was superintendent of Indian affairs for the region, and in September was commissioned postmaster at Buffalo Creek. An express later ran between Buffalo and Washington* D# C* and it was Yia Buffalo that the Western generals in the War of 1812 received their official, instructions* Granger also acted for a while as Surveyor and Collector of the Port of Buffaloe Greek. and, In 1807 he was named a judge of the County of Gene see/when Niagara County w&'s separated frorr, Genesee in 1808, he became a judge of the new county and served until 1817* In 1816 and 1817 he was the taperriaor of Buffalo which was the highest 'office of the town* Many Indian councils were held at Buffalo under his supervision* An outstanding one was in the summer of 1812 to tell the Indians hy the United States md Great Britain were at war® The speeches made at that time by Granger and $ed Jacket were published and composed the first book ever issued in Buffalo* 85Documents and Miscellany/5 Buffalo Historical Society Publications, If (1896)^ 385-86. * ^ 2o itofdsworth and Dewey$ op» eit»» p* 137* //4 •JLOi Dearborn to Parrish eoacermlmr, the Sea eea inveetaent of flOO^OCX) - 1808 Mr® Sramger hawing in formed m© that vou will be in Philadelphia about the 10th Inst® has desired that 1 would forward ycsi lay warrant for 10500 on the Cashier of the Bank US^ on account of the Sari@oa Motion* 1 ha^e accordingly seat the same to !r» Core* on whom you will please to call to reeeire and receipt for it® War Department January 6th 1808 Sir I gua* Sir yours respectfully (Signed) E# Dearborn Jasper Psrriah, Bequire (OB hack of letter) Washington Jan 6 War Department H* Dearborn FREE Jasper P&rrleh* Esqr Philadelphia H# Dearborn Isqr letter Jany* 6, 1808 litJasper Parrish* s duties were varied» The followig latter was written fey William Spring presenting a problem of Indium whit© relations mud of liias property* Spring operated a tmem bearing his name? at iaths on the Cohooton Hirer* about eighteen miles northwest of the Painted Font,1 He addressed the letter to Parrish as Captain Pgrrish* the title refering to his rank in the militia of lew York State in whieh hm kmi fc©an mtiw® since 1?96* T* 0* to Jiajtara,>ln 180% repr-intod Roohoctor» I91& »ftroar-tfae . p* 10*21* t V Latter to P«rt§fi from Will lam i#"Mg> 1803* Bath 24th August 1803- Dear Sir* There la Siren Indians in this neighborhood that has been mmh alarmed by Being shot at the other evening by some hunters (as we suppose) and hare lost their horses which they cant find simee the C iretnetanee happened ~ there is aereral Hunters living in the neighbeurhood of Mmd Greek^ where this thing happened who have allwaiae been opposed to the Indians hunting on their grou&d, hut the Inhabitants here sat able to prove axy thing against them -the people to the Tillage wishes them to hunt and are willing to help them in finding their horses ~ the Bearer east Satisfied without eomeing to mm you and wished seme per soon to write a line of course was willing to Satisfy them and will do fmjthiBg to help them to find ont who has troubled them - I am with esteem &e (Signed) William Spring Capt Parish (On baek of letter) Captain Parish • CmaadalguaGrm^k la m ereek-joining the OohoeteB liver six. milei eontfaeaat of Bath, and twelve miles? northwest of the Painted Post® ■ / Iff! 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Creator: Fairbanks, Dorothy May
Date: 1940
Text: Table of Contents 1® lltil! Zntrodmtiefi - I The Life of Jasper Barrish • 1* II The Iroqmois Confefer&ey &md Other Sfesr-York Indians . 12*. Ill GmrervMst - Imiian Relations 25. letters SfcpA Booimesits with Introductions Annotations Dooi^^est Swfeer WlStSfl 1* Tfe^fcliy PiokeriBg Latter to Pirri^ About.- the Tioga Poifit Moating 29 » 2» Platering to P&rrish About the Painted Post Treaty 32* 5. Piekerimg Instructions to P&rrish About Painted Post Tremty 36. 4* Wastage f^om...
Show moreTable of Contents 1® lltil! Zntrodmtiefi - I The Life of Jasper Barrish • 1* II The Iroqmois Confefer&ey &md Other Sfesr-York Indians . 12*. Ill GmrervMst - Imiian Relations 25. letters SfcpA Booimesits with Introductions Annotations Dooi^^est Swfeer WlStSfl 1* Tfe^fcliy PiokeriBg Latter to Pirri^ About.- the Tioga Poifit Moating 29 » 2» Platering to P&rrish About the Painted Post Treaty 32* 5. Piekerimg Instructions to P&rrish About Painted Post Tremty 36. 4* Wastage f^om Timothyring- to the Six Wations*.. 42 » ItS'S 5« Copy of a Deed of Cessloft by the Seneea l&tieti to Mary Chios Alien, Bate?* July 15, 1791 46♦ 8* Pioneering Motifies P&rrish of His Appointment as M : fiM " Interpreter, ITS2. 61• 7. Parrish Report to Pieke-img About a Meeting of Indians mt Buffalo Greek♦ 63♦ g| Permission Granted to Jasper Parrish, 179B* 67* Quaker Letter firm Jobs P&rri&h at Wiagara to Jasper Parrish, 1795* . 70* 10* Annuity Promised to Little Billy, Senma Chief, 1794 §IS dct 11« John Parrish to Jasper F*rrlah_t 1796f Coaeersi'ng 1 i II ii Quaker Work Imon § the Indians. ??. | : | ■# SIS IS.....Ilik- liH W tiztlA WlfM m m m m >m§ m ® -t w: n $m I o 0 i # 0 m 0$ S rn - I M P m m w 0 <« * ea 1 S? *f m 0 1 ft; . W : Ji ct €t ■M w g © ■ p I Ct » m 1 m w m m W. -A m m m o© t w. I a » . m r* h* o # $ $ q o 0 • ct 0 <L, p m m $ n m p n H H* § lit a" i H p ct O H * # I ** H * : a H 4 § s» i 3. ® g&i o. U o I H* i £ O &. Ct M m $ €* H* J §5 O H i £3U & to M H* a H* i fl$ o # 1 09 sr a Si jxto 01 ii o f : © I m m m a i» o a ^ t q m ® I 1 ii 0 an m o 0 # 01 0 e» 1 |T a ft Ct m o m 0 I m 0 - -1' I- sr a ■ #1'' | # a # ca ## H f ct HI 1 I i * * ■ q a ■ w p - 0. # . Js 1 fe ; ii Jl M 'SI 01 - d-' a |i m ct o W p M -1-. J2T. m M If I .t* I I ttf 0 is ct m m m ct ■ ■ ct- 0 m ct- m - 1 i f t B ^ li: ■ cf; Hi © & it o HI . I tr4 S9 cis 1 i m i ® o o u m m . ii a* w* i m m m m m # 01 p M I M li h».. 12. Original Deed of Somejmtoe of Property to Farv D^l dimesas, 1797 81. IS. !>t2 Certain Omuls Letter to the Seneca Chiefs at Buffalo Creek, 1802. 88. 14 e Oliver Phelps Awards Annuity to Little Beard, 1802, 9S. 15. Address Made arid Signed by Thomas Jefferson, -while President, to Indian Delegation in WasMegton, 1803. 95. 16. Tnstr .'ctions f o •<> the Secretary of "far to Parrish, on Ms Appointment a- SWb-Agent, ISO??. 102. 17, Callender Irwin Letter to Jasnor Parrish, IPOS. 106. 18. Cus.1 19. Invoices of Indian Annuity, 1805. Dearborn Writes Parrish Mentioning the Receipt by the Seneca Chiefs of IS3S0. . . 108. 114. 20. Dearborn to Parrish Concerning the Seneca Investment of $100,000 - 1808. 116. 21. IBs If 22. Letter to Parrish from ' .'illiam Spring, 1809. Letter of General Dearborn to Srastus Gran.v«r, 1812. 118. ' 121. 23. Letter /rittes by Vastus Granger, 1812. 124. 24. Letter from Morgan Lewis to Parrish, April, 1813. 129. 25. Letter from Captain Ridgeway to Parrish, October IS, ISIS. 132. 28. Letter a d Ssolosnre from Genem! Porter to Parrish, 1814. 135. 27. Letter frosu Sdiaand A. Trowbridge to Parrish, 1814V 139. ♦ 28. Letter Written by General Porter at Port Brie, 1814. 141. 29. to] ?'lister Roll of Six Rations in the "ar of 1812. 144.SO * A Coessunteatlea from Depatatlea of t1 a Six Wat ions t0 the Secretary of "ar * « . 151* II* Granger latter to Parrish, 1815* - 166 « 32* Smigif to B&rrish* August, 1818* ISO* 38* Granger to Parrish, Deeesiber,. 1816* 162* M« Letter to Parrish from the Acting Bee re tary of War* March, 181?* 164* 35* Letter to Parrish Written at the Bequest of Ms Indian Poster Mother, 1817* 16?* S6* Scribe fs Copy of 1818 Petition to Present Mgnree hy Indian Chiefs, lmmml$%m* 170* Cirmilar front J® G« Calhoun ta Superintmni^nts and Agents fro Indian Affairs, 18S0* ITS* 9$, teeelpt of #136 Acknowledged fey Tsro ^.rriors for rcpsa Part iB War of 1812. 178. J59* Receipt Signed by Seneca Chiefs, 1821, for $6000• 181* 40, Tmm Kittg*s Receipt, 1821, fo- $100 Annuity 184, DrO - #1* Qaaker Letter from Joseph SDdafeoit to Btrrlftfe* 1822 » 1ST* 42* Contemporary Copy of a Talk Made by the Secretary of "far, Calhoun, to Three Seneca Chiefs, 1823* 189. 43* Copy of Letter frm Turn • rora Chief to the lep^ rtmmtxi , 1825® 195. 44*' S^Terml Indian Chiefs Appoint Parrish as Attorney rst/f for Revolutionary Claims, 1824* 199, 45* Reverend fhompsoii 3* Harris Letter to Parrish, 1826* 202* 46* knmiit Accounting of Goods Bought f mud Receirt of Z7~Q] Chieff? for Goods, 1826* 208*47. G&wbxrioatiim to 'Parrish from the Office of Indian Affairs About the St* Regis Indians. 209. 48« Parrish Answers the Previous Letter frm VeKeisMy on Jamiary 1, 1828* 213. 4t. Instructions from Jasper P&rrish to Ms Sob* Edt-rard P. Parrish, the Irmeiatoa l-rent to It. R#gis. 214• SO* Cef^y of Letter from Jmsp^ - Jhrrish to tha St. Reisis Indians, Delivered %y his 3om. 215 • 51. Sap art of St. Regis Rfsslcm by Parrish to Jasper P&rrish* 52. Cofy of Jasper Parrish fs Report OH th# St. Regis Problem Sefet to Thomas t*. KoKetiney with Eaelcsures* SIS. 5S# Reverend Th.&mp-mn S* Harris Letter to Parrish* 1829® 220. 54. teoeipt of Colonel Pollard for 1100 tenuity, 1831. 222. Impa I lew York, 1788.- the Indian Country. 223^ II l%w York Land Purchases # State Military Tracts* ff7. Ill Reservations im Hew York after 1797 Treaty* 228. IV few York lesenrations of the Six Satioms* 1890. 229. V Preset law York by Counties with Places Located that are Kent limed la Paper.. 230. Bibliography 1 Barri sh Papers. IX . 25 \ » 22 \ *Bs : * Fori Jlor*ts* 211 . X? Articles and Historical Society Pn%lloatioTis» 23^. ¥ Bnof&lepddi* Ariial^t* 2S8* 7T :c , - 1 * v/' 25: .tioir »,I. flie nmm of «ts* er fsrrish is seldom ss&ationed by historian* of Italted St^t#*fyet hSs life his .work were a igs if feasts of hie nearly mwmnty were t{)«&t among the Isutleas of Yark flrirt ; © e«ptiend pJapiai son dur img the Revolutionary Wari Si then III I' servles of the United States OoveritmeBt from If 90 to 4 at the beginning, m mn interpreter iSai efterOS || s«b~sgeirfc a&d interpreter* ?h# papers that are In the group below itrs; origiaelly in his possession mi hmm sitmm been passed ipm 1© his family. Ha addition to revealing mmj aspects f# the official problems #f Jasper Parrish* the •papers contribute informatics to the history of the Six Hations if India&s, of the Stmts of Stw York* and of the United States SoTersment Im4im Jesfter Parrish wee bora in Wimdhsm, Connecticut In ITS? but soon moved with his family into lew York State, at some point across the headwaters of the Pelaware Sivar* On July StI778 Jasper mi father were eapt&red-% t, small group of Mteteys* a branch of the Delaware Indians* Shortly 1* "be Jssper ^writh Papers were presented to the Library of Vassar College fo by | direst descendant, Caroline Towns end Moaks, Class of 1940, f assar College*. ti§ is descended from s daughter of F&rrish who married Peter Towasend, is the fifth generation from Jasper Parrish* 2* In 1822,Parrish either made Botes or dictated the story of his life to some person wrote it- 1 *C0PY* of this is moag the Parrish Papers, the following- end quotations are from the mC<j¥¥n unless other- wite noted*. A almost id emtio el account of his life is publishedf'The story of Captain Jasper Par ri*h% edited by Frank Severance* Buffalo H later teal Society Publications* W(l9dS), 8B7-6S8* The origHsT" «Miy@#rlpt at the time of publication was owned by Mrs® lillim ©orhtm . of Ctsi^ii ipsa, whose husband. was a grandson of Parrish* Included in the published biography ere occasional references to an'account of his itlm Wh° *fndl!d H &M written SS S Mllfltl fc ifplfif of the B«ff«lo Historical Society* It is noted % .. i. * - - - in -1 : . . p. " 01 Mrth ar« t*™ the Stephen Parrish biography. 1.after they ®rrived ©t Cookhouse which is ne&r Deposit, lew York, the father was separated from the Jjjroup and surrendered to the British at Port finger «u Two years later the futher was exchanged as a prisomer of war nn4 ttfesil to his family* Parrish belonged to a Munsey, Captain Mounsch, who left him with 3 / Iisd%m family at Cookhouse for .seme time* During this period Jasper ■Wf?s eppreheneive nft ? t hie c«, safety* In October the eleven year old d apt ive of the Indians traveled with hIs master to Chemung, lew York* Here Jeaper endured beatings from the Indians who were accustomed to make captives rum the gauntlet, that is rim between two lines of Indians and be beaten by them* His master stopped this torture* Soon he was sold by Captain Bouasch to a Delaware Indian family for twenty dollars* With this family he lived on the Tioga liver until August, 17^9* ^During the winter he was verry scanty clad, and his suffering fron both cold mud hunger were verry great** He lived acordiag to Indian, customs end was compelled during the winter to »§ to Siver with two Indian boys and ^Jimi| into the River through a hole in the ice11 for m:* invigorating bracer Si the cold weather* He hunted and fished lliiiil 1 |i IliS SI |1. - • ::? f .' :■ ; ; ; .V. -1^11 ||| |; with the Indians during the spling and sumer«. Jasper seldom heard English spoken, but he acquired an understanding of the Delaware language and was #ble to speak it* When Sullivsn led m Mmrioexpedition into the Indian. Country , in 1779 which laid waste to much valuable land, P&rri&h was left by the Indian' warriors with the squaws, baggage, and a few young Indians* This group tetreated up the Tioga River and was joined at the Painted Post by - the retreating warriors* *The party of Indians who had charge of Parrish 2*!«*! lately took np their line of mar eh westward by the way of Rath* Toitawfrnda and so on to Port Sieg&rft then a British Post11* leer the Fort the majority of the SIk Mat ions driver, from their hom#ii md their provisions burned by thm inTadiag Colonial troops* P^rri&h rm%m4 there about six weeke, narrowly 0 so aping Ming killed by tmo Srmkmm Indiana* Jasper its soli at fart Hlagar* for twenty dollnrs to a Mohawk Indian, Captain Est id Hill, who lived on the plate beloir the Fort* Parrish ws foreed to learn the Mohawk 1.* signage whioh differed greatly fron the than fmlliw Lwlewere* 1 e lired with the Hill family for or®r five years -.a w#11 treated in tttry He Simttd, fiahed»'sad worked with the Indians, but he was steirer asked, to do any work *beyoad his ability or endurance"* At a general ommoil of the Six Satio&s of Indians and the British at Fort llagara in November, 1?80, Captain Hill had Jasper Parrish adopts as n mm amid elaborate ceremony* Yhile Jeaper s lining near ort I lager a he ymmtg " :;io Jones, unother -white bw o&pteired durlug the B evolution*** Jones 1 ived with the S*neem% and in- I iter jbbtb ha and Parrish often iaet in executing Indian builtttMta* Jeeper Mid his Indimt father '»v#d from Fort Ml&g&ra is May* 1781 and with m group of Sohanlc Indians made 0 settlement fit Lewtetom, farther smfth on the II agar a. **#ere Parrish resided among the -hhr^ks in the family of his Indian father md mother until the olotse of the Revolutionary *ar! He of tea traveled with Captain Sill among other tribes and nations astdfaui tlwuys kindly treated* 3* Harris* George B»,*?He Life of ioratio Jcmes11 * 8uffalo HIstoriefel Soc ieatloas IC iCOg) # 424k *2B«On tm® ber tf# I?$4# Jasimr Fmrrieh left le*t*to» by mm ImAimmt '.♦ho rarrvad*re£ hi at Fert Staxarix ftta* Ifce* Oneida to the t w or -» treaty the ihs 1 ited 11 'r at t&at .to $mptmm%mr* ®m®nhmm oM boy* now mt froe f s^arteJ mit to find Mi family frmi whrn* h& Hhl4 not hear€ tertug M-f? eaf&ivtfcy* he f^sd ihaB at Orange Goursty, Wm York*4 had h*<ar<3 tw* Sugliait lastguage so aM b^ar a- totely wmewtetoned to np^t It MmiteXff during so long % that He eantld with difficulty mlt h! f isa/^retoofl nprnnkin^ it so %ro1raa3.y** for silt* momttis of mhmlte h* fuUI aft r Ms rttwt he ^ IF ?ar*irh iiC V. ecn tiwi** Ms in 1784 astd the 1 % *#i#ft % J ir t vtei&tieiied i& ® e&ftor* ?*sr an interpreter Ib 3 TP i* set know** It is posaiblqltfe asms** V it he hud sos^i d aling* with the %tl:|mus daring this rmriod9 or he would met have been thought cpmlified to he the interpreter for the %ited Stat#s Sowrwent* It is »ot daflnltely many Indian lan-prx-er Parrish ngMtaH erne rit^r amtlow ■ that *he mpmk fluently sirs Indian language* msd another th!s#S ©rlsrado Allen writers6 is that Gmftain Farristh efofcti fiTO of the Iroquois 1 asgu&rei fluently* I have noml knowledge p.s to the truth of this elmlmi -Geneve I heard him address the Indlit wis always in the Boh* y tnetanee of Parrife wo^k sho*? that ao-n^r®^-^ naelly with «any Indian % ^JSefc alor ?arris^w is the only Parrlirh in or in OrtmcP y in If90 * this i« J^pb father* + of the , Em^*? r>t Mnillm- ^t th^ First C^rsis of tSe "Trite States f a ken in f^^^^FT^lS"* If^iKI^^^^lWP^OS # ^ f, ^— — — ——™ — S® l«lint tHa JmHaaa, 4 Sfetah of tHe tff^ o^ in Ifite^esMug ftarist^," O&tirio C<^fgfcy GaBaBd^iijua, Tar^ A^ril 16# 189f| tk# ^lippiBg is"^fts-r^f A eepy of ts ussi u^t^d te%t#r to Qghs alio with Parrish Facers - the ritc^r ^tigg^^t© that rs might imt^r^sted is irfsimti^ ^m^tsimfi thereiB® Orlmn.#e# ^Per^OB-^l I^olleetieias of Septal» J^ite.^ ^ Parrish^ mma of the I of ludiam Amsuities 1b Buffalo**1 Buffalo Htstorteal PifeliemtioB^y VI (190?), 541® This artiol# la mfli^f tT^^^s oF^i ^a^r e the Soeiety iB 1SS0 hy 41 leu* It eontains ref^renees to observation^ oi ftnnuit^ v ^ * f abont 1818 to 1MM*. f!?r#pp® ^ tH»*« ir^ mwj l»41ft*tleM tfemt Farrl^i mnd Herafei* Jonas vmll liV^a ' vis* In 17m tlmm two iw>» *mr* i a s^^ -/I- met cf V S*mmn, thm l&n-j situated £n ffts«st mrtlrMMt ^ as the *Farrish fr s^ *J0ne« Tr&oWf? At the mating wfttg tbis 1 ami! was allotted e * o ii^-orprotorsji jftura* -f Srotherf a prw&iMrat X&dlait. 0hisf# fprw ar eloquent spa^jfei *!Phls %Mrlwiftd Amtri#&tt 3e7oltttto& iwio so iirootod by -the Great Spirit atom, to t^ro^ Into our tms tea of jour tnf*nt ahildinm# Jaipur ParHitb and Horatio Joties* "To SM§Opto4 ths& into oar fwilias» mn£ r%\tb«R our eMMm# loved tboit and mwrtnh® tH«*» ♦ At length thm Great Sriirit spofeei to the tMrlvfisA nt?^ it mi ttill*«* Th# p&th of isms opined ear adtoted illiirti l#ft «* to 8 thair r«tl«fcl09S| tito rMdi among us# ais^ promised* if tfcogr wtald return ^ live in our oottntyy* to gfhr^ e mh of t m x M&t of lam- thm ar * thmir ohildrm to sit do&si It -vn r^mmrnA and hnw* 9 for sawral y**rm ba*m 3*rrie©'*b I** as ts int#*w»t*r*« W# still hearts bo&t with &ff«o%ion for th&m* mmd mm ^Imh to fulfill tho promts# m^e rmm>r& that for tbair this ^mil in if omftrMd by th® %mm York f%$mmhly mA 1#<5 in the •WC* tra^tjr bet- ihm S^naoas and 3%at#* fho this i-imrt mil* tot*lod $2*23 for tbo y-itrt 18©6 and 1*0? J® During the of ISIS* Vetted States sol di#rs onoampe:) at thm wmAh of So2ijooJi#% Sre^lr a^d part of jmrm O® ft FS of F^rrish locate- mt tba of that oreetf ^Mlo t^m tfi^y btirmd mils and: f«mo#s t# % balow bnt In thm f&rrtrh Pmtraeordu of 1^*23 taJt s for in thm mnntj of tmm of ! m A -ril 2# ta^m tf ^ofers to % ditrisicm of fc^o S mPB Coimty# lator fro^ it* In M^roh, Iff08# Wia^mra 0onntj split off fr« County, 1b 1821 lri# Goiarety semratad Magsrm Comity • fn«'> pr#s#?it "rie G^j "ty probablv to t1 ' ti?tff Of -ri# oi^d in 1808 RV! 1B0? S40 mr^ • ^ere Fmisklim B^ Smr-tta^r of Stmte gf few Idrk, f# 448#to keep warm.9 The Conjochetv Creek flows into Lgke Erie in the nor then part of present Buffalo, whih corresponds with the location of the "Parrish Tract." In 1815 the Senecas desired "to present to J asper Parrish, Esq., their interpreter, as an acknowledgement of his many services to them, a small island called Squaw Island (in the Niagara River)} containing by estimation one hundred and fifty acres.*10 It was arranged that Parrish should receive the land through a purchase from New York State at two dollars per acre. Parrish was very active in an official capacity at many of the significant treaties of the period as some of the documents among the Parrish Papers reveal: the treaty at Tioga Point in 1790; the meeting at the Painted Post in 1791; the treaty at Canandaigua in 1794, which outlined Indian agreements, clarified rights, and was the last important treaty with the United States; the 1797 Big Tree Treaty involving the sale of vast Senega land to Robert Morris}^* the 1802 land sale agreement between the Senecas and a group known as the Holland L&nd Company; the 1802 treaty between the Senecas and New York State involving the sale of a mile-wide tract from Buffalo Creek along the Niagara River to Fort Schlosserj^^ an 1805 treaty with western Indians;*3 and the 1815 treaty between the Senecas and the 9. The Creek was named for the Conjochetv Indian family who lived near its mouth, but it became better known as Scajaquada Creek. The document mentioning this land (no. 80, not included below) is an 1819 certification by an army officer that troops had encamped on and damaged the property of Jasper Parrish. Johnson, Crisfield, Centennial History of Erie County, New York, Buffalo, 1876, p. 117. 10. State of New York, Messages from the Governors...1683 to...1906, edited by Charles Z. Lincoln, Albany, II, 857, 857nl Governor Daniel D. Tompkins, February 22, 1816, to the Assembly. 11. Kanpler, Charles J., editor, Indian Affairs, Laws and Treaties, Washington, 1904-1913, II, "Treaties", 10WZ ™ ~ 12. "Story of Parrish", loc sit., pp. 536-37, note by editor. Fort Schlosser was on the Niagara River between present Lew^ston and Buffalo. 13. Parrish as an interpreter signed the JuM, 1805 Treaty with the Wyandotte, Ottawa, Chippewa, Munsee and Delaware, Snawnee, and Potawatomi at Fort Industry on the M^ami River. Some of the Six Nations considered attending the treaty and probably did so accompanied by Parrish. American State Papers, Indian Affairs,via^*,iwt**, 1, 702-03; Kappler, op. cit.,II, 7 7-78.St* in fftloh tfe# Wiias aold th- islands in the I lag art Hirer far If ♦l©G0#0O and a t500*00 perpetual mmtstity* Pmrrisk is often metiosied as present at eottnsils of the lad lams® The duties of Jaipur Parrish were ma^ ani Yniri#d# farti#ularlj lie assamd the duties of 1&* smb-agent to the Six latioaa in 1303 in addition to being fa interpreter to titem* His salary at m sub-agent was noted 3a 181® as #450*00 a yenr with additional to^ for his subsistmm®* flOOaOOi sis yearn late it is watiomed m |§00*00 pirns an added fee for tsrri^g as 15 interpreter* the pgr^semt of mmmMlmm to Hie Indians was am important duty of Parrish mi a significant event in the Indian year® The annuities wmm paid 16 from several nonrenal The United States from 1792-1794 allotted |XSOO*Q0 to the Six Hations* and after 1734* |4&00*00| the United States bees trustee in 1797 for Seneoa aoney from land sales and paid the interest to •fee Seneeasf Sew fork State, paid annuities to the Senmm* Cayugas* Gnondapeii and Oneidas for land sessions! and prirate individuals paid the Indians for lamI sales* Sot- all of these were paid at the stone tis&e* bat most of them were paid in the early sunner at Buffalo* at least in the time of Orlando Allenfs reoolleetion* about 1818 on* Allen describes the arrival at Buffalo of the two distinguished looking wm# FarrUfe. mA Jones* *ho took charge of paying the mmnitim® insuring that tke money ms properly distributed among tibe band® of Indium ami settling with the wmn aisployed to repair iiapleiaents tM guns of tlie Indians* These tiro mm were the medium of ®mmmi®mt%m betmen tfe* 14* *f Story of FarrUfe** loe* sit*, p» S3?* note by editor* IS* Ayr ipsa State PmprsT^^^ Affairs^ 11* 31* 163* 365-68* If® aTISTTSI aiC * plIPH 17* Mo F!>* 540-S44*Indians^ and the governments of the United States and Mew York State* The Indians of the various groups collected at the Seneca Council House. After nitny days were spent in meetings, in making accounts, in auditing claims, the money was divided p,er capita among the Indian chiefs and head men who had the numbers of their groups notched on sticks* The goods and implements were apportioned according to need* In turn the chiefs and head men distributed the money and goods among the mothers who represented their families* In contrast to the informal, friendly manner of Jones, Parrish assumed a more business like attitude with the Indians at annuity time and mingled little with them* Parrish1 s influence among the Six Nations was great; his word was law to them and yet he was always a friend and protector* Throughout his work among the Indians he had an attitude of helpfulness and genuine interest in the welfare of the Indians. "He was rertj desirous to civilize the Indians by inculcating among them habits of industry and instructing them how to cultivate their land, and by endeavoring to impress them with the use of property and the value of time."He was interested in the efforts to Christianize the Indians. In an interview with a missionary in 1821 he said that their aims for the Indians were the same, tending to 19 make them happy and prosperous* The Indians often visited Parrish at his home in Canandaigua, the county seat of Ontario County. The town was described in 1809 as consisting of "one street extending from the lake. It containfedj 20 from ninety to a hundred frame houses,..." A son of Parrish mentions 18. "COPY", loc. sit.f 19* "Journals of Rev* Thompson S. Harris," Buffalo Historical Society Publications, VI (1903), 289. 20. T. C. "T Hide to Hjagara in 1809, pp. 12»13, reprinted Rochester, 1915 from July to October, 1810"issues of the Portfolio.that Mis father would apend hours talking with the Indians nh0 called os him 21 both socially mi for bctiiiiass*, After hi a death* soma of the One Idas and Onondaga® ontinned their visits to to see his children and graaah» 22 0fcildr#mi these Tisits continued until abont 1887* Ja,aper Parrish served as sub-agent for -fee United Status imtil September* 1829, when I© turned ever the public records of the snb-agency to Juatms im^ 23 gersoll* hit accessor* He had been informed on *luly 31st of Ingersoll9* appointment* but none of the letters exchanged at this time between Parrish and the Department of War gacre my reason for his removal* Hciwerer* a letter from Ing#rs0ll to Thomas L* McXemey* Commissioner of Indian Affairs* 021 September 9,1829* revealed that Parrish had been unpopular with certain chiefs of the Six Natioms* Some of the chiefs had made complaints about Parrish in 1822 at a Tonawanda Cornell* but an investigation of the charges by the government showed that they were unfounded* fhe Semeeas similarly coiaplained In 1825 and were answered by Calhoun* toe Secretary of War* fhe aotual reason for his tinpopularity among soma of the ehiefa is not Parrish1 a efforts to encourage civilisation among the Indians were 24 often thwarted by the eloquent chief* led Jacket, who was among the complainants in 1825® There ia no indication of &ay definite move by led Jacket to have Parrish ousted* but it is very probable that this famous orator played mm important role* Little is known of the unofficial life of Jasper Parrish apart 21* Allen* loe* ait** p»554* Selated to Allen by Edward Parrish* a son of Jm^F^Fmflmm 22* Hamlin* loe* ait* Setter* fersom ®»* Acting Chief* Division of Inference* the Mational Archives* Washington* D*C* Letter April 10*1940 to Dorothy M® fairbassk® 24® ^Ccjy1** loc* ait*apart from his captivity, but a few of the documents among the Parrish Papers^J)ut not included below]reveal some of his other interests* He served in the Mew York State Militia for some time: there are records of his appointment as Cornet in 1796, and Second Lieutenant in 1797 in Captain Thomas Morris1 Troop of Horses in Ontario County, and of his 25 appointment as Captain of a Troop of Cavalry in 1800* He and one other man signed a description of the Town Line of 26 Canandaigua in 1799. Parrish paid a duty of two dollars in 1815 for owning a "two wheel carriage, called a Chase."*'7 The First Congregational Society of Canandaigua counted Parrish among its members; there is an 1811 receipt for the " sum of Ten Dollars in full for his subscription." He was highly respected in the town and was a Director of the Ontario Bank located there, A letter of introduction from a bank official records that Jasper Parrish is "one of our Directors, and one of our 2 9 most wealthy, and respectable Citizens/1 Parrish married a daughter of General Edward Paine of Aurora, New York, a Revolutionary officer who founded Painesville, Ohio^in 30 1800* u They had three sons end three daughters? the sons were 31 Stoohen, Edward, and probably Isaac; and the daughters were Carrie, who married Ebenezer S. Cobb,52, one who became the wi/e of William W* 25* Parrish Papers, nos. 15, 19, 26* 26* Ibid,, no, 24, 27* Ibid,, no. 71. 28* IbidT, no* 54, signed by Nathaniel G or ham (Jr.) 29. Tbid*, no. 96* 30. "Story of Parrish", lac. sit., p. 538. Editor8s note, Stephen Parrish Menuscriptj Shaw, William Bristol, "Byron Paine," Dictionary of American Biography, New York, 1934, XIV, 145. SI. Parrish Papers, nos. 55, 60, two receipted bills submitted to Jasper Parrish for the tuition of Issac Parrish at Canandaigua Academy in 1812 and 1813. 32. Ebenezer Cobb was lost on the burning of the S.S. Erie in Dunkirk in 1841. He left at least one child, Carrie Cobbb Draper, "Story of Parrish," loo. sit., pp. 527n, 538, editor's notes/ 10.Ocr m# t «o» tf V, nial ^ », Jr,35 arul a * tc« 4 fc*r \ rr%th lied &% Camilla if a on Jtaly 1853 , *t « • of sittYMtla® ymm tmr mmttm* W# is bu "in <1 in §mmmdmmgym CU ' Hig rife foll^i? ;; r^f. " 5 Imrm p®r%mit Of Wi 4b "wtario Oo rfe (knumtotigmu Sfffs* net*** T^y mm* fttlHm SwVsS of Smmm^lftm* to llw its t^e Tg^w^tv* Wmm® mt 3ovithfl*X4*# Suit ymrkw ml ii was 1b thl» hous* that of J&spe = Ffcrrtih** few % ^robtbly the group git^n to Y*8«r I rnwMmmmi by fctai gentian of t?t& -ill letter *arrishf military letter to Vrm_ s# loo, sit** ^-S^ » ""'V pars, m M13 rmr^imrmrx the >*ta&» of Sfre* Jailer i» June WW by k*®*Brfstol for aw'-lwl tm^t in '-vriXi l^Sfm It ms by Her e<m# T^rri&h* tu11 lie m a of ish has been linked sever** 1 ^r 4 th o| 1 - s f . f 4 ; ;r ' : . ^, • ci ' ie . : # r ^f 1fit, >tyia**s* ' T?h# Xre&ttola ^ k < v i "fce -: n >t 11 ii m 0 r-\se 11 « o** ^ ^o f i n^t no • o tleo s re% * fo* - eir tolitlaal D^^ntt^tlen Iwto a for the nollt$M& iroT*F*mey gained throgh h® IntsferaMoi) af the far th* military snprita&ey h re to : t - • ifcars t f by m vit o i e nj nst TtHifiis ?retip*» They plmpH a vital p >*t in the tegllah French eosifllot for eoloniml power # wwre £i* orient in farmtag a tmr-ier to eolonial settlementf they fm^-t 1b the ' coition ami the • v*ar of Tim Iroquois - rersi-«gricultural feo~Ist firming* roving* huvtriw % ?warring* They lived in villages jmlt«ded for "everal ' ill**® live long.* reot&ngul&r houses of hark that str*i#itMH over «oo'?en polasi the houses were e fifty 1 e eighty ftoet long* laeh natlm •■-ms divider! into three or n©r# elan or families* f t'-mt prssest in mil gratao* ** re the Turtle s the Bear* and ** * 'elf* ' 'b Indian halong«' to the elan of his Wothar hut nmrr S'?* He i o rani . i ^il inol i 'es t^i ' esl^t^f thow ^^ ^r^^nt^c! are Imn t-ie tmrm ^Iroquoi^11 1 m n®®4 ra^ ' |irehAnmet H^jtr^l^^ and Tlnron^ in 1%rths t 0 C'larolr^^ in t.H# and •lottm^my and in the Seutheaat ill belosfa^ to t* e Iroquolmri fttr^lly* I • ®Iroquoie<*# >^/oiormedi .^it/^toa$ 14th #^itlonf SI e-^T^rk* -yII# 38 IlaTsey ^^ra^es ' thit ing $ "The 61 d To rk Tro^jm m »3«14-180Q» Yer^* 1910* : .11^ — , %%% -:lm%vf mm ?ha o fch \M#ri0mm Indi^nw* Hev T#t%* {%iithsenian ieieBiffiee ^es, WfT^, 40# Col^«»* Cad nllader* ffce History of 1 ve ludiaB ^atlcma of vfti^h are o 190CT^nr-xvf* " ' " w r# the r^^r, imrmt§ mmA i i " ■ a . ' k ^ nn 0 af ?oeheeter • ^fr^itfl^n of 'her elm* % Inmri mm of t m crwra mi great*4* they r » * i o? Amines* ^riml^l fa. m offeara, the orders *>f 1 > * hkw mon n* - * € *m i; * ^eatalok removed b a at«§» lit authority* for ti. we® n it rjhe* jan that for & *hlef* l*o t^e mmmhi neramt-ed 1? civil law* 4 ay had a pri Ho; a of their \ r 1 v rs a > no r ce of *>e$ h^^hm "jjpMtas of os ami each ^ian crf" warrior* its &tlea as fi t3 into the plat* of attache* Their fremt#tit < rfarei m Am t" fva objeel of great fear ^ a to *y aaat of the Vle^lMlpfi Coldex*, writing in t^e 1ft-rhtmmtti eratttry* »<vfc*d feh&t ell tha surrounding nations striae ive to the Xresnoia and paid m^rui 4 tHftutee to 1 %a*« hey fought for t^e gJory of --ar and were ty «ts ? t flare*at an* most foml'-'ahl* in ^sttHtaa* \ : & — ^ 1 li' t©5 uell o*m he ftis c^w-ive * " l^eir oowjwsta carried them ^ron Hla? tie to the '*l*Msei i l?*r* ar.d from t he It* to t^a Tanner «ee 51ver«** "ft^i- ^irsuitsg thalr angles -with *S&pl*oah3a relenttessaes?** they tortured their ^rlmmrs *with the utmost lngannlty cruolty*lf4? fhe prlasttftre vmrm fmmm be the gaunt!afe* as! the? aubjtoa ad to further ill tr®ntr*Bnt$ 9mm mi^d mngr ndor^tiH by 41« X, irr-M 1 rmr^er, '^tip^B te?f» loo» sit * ^Q'^TjaH^ 41 # ' ' TkvK^f0 loe41 # 44o Of.* w^rT^T" 4S* IVi-U, : — 45 # # f^^le lea*se of the or lromoie# edited an! a^ootefj......My^SbH^TS^ tork, I'^M. r * ItBti SjtOB, llCTOrtil^.....0d ' nn*!! Saw 1919, IS.families who often had lost a relative. The origin and early history of the Iroquois is shrouded with mystery and explained by a variety of theories* Champlain in 1609 met a group of Iroquois on the lake now bearing his name* In that year an attack was made by the French and the Herons on the M0hawks. this was a n basis of extreme and bitter enmity of the Iroquois toward the Huron and their Indian and white allies*49 When the Europeans discovered the towns of the Nations there were many evidences of long occupation and 50 to this same conclusion point the conflicting traditions* T^e League of the IroquoisC>r the Iroquois Confederacy) which has been referred to was the distinctive feature of the organization of these Indians* T>,e League's beginnings are obscure and writers vary, but they agree that it was founded by 1570®^ Some believe the League began with all five nations participating^ according to the tradition about its founders, Hiawatha, a Mohawk, and Dekanawida; while others believe the League evolved over a period of years with only three or four of the nations cooperating to withstand common enemies* Arthur C* Parker's * 52 outline of the early history of the League is the most acceptable. trine* Hiawatha and Dekanawida founded the League of the Five Nations: which a had been led to closer consolidation by the pressure of the Huron and Algonkin enmity* The original Confederacy was of the Five Nations, for the Tuscaroras did not leave North Carolina for New York until the early eighteenth century; when they were admitted to the League it became the 48* Colden, op. cit*, I, xxvi-xxvii* 49* Parker, "Human 0c c up an t s,w loc* sit*, pp* 33-35* 50. Stone, William Leete, ftlW^Jgt,^ f For some of the conflicting traditions ena opinions on the origin of the Iroquois, see Morgan, op* cit*, I, 4-6, II, 187—91* 51* Kroeber, loc* sit*, p. 684; Stone*TSA35djfc op* cit*, / «117-19, 119n* Morgan, op* cit*, I, 4-6, II, 187-191* --— u 52* Parker, "H^man Occupants/ loc sit*, p. 27. 14*- n t*i ^ these " > <?il w« imrteJ i i i hol^ a *-r fi:,^ He*e if^ry e^eh -Its * fits im- * fe m a title. 3o*tIt * ere ml Heir t the MMiiffi xllV rre„ a nour the oefcter ef the feme* of the *»?# tribes. Owr*! *t Oamdtca »»e*e «mll«4 tite-it m mt er e>? -a ten?e the *hele* or a matter sa »erio*aa bat * 2 itleB ^iifee *<*r|e* ^iftrt maoMng a ^he \ tHe Bost faster** irilr©, tbe nf tH^ottfe<**rMy- mtll • a ^ eatatlea* \ writer in 1771 m their *iedezr£* ^ b —I . Fiel4p f a ohm^znj^lc*4« r- mr^r «te etb-r tb#$ ehtah tbey preii€?nm to this day.** the IMt&wkn generally t*k» the lemd*?tS4 The tftftaefee tbe storm fecr tihlle t**e 5enaeie mrff: ibe witin; door of the : ftetiee* *ae the territory mm*pie by Mr prlaelpa rmgm of twi eel led*11 5S It th# ef *he goarding mites to judge the hqpertaaee of the lmaS»e*a brought to the* % otber nations?* rn^ort all iwaaioBf! sut oelleet tribute for region* the long limee s telle was mimt^iieii bo iti^r eeeld bo eereldere ly the C-tyu^ "nouiaga^ o# mtio t imlees it had oo^ie ftoen gg thm or Vetrarire*' To thOmm&M$>® Tillage Imti reeds frtm tbe » - " rill - emmoil at ^is ueeelly eon«ide-o s^it^ere lon> ei nfmlly* - mmt® vote - ry ;ropes J, 1 ^ Meit of ^^ fim ^ tiugla a Pew** to >t« of |if tart prsTtll, ^ Sot w&s their orator:/ but their 51U , jetg<et * gpj 0it«? pr ^ • nglisa ^wori^l Soaoerfiir^ tlie lr0qn&U«»«in the Frovxn-^ of Yerk**am#* the Ilirt*^ ef the State ef fortes % s.B^O ^ai^hair^^r IS,diplomacy was distinguished by tact and wisdom. The military power of the warriors of the tribe was subordinated to the civil power of the sachems. Officially, the League was one of peace^and war was outlawed. The sachem was committed to this policy, and had to resign his position if he fought. The military chiefs were chosen by the CO warriors, and though respected for their prowess and thus for their opinions thev were sometimes reminded that the sachems were superior in civil affairs.^9 Writers agree that the Iroquois rose in power and influence markedly after the formation of the League. The League reached its height at the end of the seventeenth century and the beginning of the eighteenth century. The Nations dominated by force most of the watershed of the Great Lakes: "Never very numerous, they reached their commanding position by an incisive and unexcelled diplomacy, by an effective political organization founded on maternal v blood relationships, both real and fictictious, and by an aptitude for coordinate political action, all due to a mentalitv superior to that of the surrounding tribes."60 When the Dutch were in New York (1615-1664)^the Iroquois were near ing their height, they held a position of authority. There was a friendly feeling between the Dutch .and the Iroouois, the Indians supplying fur to the Dutch in return for fabrics and firearms.. The two groups traded at Fort Orange, now Albany. The series of conquests. 58. Parker, "Human Occupants,", loc sit., p. 28. 59. Stone, ........Times.....-al^S-a^gc - ye-wa t- ha. c* Red Jacket, p. 2317 Cornplanter was" toTd7~at the lf94 treaty at Canandaigua that he was only a warrior, not a civil ruler. 60. Hewitt, J. N. B. "Iroquoian Cosmology," Bureau of American Ethnology, Twenty First Annual Report, 1899-1900, Washington, 1903, p. 133. 61. Morgan, op. cit., I, 9 16.-■I; , ' ,-.<ly s^rvis \ ;v v o * it fchi s pericr - ; ' by 1650 .me Bgrtm s* ztlmmnt tmm,im>&§ after a -r! ftfct&e*** % MM tb SFentral* Srie fcllW " iS ? ^ef^takU tribes wm liwritl^ tB1 mrtf o 3 b? t* ? Ire refAtt*** their lasses• fti# tNiteh profited by the friendship of Irequeds mi wmrrn If; t-e Bagl* to tifamt t*m pro*** ewn na - imw t&^t* iron! ^Tro^neis1® tw^Mtroeid to 1 * erne of terror to w » Slsperse nr mh^mgntm^ about 1670, ana lars* territory lit 0fti**<*& tmV^m Vf tT 0 Is&<nat$£0% the Illinois < in %hc ; 1'f0 % in 1720 i^kmr^i 64 uVsItteS to ' * fmmr of the Ctatf* ■ By I TOO the FifH Battens hmA svbdiae nr/J • 13 ir no ImI subjection 11 th* p^i^eiIndian Katians ir* present fork* Femisjlwsi^* J^ Dol^-cre* 8*ryls.nd» fart of Ytrgini*, Ohio* Indiana » Ytehlgt * KentttfAy* Mrfchern ^witstf^ fmrt 65 of HHmet s* p-tri of He; Sngland* and the mmi -botio of CtemtJa* ISe a . lish colonial author!tin? o i -isortanee of Iro*tt«l < frli? sMp, wid r ny efforts to ^riti muS retain their fitff^ Throng** p a «tt'- nrnl ew^stist of ■ friendship trsfcrefam* and ec . - r the t *fin ' ? ^ ot) miy questions of ^blSe mfffcltnu f"" itch tr^eoMpreKilsing and i ^h^rnK^ mr^ltz- r { Im^f^m* f^^ Prmnmh ^rie a polioy of « " r; Ice, r11*, W?4| j£Q# slt»» pp. a it ? 1# S4<i Xro^b t r sit r y p® 5S® 2# m* ThU»$ m* TSf^r^ i# 15-^1 Ifl«tti*l^tl©B rattier tha*» frtw*sfhip* ?h» rial* fu tftlf mi «t et&ke* the pee«ee*l*tt3 on X*lce tlm St* Uirr^nm ^^Tvr s® preteotfe** the eHiptteafe of mini tHe Xreqsele ir^^rBrlttent ra iHe gro n7n this I-^ism Leegue* . ^t^t efelefly the fi «*1 ave^.Vorw of her • :ni flee fit a&He&ee of s©Ionization 1b the north rn part of k^mrlm ^ u thus E^a XrtiMgM&s feme ' m ml.mble buffer territory* the *> fNtaee froet 1760 to the ti © of the tearl^B "R- Toliitlcm* Twe Six %ti0Bt a premie* to th-a Sri tl fit in Ctaefa an^B the aoloniitsi as the *f^e*ehed« efuftt gre-p re*-tinmA f^-s Importance of tMi group of Xndien* end m^a matrons Of efffc t to %ir -nlr elt^iTh** Vv mm n^^rm^hmM the through the blandly Steat&ridg* Xix)l*ne, aui m the mA Hrfcland to. s the eaosj* nfeere Ha lTt 1*775 a of I^-itii pla-fwt their netttnrfltgp s. meting at Alh&i^r* British offort > *er** got tig o**# 1b 1775 Colonel Guy £ tenses £ t^rm of the to Csrtwuku The Sentimental tv>e Xr*?He» to fea memtrml* r-e 3 ItiA urge thei* to fl ht» X* Jiusutry, 1TTT thm ®,nmi.*mt eouaeil fire %t 'a ms extinguishedi tfee I^a^ue eovel^ not m,n& m TO hm\ ro part in tH# The Sitere ^per i t ^Hmwks and at ^Imt ^iTid 4 feit for ffti^^f e^u^tif ^lile tha O^eid^e ^nd fumnr&rmn trtm4 to 111,, I# 11, o?^ Vp* 149-154. ^o. cgTH^ l, it, ir-is. 18,In mm^ml tat may fmght m ttide* JIJi#iji lifi • " - - Brititli . 23G tli# tawtfm**^ ' #'f tJm IStfMf§.i Ifr* ft® 0#l#mistf mm %m a&ferStat* • silssifenry '-/v.:;. tfc* of Bmmmi ««« tsi fti^ting* ifi« ^mjuritj fl^ttnf #t# Brill^h mum mm «*t» 41gtt*»« item Th* 1778 lifliy 9^&mmrm ma «i minly %gr %%# Seme as, tilt wvte fa t^a imllny w*«i iC otfc«r 'bm*A®r frays tfcp to in**«jUm msii! o; tlm 1. "vv Cc«mtry **4»«» fl«I&9«a im D&* fawn* rmtted thm frm t%#i;r hmms mm£ wt th** in t# F^rt If*gar** ftllffif^-i h®m®n -mm r%dwd ffelia TH# XMIM* Mtt#i% m*r§ ^itfe ## of the Brltl^ ^gV* rwmims tMa ill cm eeleni^l fMtettag fhs 78 Belieliiirie Sil f^Heye* fto m&imwhllm mfft*r®4 r^r: s fr« fif^tin^ for i^e AaMrleane, fiwfci tantlag of their vitlagto -i r- British m^sS ft . " . * - ; : 1 : From 178© -1782 tfegjf llw - in mm* Select* dy er iilly in 4istrlotf in lf$t to 'tat w to filiilli «tt#m sM start life Ozmi&ag T*s«*r0r*« tori tmlt*- im Iff® for mttxml promotion mm mmtrmllty$ mm tm&h for thm Mmnrlmnu mm mwl4mom* W mm tsmmlnvlmimg if fsmr ffti op* 509^11 # ts* mi:, ^ tsi-si^ w John %omtim0 %# Que^tioBe the ^ ^ Ifetorieml Soeie^ Selle^lle^^ TV, <1798St, 77 captains and eight lieutenants among them. By the end of the War, all of the tribes had suffered^and desolation prevailed on the frontier. After the War, ,fthe political transactions of the League were substantially closed. This was, in effect, the termination of their political existence. The Mohawks had abandoned their country and n q moved to Canada where they were granted land. 17 They settled on the Grand River in present Ontario>and near Kingston further north. Joseph Brant was their outstanding war-chief ^ and his sentiments were strongly pro-British. This nation had been the keeper of the eastern door of the Long House and known for the warring abilities of its members. The Stockbridge Indians emigrated from Massachusetts about 1785 80 and founded New Stockbridge, New York^on land given them by the Oneidas* about fourteen miles south of present Utica. The Stockbridge are thus inluded in the New York Indians with whom Parrish was concerned. They were remnants of the Mohican Indians who had lived on the Upper Delaware and the Hudson Rivers until 1736vwhen they moved to present Stockbridge, Massachusetts. Many of them fought for the Americans during the Revolution. At about the same time that the Stockbridge Indians settled in New York, the 0 - e id as gave a tract o^Land twenty miles south of Oneida Lake to the Bothertoyfn Indians who moved there from their towns in 81 Connecticut and Narraganset. Their settlement was about eight miles below the Stockbridge, so these two groups and the Oneidas lived near to each other. 77. S tone,tiMmn Uete, Lie ifesgft a,, Mtiu ^K, \* 3 ^o k \ 78. Morgan, op. c it., I, ^7-26. Ibid., I, 28-29; Halsey, op. cit.,pp. 317-19. 80. Kirkland, loc. sit., p. 69s Stone, Brant, op. cit., I, 56-58; "Stockbridge1', Encyclopa? dia Britannica, 14th edition, XXI, 418 # 81. Kirkland, loc. sit., pp. 67-68. 20Another group of Indiams lived in Mew York Stat#ymd are mentioned in sOTer&l of the letters below, hut never allied with the Six lationss the Saint Regis* They were m Iroquoiaa tribe from Quebec mho settled, in 1760,in a Tillage now partly in Franklin County, lei? fork and partly in comes from a Jesuit mission founded anion em, Saint Francis Regis* They were neutral during the Revolution, but were divided in the War of 1812* A great number of them have long been Roman Catholics* There is a wide variety of opinion concerning the numbers of the Iroquois tribes at different periods. There is agreement that the Seneeas were the largest group at the time of the European, discovery and have remained IIS so. Two writers state that the League,from the time of its formation to the American Revolution;probably never numbered over 15,000 members.8^ Parkman is quoted as saying that it was only 10,000 to 12,000 at its height*85 A report for 1796 shows the total slightly below 4,000 f6 am official return of Parrish in 1818 gives 4,575; blend the total in an 1825 report is just over 5,000.88 The Mohawks were in Canada by 1796,as ware most of the Cayugas who felt the pressure of the white population, the numbers of the tribes by the 1796 and 1825 estimates respectively were: Seneeas, 1780, 2325 f Oneidas, 628, 1096* Onondagas, 450, 446j Cayugas, 40,90* Tuscaroras, 400, 253j Stoekhridge, 300, 273? and Brotherton, 150, 360. 82. *Saint Regie/ "Saint Regis Indians/ The Encyclopedia Americana, lew fork, 1937, XXI?, 167-68. - -—- 83. StomJgStTfcKAoB* olt., 105. 84. Halgey, op. cit*, pp. 15-16; Morgan, op* cit*, II, 26-28, section by editor Herbert" M*. Lloyd. 85. Morgan, op. cit*, II, £26-28, section by Lloyd. 88. Belknap, Jeramy and Morse, Jedidiah, "Report of a Committee who fisited the Oneida and Mohekunuh Indians in 1796," Massachusetts Historical Soe ?ety Collections, ? (1798), 23. — --- 87 * to the Secretary of War of the United States, on Indian Affairs * * 71820, " lew"'gaVea/......1 83. s» TSTdXan Affairs, 0£* cit., II, §4§. the province of Quebec. They speak the Sohawk language ) 82 Their nam 21*These numbers are contestable,but they give a rough idea of ,the . relative sizes of the groups* The role of the Iroquois in the early history of present United 89 States was very important* They were a decisive factor in the withdrawal of. the French' from the region east of the Mississippi,and in saving the territory for the English* Moreover, their resistance to the penetration of Europeans hemmed in the American col&nists against the Atlantic seaboard.which was a basis for unity among the settlements. 89* Parker, Human Occupanta» loc« sit,, ' pp* ■ 48-46* 22111. In considering the history of the Six fat ions of Indians there has been only brief mention of the American government policy which must be understood to appreciate later ©Teats* ^The Indian - problem was not new * • * the tribes were in possession of valuable land, their trade was th? cause of much rivalry, and their warlike abilities SO made them very formidable* From 1775 on, the colonies tried in many ways to gain th** friendship of the Six I at ions* In June of that year at the suggestion of the lew York Provincial Congress, the Continental Congress took the initial' steps to establish a continental Indian Department Three Indian Departments were set up, Horthern, Middle, end Southern* The * chief aim of the Continental Congress during the first year of the war was to maintain the neutrality of the Indian tribes** In the late summer Congress sent a message to the Iroquois explaining . the disagreement between the colonies and the English, and strongly urging neutrality* In June 1776, Washington was 2.d%ov\ Zed. "to> onfWt^ Indians 92 in fighting whenever it was deemed necessary* Some Oneidas, Tuscaroras, and Stockbridges did fight for the colonies* Prom 177© to 1779, Indian affairs were in charge of a Congressional Standing Committee which had changing personnel* ' In the latter year the duties were transferred to fee Board of War* In 1777 end 1778, Congress appropriated #10,000 to be used in the lorthern Department for goods to preserve peace and for goods to open trade with the friendly Indians of the Six lations*9® Attempts were made with little success to carry on trade at Albany and Schenectady where trade had started three years before, and at Port Stanwix* 90* lohr, Walter Harrison, Federal Indian Relations 1774 to 1788, Philadelphia, 1953, p. YZ ' 91* Ibid*, pp* 28-35* 92* Ibid*, pp* 38-41* 93* Ibid*, pp* 180,'184* 23The influence of Brunt and the British officers was great in winning many of the Iroquois to the British side; it was very natural that the Indians should fight for the ling with whose people they had always had friendly relations* Their friendship was vital to the English fur trade. the Sullivan invasion of 1773 covered the Lake region west to the Senesee liver and the instructions of Washington were oarried out that there should 94 be no pesos until the Indians were severely chastised. That winter the Six fattune were dependent on the English for supplies, and there was much suffering. When the Articles of Confederation went into effect in 1781 tho ninth article gmve the United States the power to regulate trade and manage the affairs of Indians and denied the power to the members of a state.95 this provision did recognise the legislative power of the states. In 1781 Congress established the principal of pre-emption later expounded In a Supreme Court deo is ion: that European nations who discovered land had the privilege of extinguishing the Indian title to it, and that individual bargains with Indians were null and void.96 the Six fattens were not mentioned in the 1785 Treaty of Peace* Their fate wis undecided. The legislature of lew fork seriously considered expelling the Indians from the State; border attacks and cruelties had 97 been too frequent* The Indians made peace overtures to one of the Commissioners of the lorthem department. General Sehiayler, in 1783, but he was hampered by the lack of any Congressional policy.98 Se was opposed to my continuance of the war in m effort to drive the Indians 94. lbid.# pp. 7980* 95. Ibid*, pg. 178-77. 96* IgMe, fp.lfi2. 97. ¥€one# led Jacket, op, cit., pp. 127-28. 98. Mohr, opm Vit», i>p* 24.beyond the country*s borders! it would be expensive and also ruinous to the fur trade. ®#org# Washington agreed with Schuyler" and outlined the bases of a peace treaty* " the surrender of all prisoners, lie announcement that Indian territories had been ceded to the United States by England hut the United States intended to be kind and not expel, the., tribes, the establishment of a boundary between lands of the whites and of the Indiana, opposition to any continued hostilities, the purchase of lands from the Indians as westward expansion compelled'the Indians to retire, the service of Indian agents who would interest themselves in the welfare of the public, and government control of Indian trading* These principles were the foundation of the treaty at Fort Stanwix concluded in October, 1794 with fee Six I at ions who were received under 100 the protection of the United States. Peace'' was made with the Senecas, Sayugas, Mohawks, and Onondagas and provisions made for the release of their captives while the Tuscaror&s and One id as were assured of all their land im lew York State. T^e Six Hations gave up all of their land west of the state of lew York according to a definitely outlined boundary and were secured in the possession of the rest of the land. the Indian tribes were considered by the United States as independent nations and powers, and ,the government therefore made all formal agreements 101 by treaty. This continued until 1871 when a Congressional act made Indian, laws possible and the government ceased to recognise the Indian tribes as separate nations* Some of the Six 1 tions were dissatisfied with this treaty and. many with 102 the Congressional authority* This unrest was fostered by the influence JMi*» PP* lOO-Oli "iprgan, "op.'"c Itlill isi-isl ~ ~ ~ 100. lappler, oy. c it., II, 5-6. 103u lbMl» I, v, Preface to the Second Edition. 102. Ifohr, op. cit., pp. 118-20. 2§*of tho British who wore anxious to keep Iroquoiaa friendship and to atonopoliss® the fur trade* In 1786; the plan for the supervision of the Indians was altered: two departments were set up* the Southern m4 the lorthern, with a superintendent heading each department and living near the district* the superintendents were responsible to the Secreatary of War*103 Indian trade was under the superintendent and licenses were required for all traders* During 1788 there were several conferences and councils among the Indians at which they expressed their dissatisfaction with the Stanwix treaty*104 But the United States government continued its efforts, m& the Mohawk Brant realized by 1788 that the Iroquois were really deserting the British, he wrote* * As for the Five I at ions, most of them have sold themselves to the Devil - I mean the Tjjnkeys * * * m The new government in 1789 had the same responsibility in regard to 1 AC the Indians as formerly existed under the Confederation* The management of affairs was Secretary of War Henry Knox who had been in control of Indian policy since 1786* In 1789 the United States concluded another treaty with the Six Sations at Fort H&rmar*106 It renewed and confirmed 11 all the engagements and stipulations11 entered into at Fort Stanwix and again outlined the western boundary and the Stanwix provisions.* The Mohawks were excluded from this treaty as none was present* A separate article was included providing for the punishment of murder according to the laws of the state or territory, for th© restoration of stolen horses, and for the surrender of individuals accused of murder or horse thieving* 10l*~ XbIdT,~ pp *"1Q6~07 * ~ PP* 122-23, 131* 105. "TEE3T*, f* 201 • 108* Tappier, op. oit«f II, 23-25. 26This is the background of government polioy for the letters and 4mwmmtB below. It is interesting to note that Washington1 s outline of Indian polioy included the purchase of Indian land® when westward expansion compelled the Indians to retire, The giving up of land in the Port Stantrix treaty was merely the first of a long series of treaties and land agreements among tribes of the Six fattens and lew York or individuals; the result being the concentration of the Indians on more and more limited tracts of lsnd> and the removal of some of the Indians to other districts of the limited States* fhe question of the move of the Iroquois to western United States was seriously considered as early m 1815 107 and mm,f plans proposed* the<®ff rts of the Ogden land. Company* owners of the pre-emption rights, were persistent and forceful, fhe Senee&s were opposed, to parting with their land and bee me more so as efforts continued• Many of the Brotherton and Stockbridge Indiana emigrated to Green Bay, Wisconsin about 1830. The Mohawks had left lew York during the levolutioni the Csyugas were dispersed by 1801, some staying with the Seneoas in lew York State, others going to Canada, and some later to freen Bay, Sandusky, and on to the Indian Territory*108 Some of the Oneidas settled along the River Thame® in Canada, a larger group making its way to Green Bay, and a small group remaining around the Oneida 109 Castle. Ono&dagaa sold most of their land to lew York State, some went to Srand liver, Canada, a few West, soma lived with the 8 ©nee as, md a mmber stayed at Onondaga.110 The Senecms .remained firm and defied the Treaty of 1838 which was of doubtful legality. By sub^quent treaties 107. Abel, Annie Heloise, *The History of Events Resulting in Indian 108. Morgan,......opTcit.. I, 29-30. 109. Ibid.. 1, 110. Ibid., I, «6-29. 27.the $mmm retained their re serration® at C attar agns Creek and Allegany liver* A survey at the beginning of this century showed the Senecas situated on their two reservations and administering their affairs under a written constitution approved by the Mew York legislature*111 The Tonawanda Se&eoas on part of their• original reserve, the Tusoaroras on thiir reservation, the Onoadagas on a small tract at Onondaga, and the Saint iegis Indians at their settlement in Canada and the United States-were all living under their tribal governments subject to statues of lew York State* Their chief occupation was farming* Their nvmb®r® in lew York State in 1930 were almost 7,000*il2 The problem of land ownership is a theme running through many of the Parrish papers* It is interesting to contrast a map of the Indian Country in lew fork in 1788 and in 1890* The following documents,' which were in the possession of Jasper Parrish and in which he figures, range from 1790 to 1831, a period significant in the life of the Indians of the Six Sat ions and important in the development of the United States* llll Ipfd stkesfsweafof Population HI, part 2, p* 259, fable 2* A .....\ ■ 28t#latiom& betwe#n the Indians and the United States were strained at the time of the first letter in this group, 1790.1 War was raging on the frontier settlements of Pennisylvania and Virginia* the Indians of the Great Lakes region, advised by the British, were gathering to the fighting with the determination thetthe Ohio liver should font the ultimate boundary between the United States and the Indian country#11 The Senecas were sympathetic with the Western Indians, the general sentiment among the Seneca nation was ** rather hostile i threatening, in fact, open and general hostilities/1 Added to this cause of unrest was the murder of two Senecas by -white Pennsylvania border men* The United States government disavowed the act* This is the prelude to the national government inviting the Indians to a conference at Tioga Point, a village on the Susquehanna liver at the present site of Athens, Bradford County, Pennsylvania* Tioga was the -southern gateway to the Iroquois country where all important war-paths and hunting trails centered from the south and southwest•2 Here united the trails along the Susquehanna and Chemung Rivers* Tioga was the central meeting point for all Indians who journeyed, southward.*5 The following letter was written to Jasper Parrish by Colonel Timothy Pickering^from Tioga Point where the Indians were expected to convene* It was the custom in Indian councils or treaties to give presents and provisions which was probably the reason for this letter* Pickering complied with the Indians demands for provisions in m effort to start the council. 1* Stone, Red Jacket, oa» pit*, pp. 1380401 Heads of Families at the First Census, op* cftT7 fr7eiiiylvania®, map of 17907* 2* Btxlge, Pre?eFfcF Webb|§ Handbook of American Indians forth of Mexico, Washington, 1907-10, II, ftiiS. ~ ™ ' ---- S* Halsey, op. cit., ItodO* 4* PickeringTW^S-1829) was born in Salem, M&-s* He was a lawyer, a merchant, a government official, and a prominent Federalist* After an active part in the ^evolution and Philadelphia business activities, he ma his family moved to the Wyoming ¥ alley and, at the request of the Pennsylvania gov rn-msnt, he organised the district into Lug erne County, Pa* He was Secretary of War for a short time in 1795, then of State until 1800* fie later returned to Mass* and continued his Federalist leadership and EepublLeast opposition* lobinson, William A*/*Timothy Pickering,® Diction try of an- tor loan BtPrratfa. adlted br Dumas m^lona, Tn.w imu.-ttyT mb-mii.1 Timothy Picketing Letter to Parrish about the Tioga Point Meeting fioga Point Oct* 30. 1790. Sir, I hwe received a message from the Indians. They are on their way* They desire that at the Painted PostS and Jewtowa Point6 they may be supplied with provisions. As they will depend on such supply, and it may induce them to hasten their journey, I have agreed to furnish it. Captain loss goes forward for that purpose. With him are two of the Runners who arrived her© last evening from the Seneca I at ion • They are to return k meet the body of Indians, to inform them that provisions will be furnished at' those places, agreeably to their request. At the earnest desire of two of the Simmers who are Chiefs, I have written a letter to che Indians which captain 'loss will hand to youj end I request you to accompany the Runner to interpret the letter to them. Jls you can well interpret, they will have no pretense for sending for Jones,7@nd thus delay their Journey. I desire you to urge them forward as fast m possible♦ v I ami Sir, your friend, (Signed) timothy Picturing Mr. Jasper Parish 30.$. Painted Post was m Indian village on the Tioga liver 11 where a striped post marked the junction of the Indian trails** frequented by Indians traveling from all directions. flA huge poet painted in a frataatic maimer to represent an enemy stood in the open. Vhea war parties halted at the camp they usually held brag dances about the post. Any one could brag and dame, after making a small present to the 'master of ceremonies1, usually the head warrior. The proceeds were a benefit for ttieWbole party.® The post was made of oak and tradition holds that it is m ancient monument commemorating the death of a famous war chief. As one post decayed, it was replaced with another, fhe name of the war-chief was lost* The Painted Post was a name applied by the whites to a township in .present Steuben County, lew York. The site of the post itself is at Brwin while the village of the Painted Post nearby took its . name from the township. Spafford, Horatio Sates, A Gazetteer of the State of Mew-York, Albany, 1813, pp. 268-Sff llggins, Ruth L*, ExpmsionwlBTew^York, Shfo State University Studies, Columbus, 1931, p. 125; Stone, "ledTCket, op* eit.< p. ISlnj Sarris, loe sit., fp. 404-4*, Horatio Jones related the story of the Post and the brag dances to Orlando Alien* 6. . lewtown Point is a village on the Chemung River near present Elmira, Chemung County, Sew York. 7. Horatio Jones (1763-1836) was a white man captured by the Seneeas during the Revolution., adopted by them, andlater made a chief, le served as interpreter on many important occasions for Seneca councils and negotiations with the United States. ®lfo -white man ever more closely allied himself with the Seneeas.* He notified the Seneeas of the treaty to be held at Tioga Point, but was not called on to interpret there. A letter to Timothy Pickuring on October 24, 1790 makes claim for payment for his services in spreading the word to the Seneeas. The Pickering papers in the Massachusetts Historical Society reveal that Pickering lacked confidence in Jones, but his opinion of him as an 11 unprincipled fellow* is not substantiated by fact. Jones served as an interpreter for Colonel Proctor on his trip through the Indian country and his name is often mentioned as an interpreter and a per son of great influence in this period. His marvelous physique made him able to excel the Indians in sports and running* Jones mastered their language and customs, and he obtained their entire confidence and their great esteem. He married a white prisoner, Sally IMtmore, and they lived on Seneca Lake where Jones was a fur trader. For a complete and fascinating account of this pioneer's life, see Harris, loc. sit., pp. 383-514. 31.In the council held at fMm *oiatj Pickering explained the Songressional Act of July 22* 1790 for regulating trade and intercourse ..'with me- Indians"and expressed the fatherly oar© of the United States for ,tfe:# Indiana* ' the Act provided that every person trading with the Indiana ■ hafl/.to obtain' a license from the government* that crimes of inhabitants of. the Suited States against peaceable and friendly Indians were punlshabl e .the same manner as if the ■ vietii&s were ifhites* that a sale of land by Indians was valid only if it were executed at a public trl^held under the authority of /the United States*V In 1791 Pickering was again chosen Cosimlssion^r and instructed to hold a treaty ^ith the leaders of the Six »*f|oma of Indians* He was 11 repeatedly assigned on missions to the Indians iurtitl gj|| mt few years, his temperament and sympathies making him m 'I^iiraMe. negotiator*11'2 The purpose of the meeting* in the words of Secretary of War Knox* was 11 to conciliate the said Indians, and attach them to the Inited States| to prevent them listening to, or being combined with* the Western hostile Indians * * * to draw them to a greater distance from the theatre of : war, and &t a critical period to hold out an object of employment for the minds of their young men, plighting for the United States against the Western I&dianf! lite are with difficulty restrained from indulging their ruling passion for war*11 $ l* ,?f compiled by Joseph tales* Washington! ISM* JlriFlogrII* Appendix* 23Gl~03i American State VMtr* 2# tohinson* loo sit** p. S6«* The hostile Westera Indians isere th© Miami and the Wabash and some Shawanese and Cherokees. the 1789 Fort Haraar Treaty with several f; V - - »t include the U\mi and Wabash as they ignored their inTttatioa Violence and depredations*** American SSIIZdf 8 continued unabated. When atteapts to adjust diffWces ZZ I t" waf The United States met two defeats, in 1790 under Brigadier General Haraar and im 1791 iwder Major Seneral St. Clair. It was not until 1794 that the hostile w®re s«b???d ^ ^ m&er the leadership of general ffort8 ** t}le territory and fought the tribes. tJ!?II 1 f treaty made P®a®« ^ th® Xadians surrendered claims to territory as far west as the Wabash liver and exchanged captive*.' Ibid., I# 197f. Knox's report of December 26, 1791; Sohouler, James, History of the United States of America, New York, 1908, I, 296-97. 3 a.. hbTh© CmmiB&ivm&r chose the Painted Post as a suitable place for ■the. treaty @md prepared a speech inviting the Six I&tioms to assemble l|| expl&iBlag the purpose of the meeting*. He despatched the speech, .to ©eneral Israel ehapim^ md Joseph Smithf m interpreter., for coMinnicatiom to' the lmi,lmn* As Pickert% was uncert&imthe message would reach Smith, and. he wished the Indians to be informed of its contents* he summoned Jasper Parrish to his home at Wyoming* Pennsylvania to receive a copy of the speech and to spread the invitation among the Six latic^is*:.. Th# letter of April 18* 1791 from Timothy Pickering to Jasper PRrri$h outlines the Commissioner* s plans* 4* Gemer&l Chapin (1740 or 1741 - 1795) was born at Hatfield* Massachusetts. Se nm& a colonel and then a br ad ier-general in the 8evolution. So wait to e.aaandaigua, lew York* in 178S and in April, 1792 mm appointed a "deputy temporary agent to the Five latlcms of Indiana* until further directions*at the rate of five hundred dollars per H® l«tf#r hoc are the General Agent for United States Indian Affairs and died in 1795. le was succeeded by his son* Captain Isr&ol ttaplft* it Chn » ^fof1 s^atg,!agerf> *g;.....eit»* 2sii . xS#Cmi! Tl?^* "Historic Wampum*" 3feffalo fllstorlcal Soclsty Publlcitions S* Joseph Smith was a Alto mint captured at Cherry ?alloy who often served; as an interpreter* Ee net Horatio Jones around 1780* this was the beg inning of a long frieniship* Be md his wife settled near tho Jones family on Seneca Lake* Jones md Smith' were partners in trading for a «hUe. Harris* loc* sit** pp* 422-23* passim* 33.11 Piokering to Parrish About the Painted Post Treaty* Wilkesbarre April isfh 1791* Sir, 1 am to hold another treaty with the Six lations* 1 have proposed to hold It at the Painted Post on the 15th of next June® f©morrow 1 6 shall send off an express to Can ad an qui, -to General Chapim and Joseph-Smith, with a speech to b© communicated to all the Six I at ions, inviting them to the treaty* But it is possible Smith may be absent, and nothing mora be don© than to make the Indians understand that I am to hold a treaty with them as abons mentioned• Therefore I wish you to com® to Wyoming by the- first of May at farthest, by which time I shall return from Philadelphia* I shall then give you say speech to carry first to the Indian© at Seneseo k at Buff aloe Creek,7 and then to the Mohawks f and you must either go (if there be time) or get the Chiefs to send runners to the other four nations, to invite the Sachem 8 Chiefs and Warriors to attend* Mir present idea is, that you will be in the Indian Country till the time of the treaty, and bring the Indians along with you* The business is important! and I trust you, will let nothing prevent your engaging in it* I am your friend & servant (Signed) timothy Pickering* Mr* Jasper Parish®6® Sanadanqui is a variation of Canandaigua, an importapU.Seneca village arid now a city in Ontario County, New York* " V 7* The Indians at Geneseo and Buffalo© Greek were both Senecas. Geneseo was near the present town of the same name in Livingston County, New York* Buffalo Creek runs into Lake Erie at the site of Buffalo; an important Seneca village was located about four miles from the mouth of the Creek* Residing there were Young King, the Farmer1 s Brother, and Red Jacket, and centering there were many important events in Indian life* Hodge, op* cit*, I, 489; Harris, loc* sit*, p* 437; Amer ic an State Papers, Indian Affairs, op* cit*, I, 155, Proctor's Journal"" ToFTpril 27, 1791* 8* Fifty permanent sachemships were established at the beginning of the League, the title ajid office were hereditary* Morgan, op* cit*, I, 59* 35".fmrtl«h was presented with instructions by Pickering 0m lay 9, 1791* A was enclosed of Idhs speech to Six fat ions already sent to Chapin and Smith.' these two mm had received the speech and invited the Indians, as a lay 7# If91 Buffalo Creek entry revealst1 ' v 'Sft&th. arrived'-this day frem^Semeaee, ; f5|||! - with: & message from Col* ,f intimating yto ' 2®/' Six'fftioiis that he had received presents . 1 ' > .. , -Smm %!mt Suited States,- 4«#iriag their ■ , the fainted Post, on the fi^ga 'fetartr* on the imM^ii " " , tee next*11" ' ' ? 1 ^ Ait-vlaportant fart of* the government's flan to eeneiliaie -toe h&iSlle as the mission of peace of Colonel fhomas Proctor^ accompanied by Ir^Unn of friscdly tribes, mentioned below as a possible deterrent to the Seneca chief Compl enter3 and other chiefs from attending , the ' -trf«ty the Painted Post* ' Colonel Procter had a message from the !!SI t* gtate Wmmn* Indian Affairs, op. cit*, 1# l§S*The Sarrative ■ fhomas Procter* ' 2. (17S»-1806) was bom in Ireland and emigrated to.tiis Piiiftf States and to Philadelphia*; A Colonel in the tevelnti War, he resigned his post in 1781. Proctor was active in Philadelphia as high sheriff and city lieutenant. In 1791 he was made a commissioner ^ treat with the Miami Indians. Later he became Major-General of the droops of Philadelphia. * fhomas Proctor* , Apftl e ton * s Cyclopedia of IjoRraphy,, edited by James Srant HfMioii and John fiskt, fork, 3* Cornplanter was a prominent Seneca chief born in the 1730* s, the son of W&'wMite trader <?ohn G*®ail and a full-blooded Seneca*'' He was often" called Captain ©*8ail, O'Beel, or deal, as well as ;.,:partioipattd in many important treaties and signed many of the resulting agreements, including Fort Stanwiic, 1784, Port larmar, 1789, Camaniaigue, Big free, 1797, and an 1802 Buffalo Creek sale of land* the of land in these treaties made Coraplanter unpopular wi^M; of his own people* In the Big free treaty,' he was paid JSOS'I^ premised an annuity of #250 by the representatives of Robert Morris* In 1823 he visited Washington B.C. with two other chiefs to present complaints which were handled by Secretary of W^r John 0* Calhoun* the ffeited States -trusted him as a 1791 letter from Secretary to Piefcerteg revealst 11 fhe C^mplanter may be deputed ^mmi-tmrnmh all the change of policy, we must cultivate and elevate him 1 * * the Is our friend from the solid'ties of interest*11 &r,®m of about JSI&-. him relinquish Ms title as^cillf ' although he always Md a voice at the councils until his death in ItSS* (Cobtinned next pa^e) 34;government warning the Kimi and Wabash Indiana of the power of the United States and Inviting them to a treaty at Port Washington to make pea.ee and adjust differences*4 tfhen mm fifty Seneca chiefs including Cornplanter were in Philadelphia to December 1790 to lay th© grievances of their people before George Washington, the question of th© Western Indians was discussed*5 The President impressed upon them the government1 $ friendly spirit to all Indians who desired peace and explained to them that the coercion of the hostile groups was necessary for the protection of the frontier settlers* The Indians - Cornplanter mong thm, promised in a men sage to Washington to go to the Western Indians to prevent their .further hostilities* M'We * . * will set out very early, and shew to them what yon have done for us, which must convince them , that yon will do for' thmn every thing which they ought to ask* We think they will hear and follow our advice.* 3*{continued.} At the time of his dream he burned all of his gifts from the whites including ones from Washington, Adams, end Jefferson* His influence among the Indians was great and he was highly respected* Be lived at what is nailed Cornpl eater * $ settlement near the Alleghany River* Hodge, op, cit*, 1, 349*50; Morgan, op» cit», I, 205-06, II, 233f American State F^pers, Indian Affairsf op* cit*, I, 167, Knox to Buffalo Historical Society Publications, XXTIIX (1924), 19S-9§| f appler^ op« clt«, ll,"'pass&T™^'' Parrish'papers, see in this series la, Cornplanter signed deed of land to Mary Jemison, 17 9? f 31 and Cornplanter signed 11521 and 1826 receipts, and ^fct, Cornplanter mong chiefs addressed by falhoun, 1823• 4* American State Papers» Indian Affairs, op* cit*, I, 146, Instructions ^o ioionel 'Proctor' oF March 11, tT§T'~trlm Secretary Knox. Port Washington was a military post on the north bank of the Ohio liveri around this fort was laid out the present city of Cincinnati in 1789* Sreve, Charles Theodore, Cincinnati111., Sncyc 1 opm dia Britmmica, 14th edition, ?, 711.* ' " ' 5* Amer ic an St ate Papers, Indian Affairs, op» cit*, I, lS9ff* Knox1 s report TaT Was^Ing^^ tow'longress anu&ry 11, 1792 and accompanying papers* 6* Ibid*, I, 145-44, Cornplanter and other chiefs to Washington, Philadelphia, January 10, 1791* 37.W&sltJiigttfi hoped that such a plea for peace from, one group of Indians 'to another be effective* Proctor was sent in larch 1791 to find. •Cornpl nmter end any other chiefs who were 1 ? v •;. to accompany him to the Miami villages* There were many eo spile at Ions and the mission wan never completed! the objections of the Six S|tions were finally overcome at a eouneil at Buffalo- Creek and chiefs were appointed to ^company Proctor. Completer was not among thm&f he remained to take charge of the yoro&g warriors and probably to keep peace among the nhole tribe*7 The British officer at Siagara, Colonel Gordon, refused germissioa to borrow a lake vessel for Lake Srie travel and no others were available* Thus the government* a message and the messages of the Six Iations were lever transmitted to the Miami and Wabash*® • This is the letter of instruction from T into thy Pickering to 4 aeper Parrieht M^y 17fl# fS®* - If- 150-89* # Stone believes this was an intentional move of the mrfzim to thwart the mission* Merle em State Papers, Indian Affairs* ,gg»- «*tv 1# 16W2* Proctor1 a narraiive of his travels? *5 Piekeriag Instroetlo&s to Parrish About Painted Post treaty. To Jasper Pariah^ Interpreter* Sir, 1 have informed you of the steps I have taken to assemble the S&ehems, Chiefs and Worriers of the Six Mations at a treaty I am to hold with them* by the authority of the United States, at the Painted Post, on the waters of Tioga river, fo confirm and enferoe the invitation, 1 have thought it expedient to repeat it* I therefore now hand you a copy of my message of the 17th of last month, to the Sachems, Chiefs and Warriors of the Six Hat ions, and a fresh message, referring to the former, and making some additional observations* Both these messages you are faithfully to interpret to the Indians, at all their castles 9 which you shall have time to visit. As to the other Indian settlements, you are to request the chiefs to send runners to them, to ecmnralft&te my messages, and urge them to come to the treaty# the If the chiefs of all the tribes attend, the treaty will be/more satisfactory to the Six Nations as well as to the United States* But mi exception is to be made in respect to the Cornplenter and any other chiefs who may have gone or are appointed to go with Colonel Procter, on his message of peace to the Western Indians. They are to perform that service is preference to attending the proposed treaty at the Painted Post* A sufficient Mi-nwgihBT of Saeh€ms# chiefs and 'warriors will remain behind t© represe&t the Six lotions at the treaty* You will use your eidesfows to hasten them forward, that the treaty may be opened by the 15th of JFtffte I enquired at Philadelphia for belts and strings of wampumf but could hear of none * The custom ©f whit© people is to send messages and speeches on paper* This 1 explained to the Indians at Tiog&i k they mere satisfied with that mode of negotiation* Of my second massage I give you a duplicate, to le&re* when interpreted, with the Greet Chiefs of the Seneca Mutton® They will know my hand and seal affixed to it, and eoeept it in lieu of a belt* Use all diligence to accomplish the business with -which you are now entrustedj and write me an account of your proceeding as often as opportunities shall present* Your friend (Signed) Timothy Pickering* Wyoming May 9, 1791* 40.11 Their so-called castles were solid log structures, with platforms running around the top on the inside, from which stomas and other • missiles could be hurled down upon, beseigers**1 lodge, op* pit*, 1*617* Wsmpim was a shell used as money and as decoration* The reference here is to belts of wmm^mm which were a means of ication mwng 'the tribes of the Iroquois for important messages* The runner delivered the belt that had a unique arrangement of different colored beads. .' describing or picturing the message* A wampum belt was the usual method of calling a council meeting, the day, the places and the purpose of the meeting suggested by the beads* Unable to find wasnpuit, Pickering sent his message by paper* Wampum was also used to record treaties, mi the symbols were memorised. Morgan, op* pit*, II, 244-45* il.fhe speech of April 17, 1791 below is the one already mentioned which was first sent to Chap in and Smith, and then a copy given to Parrish with his instructions-to insure its delivery to the Six Mat ions. 4a.4* Message from f imothy Pickering to The Six latioBB April 17, 1791,, Brothers, Sachems, Chiefs and Warriors of the Six l&tions* When I took yon hy the hand, last Pall, at f ioga, the chain ^ of friendship ^ras brightened between you and the United St ate si and yon expressed yoiar wishes to keep it always bright* On the part of the United States, 1 assured you of their regard for you, and their desire to maintain with you perpetual peace and friendship® To renew those assurances, and.again to brighten the ohain# and to ramose all causes of jealousies and discontents, 1 am desired once more to meet you, at such time and place a.® should appear to me most convenient* 1 therefore now propose the Fainted Post as a proper place of meetingi and as it is important that the treaty be held as scorn as possible, I propose that we should meet together at that place, by the 18th of J^ne next® That time m& place 1 hope will be convenient and agreeable to youi and I shall vlbb my eniesrrenr that everything else shall give you satisfaction® BrotherTon will naturally ask for what special purpose yon are called to attend this Council Fire? - Brothers, 1 will be open and tell you* For at the Council Fire which 1 kindled at Tioga, in the name of our ireat Chief, General Washington, & of the United States, I assured yon that in all my conduct you should find me open and sincere* Without sincerity, how can friendship be preferred? Brothers, Ton know that some of the Western Indians ha¥@ 43.lifted up the hatchet end struck many citizens of the United States* You told ma that the Shawano s# ^ had invited you to join them in a war against the Halted States! hut that you had refused to join them* And you gsir§ strong reasons for your refusal* You said that we sit side by side* and ought t© lire in peace* That you wished to keep the path betwen us open and clear* that you might pass sad repaee unhurt| and that you desired to be at peace with the United States* that your women & children might ho in safety* Brothers* I was equally pleased with your determination^ and with the reasons on which it was founded* Th® same reasons must still influence -you to hold fast your determination of maintaining peace with the United States* Some had men* however* enemies of the United States* may again endeavour to persuade pou to engage in war * and by misrepresentations and lies* prevail on some, contrary to their own interest and the interest of the Six Nations* low, Brothers* I am to kindle the proposed Council Fire at the Painted Post* to give/?resh assurances of the good-will of the United States* of their desire to make the chain of friendship with you still brighter & to keep it always bright; ana to show you th&t the war with the Western Indians, is* on the part of the United States* not a wof choice* not of oppression* not of injustice! but of necessity, to defend our frontiers* md save th© settlers from destruction* Brothers, According to the usual pi&c+iee in treaties with Indians, the- proposed treaty will he concluded with a present of goods* Brothers, 1 received great pleasure is the treaty held with you la&t fall at fiogai amd the manner in which it was conducted was entirely approved by the &reat Chief of the United States.* I hope and believa that the intended treaty will be equally pleasing* and give equal satisfaction to our Great Chief* Given under ay hand and seal at Wyoming in the (SEAL) State cf Pennsylvanie, the seventeenth day of April 1791* VK (Signed) Timothy Pickering*The Shawanoso were migratory Indians who lived at various times in several parts of the United States. Some were with the hostile . Indians on the Miami liver at this time* others are Ohio liver and in Wyoming ¥ alley, Pennsylvania on the Susquehanna liver* Hodge* op» o.lt«* II* 530-38* +5!The treaty at the Painted Post was finished satisfactorily with two qualifications* "Colonel Pickering did not propose that any of the warriors should accompany our armyj he found that such proposition would not. be acceptable,'* so explained Secretary ^nox.1 An earlier speech of the Seneca chief. Young King, reveals why the Indians would not send warriors to fight under Butler in the Iest! *Last fall it was told us by Col* Pickering.that the Six Iations must take no notice of anything, but wr at tended to be peaceable * * * we are neither on the one side, or on the other; whether of the British, or);the Americans; for we desire to be still, and to be at peace with both** He continued to say that the Indians would Mattend the treaty at the Painted Post, where the fire is lighted by General Washington.®2 This omission on Pickering1 s part was accepted as expedient, but his actions in another instance were severely censored* Pickering was led incautiously Ho certify that a certain assignment of the Seneca Indians, to the daughters of Ebeneser Allen, was done at a public treaty, held under the authority of the United States.*3 It was feared that any assignment of Indian land would defeat and void the pre-emption rights to the land* Secretary Knox wrote Governor Clinton of lew York that the United States explicitly disavowed Pickering1 s actions in this case and in that of a Cayuga lease of land,and that both were considered null and void. There is no record of later official 1* American State Papers, Indian Affairs, op* eit.»I, 192. Secretary inox to Hi^SF^'enerkl Butler,' AugusV^TTTSTT Butler was second in command to liajor-General St. Clair in the campaign against the We stern Indians* 2* Ibid., I, 165, Speech of Young King on Colonel Proctor1 s leaving Buffalo Creek, May 21, 1791, enclosed in Proctor's report to Secretary Knox* 169, Secretary Inox to Governor Clinton of lew York, August 17,1791. Knox at the command of Washington wrote Clinton voiding the Cayuga lease unless lew York wished to recognize it. action on the subject of the Allen mssignmen^wr any notice to the &mmm that the assignment was to id* However, whan tobort Morris extinguished the Indian title to large tracts in. Western Sew York in 1ft?, the four square miles of land assigned to the Allen daughters w#fltnot reserved for their?*4 Colonel Pickering ^xpl^i^ed his action,, in a letter to Secretary Imos in August, 1791*5 lelative to the Seneca assignment of land to the daughters of the white trader Allen,and an Indian squaw, of which the following document is a copy, Pickering wrote that the Senecas understood that Morris® and Ogden7 were the grantees of Massachusetts and had the right of preparation of all of their lands*8 This was no bar to the division 4* Harris, log sit*, pp* 493-94;, editor* o noto* **fhis tract,whether by warsighCeiTlrBierwise|was not reserved in the sale to Morris * * * In 1823 the Senecas made an ineffectual .appeal to the Secretary of War, John C* Calhoun, is behalf of Allan's heirs, * * * * 5* American State Papers, Indian Affairs, op* cit*, X* 170-71* Jfickerinf toTEaoS£ August lT7"TfSl* 6* Robert Morris (1734-1806) was a Philadelphia merchknt and a financier of the devolution* He is mentioned below as m owner of extensive tracts in Western law York* He was prominent in national affairs^ for many years* a signer of the Declaration of Independence, a member of the Continental Congress.,, of the Constitutional Convention and of the United States Senate (1.789-1795). M0rris was a clo.se friend of Washington* He became financially insolvent because of his huge land holdings mo enterprise!, and as a result spent three and a half years in. a debtors1 prison* Oberholtser, 111 is P., "Robert Morris? dictionary of American. Biography, X2B; £19-223* 7*, Iam@l"t%den (174S-1610) was an iron founder and a land promoter. He is mentioned below as the owner of the western two-thirds of the preemption land of Western lew fork and he assigned it to Morris-* By a series of treaties some of the aboriginal titles wer© extinguished and land opened to settlers* He and his brother Abraham founded Ofdensburg, Mew Tork on the St* Lawrence iver* Day, tiefe&rd 1*, *Samue) Qgdten*, Dictionary of American Biography, XIII, 642-43• * --- 8* the western part of lew York State, west of Seneca Lake, was the subject of a boundary dispute between .lew York and Massachusetts settled at the Hartford Convention in 1786* Massachusetts relinquished her claims o-f sovreignty (clai&d by virtue of a 1620 grant) within the borders of Mm fork but was granted the right of pre-emption for the territory - the sole privilege of purchasing the land from the native mmrnrum (Continued next page) of fhe country mon§ the Sen#o&s* Pickering contended! ^If they could divide the whole, they could certainly set up ft part to.......two individuals of their natleiTl^^ fT^'iSa'oB'ject of their T®e3 toTTXm^s" children, whom they called their children, agreeably to the rule of descent among lliesT which is in the female linei and in this deed* the land assigned is declared to be in full of those two children5 s chare of the whole Seneca country,*11 Pickering pointed out that if he questioned the Sense as* right to allot land, to two members of their nation he would only create unrest and mi sunder standing. I© also mentioned that the plans for introducing husbandry to the Indians would lead to separate occupation of the land® A postcript said that Mr* Allen planned to compensate Mr. Morris and Mr* Ggdem for their pre-emption rights to the land assigned to his children. 8. fcmtinued). In April, 1788,Massachusetts sold the sole right to pre-empt the Indian lands (8,250,000 acres) to a company represented by Oliver Phelps and Nathaniel. Gorhsm. In July of the same year at a Seneca Council at Buffalo Creek, the Indian title to the ©astern 2,500,000 acres (between Seneca L«*ke and the Genesee liver plus the "Mill Lot* of 800,000 acres on the west side of the Genesee) was extinguished by the payment of ^5000 and a perpetual annuity promised of iSOO* In August, 1789, the Indians received their first payment at Canandaigua mi returned the bond of Phelps. On August 4th, the chiefs of the other Six Motions signed a quit claim to this section. fhe increased value of Massachusetts notes made it impossible for Phelps and Gorhsm to continue payments to that state for the lands in 1790 two-thirds of the land was returned to Massachusetts and only the eastern part to which the Indian title had been extinguished was retained, this part is generally known as the ^Phelps-Gorhaa Purchase*. On Sovember 18, 1790* this section (excepting small parts already sold) was bought by Robert Morris who soon resold it to Sir William Pulteney of Sngland and his associates. On larch 12, 1791, Massachusetts sold to Samuel Ogden the western two-thirds of the territory, the part that had reverted to the state. Robert Morris was Ogden* s assigned the title to Morris was confirmed by Massachusetts on May 11, 1791. Most of the land acquired by Morris at this time was mortgaged to the Holland Land Company which foreclosed on it, but Morris retained the^Morris Reserve®. Thus at the time of this document, July, 1791, Morris md Ogden had the pre-emption right to the Seneca lands. Harris, loo sit«,pp. 474-82| Hirrins, op» sit., pp. 115-19$ Ston®# Red Jacket, op* ' c it., p. 2371 foreman, R» ^Cfrown Grants and Early'tan^'"tfranCs' "AffectIn g the Rochester Region, Centennial History of Rochester I, 119-125. ir?: Whmmmmr Allen, called Indian Allen, lived en the tract mentioned in the deed, mow the site of Wmmftte Morris* ' One of his wives was a Seneea by- the name of Sally, by whom"he had two children, Mary and Chloe Allen* • •••' «If8 Me 'was very prominent in the early life of Senesee Valley and the first permanent settler in that district, Imt accounts vary from portraying him as , a cruel Tory to a brave pioneer*® ©* %e role of Ibeneser Allen (or Allan) in the frontier life of the Sen esee district is not clear* For many years he was portrayed as a ®Brutal line Beardf the incarnation of ©ruelty, a repulsive portrait*11 More recently* new material has given evidence that he was not ignite %the villain mho stalked the Soohester stage for a eentury** Born in ■■;'lew-^eraey, Allen went to the Seme see ^otetry in 1782* He was a British sympathiser in the service of the British Indian Department* His fory sentiment made hii unpopular and was the basis for much of the antagonism he aroused* Allen was considered a competent and brave officer by the British* He worked for &&ry Jestison on the S&rde&u flats and she relates of Ma life of a most unoomplimentary nature* Torpin suggests ' - that many of these stories of cruel aets and of murders were the pro duo t of Herder gossip of the time* ' In. 1T8S1 Allen moved ;te a site near the present Mount Morris inhere he established a lucrative trading post, in addition toff arm,* * As a trader* he often visited Philadephla and knew Jtobert Morris* Allen aroused the indignation of the British and the Indians in 1783 when he stole a wmespm'' and delivered it to an American military post saying the Indians would fight no more. He probably did this to protect his properly from British and Indian attacks, and at this time his fory allegiance was waning. In the same year Allen was re spoils ibl^f or the Indians receiving the message of the 5m 1 ted States government at Philadelphia asking them, to meet at Port Stanwix* This was the prelude to the peace treaty of 1784* The British had been thwarting efforts of the Inited States to make peace with the Indians* Allen was imprisoned by the British at Fori Siagara to prevent him from attending the Fort Sta&wix ©©uncil* In 1786 he went to the Genesee flats near present Scotsville where he built a log house* He is considered as the first white settler in the Senesee Talley after the Involution* The Seneeas gave him the title to land between Sootswille and the ftenesee tiver, about sia; square miles. In 1789 he built a saw mill and a grist mill at the falls of the Genesee liver at the request of Phelps and flhsrham who rewarded him with the ||iffl Acre Tracts He sold it in 1792 to Barton* is the site of Rochester, Sew Y0rk, and Allen was the first to build stills there and harness the water power* # Allen sold his log house and property at that location in 1789 to a mm by the Jtame of Sheffers who has described Allen* Shaffers : discredited Most of the stories of the atrocious 5 saying that they probably came from Allen1 s boasting spirit and ability to tell tales* Be did say that Allen was cruel «hta his passions were aroused and that ; C^wtinuei next fmgel li.Picker ing^ in the letter to Inox quoted abovefwrote; *The ratification of that assignment £land to Mary and Chioe All®*] I subjoin, as copied from my rough draft, in which 1 do not remember that any alterations were mad@f,f The same ratification is at the end of the following copy of the deed of land? there are minor variations in wording, spelling, and punctuation* The original of the deed is in . the records of the Clerk of Ontario County at Canandaigua, Sew York*10 9. (continued),, he had an * insane passion for matrimony*1® Allen married the squaw Sally sometime around 1782; in 1789 he married Lucy Chapman who shared the home with Sally and by whom he had one son - Seneca Alleni and later he married Morilla Gregory by whom he had four children* About 1794 fee and his two white wives and their children left the Genesee Country and went to Upper Canada where he ' died, probably about 1816* The charge has often been made that Allen sold the land obtained in this deed for his own benefit shortly after buying it, lobert Morris being the purchaser* The deed is so worded, comments Turpin, that this is impossible and there is no record nor authoritative knowledge of it* Allen did however sell the improvements on the property deeded to his daughters, but not the property itself* The instruction of the girls is mentioned in the deed, and this was carried outjas they were educated at Trenton, lew Jersey* Turpin, M0rley Bebee, *Bbeneaer Allen in the Genesee Country, * Centennial History of Rochester, lew Tork, II, Home Builders, editor1 note and pp* 3134s5f Olds, I^thaniel Shurtle^f, "from iaSalle to m Allan,** Centennial History of Rochester, I Indian Allan,Centennial History of Rochester, lew York, I, 78~80f "Rochester,* frcyclooa Aia"ferlt«mlo», 14th edTtSSTXTX, 364* Biggins, op* cTt*, pp* £L9-Wj ~Seaver, James Everett, A Barrative of the Life of l^FTSison, the White Woman of the Genesee « . * revise! by Charles Pelamster TSJT'* .....T™T2na editioriTTewTork, 1925, pp* 7%*92* 10* Harris, loo alt*, editor1a note, p* 493* 50.5 v vj- of * B##d of Cession fey the Seneos Smtiom to Mary tad Chloe Allen Bate* July is. Iff I. Omt&rio as* fhe people of the utate of lew York by the grace " - of Sod free and Independent m. fo all whom these presents shall come, send. Sreeting ~ that we have caused diligent search to be made in the records fa remembrances in the office of our County of Ontario . do there find of record the following Instrmemt in words & figures, to wit ** To all People to whom those ..pregents shall come WI the Sachems,. Chiefs k Warriors, of the Seneka Hat ion of Indians, send Greeting ** Whereas by the custom Of our lotion from the earliest times of our forefathers to the present ti^jsy, every person born of a Seneka woman has been and is considered as one of the said lation, h thence as having an equal right with ©very other person in the lation to the land* belonging to the Mat ion ~ ABB Whereas Ey~en~da~nent h»n, named in English Sally, one of our sisters has had two daughters born of her body by our brother Jon~«fe-»«ltoo» lamed in .English Ebeneeer Allen; the names of the said daughters in English,- being M^ry Allen & Chloe Allen - and Whereas our said brother Jen~uh~sheo, the father of the said Mary is Chloe has-..expreased to Us, his desire to have the share of the Seneka lands, to which the said Mary & Chloe ( whom we consider as our -children) are entitled, set off to them in severalty that they may enjoy the seme as their separate 51.proportion - low Know ye that we the Sachems, Chiefs & Warriors of the Said Sesairm X*tioft in ^he name and by the authority of our whole Station* whom, Recording to our ancient custom, in like canes, we repreaept, and in c on s id e ration of the right of the said Mary & Chloe aa children k wmmhms of the Soitek* lotions, fc of our low & affection for them DO hereby smt ■ < off k assign to th« the said Mary & Chloe a? to their heirs and assigmt t. tract of land, on part of which the s&ii Jen -uh-sheo our brother now dwells upon the waters of the J«nuh«hoo river in the county of Ontario in the State of lew York, bounded, as follows beginning at in 11® fre© standing in the forks of the Jeausheo river, the boundary b®tw«®i our land and the Isutds we sold to Oliver Phelps 11 fa Mr* Gorham 12 is rimniag from thence duo south four miles, thence due west four miles, thene# dm north four mills' & thence due east four miles until! the line strikes tho said aim tree with the appurtanaaces to have and to hold the said tract of lend with the appurtenances to them the s^jid Mary Allen and Chloe k to their heirs k assigns as tenants in common to their use forever provided nevertheless k we the said Saohems, Chiefs h Warriors declare that it is our desire k intention that from this day until1 the third day of March in the year iimoa* Domini on© thousand eight hundred & three, during which time both the mid Mary k Chloe will be minors! the said Bbeneser Allen his executor and administrators shall take "cere of, occupy h improve the whole of the said tract of land & receive the rents & profits thereof without accounting to the said children therefore saving that therwith he, his •executors & administrators shall make provision for the decent k suitable maintenance & for the instruction of the said Mary k Chloe k cause them to fee? instructed in reading k writing sewing & other useful arts according to the custom of the-white people - provided that if the said Mary shall mary before the age of twenty one years, then immediately on her marriago, thesaid Mhmnmmr his Bxmmtors or administrators shall deliver to her the {K>ft6**£lox» of her one eqnel third part in quality k quejitity of said tract of land | h if the seid Ohio© shall marry before th© sge of twenty one years* th#B immediately on her marriage, the said Sbene&er, his execntore or administrators shall deliver to her the said Ohio© the possession of ona equal third part for quality and qumtity of said tract of lendi k thenee forward the said lsry k Ghloe, respectively k their respective heirs, ezeeutors* administrators and assigns shall receive th© rents k profits of their respective third part of said tract of Isndf h the said Ebene^er Allen shell continue in the possession of the remmining third part of said tract of land k receive the rents h profits thereof during his natural life to his own use, h after his death his present wife, if she survive him shall hold possession of the seme third part k receive the rents and profits thereof to her own use so long as she shall remain his widow immediately after whioh the said Mary & Chloe, their heirs & assigns shall receive & have th© entire possession of the whole said trait of land forever - we the Ssehems, Chiefs k Warriors do further deolare that the traet of land so set. off to them the said Mary k Chloe is h forever shall be in full of their share h interest in all the lands belonging to our said nation, k of all el aims of property of every kind wether monies or goods for lands sold or received as presents which hm® been or shall be received by our nation - provided further fk it is our meaning to reserve to th® Indian fmilies mow dwelling on said tract of land, the liberty of remain inf. there so long as they shall thinV fit with the liberty of planting so mmh eorn as shall be necessary for their own use -provided further that our sister the said ly^en-da-nent^haii shall be 53.entitle! to comfortable and competent maintenance out of the rents & profits of said tract of land, during her natural life or as long •as she remains unjoined to another companion ~ In Witness whereof we the Sachems k Chiefs of the Seneka I at ion, according to th.; ancient custom of our nation hav© hereunto sat our heads & seals the fifteenth day of July in the year one thousand seven hundred & ninety one - and of the Independence of the United States, the sixteenth Sealed & delivered in the presence of ub Preseatsj tracts of, equal 'in first sheet • to his mm use in 2d leaf interlined done before scaling -The word children in the 6th line of the first leaf erased ~ said delivery being also first interlined - fhe boundary between our lands & the lands we sold to Oliver Phelps k Mr* Gorham the decant is suitable maintenance h for being else interlined By the fifteen Chiefs Sachems in the rirht hand coltum of .seals 1feeneier Bowmam Joseph Smith Jenper Parish Horatio Jones Oliver Phelps fonde~yewas or Shek~wi~un-dunkwe Kden-do-waw-r a H on@y*~ s mgu i ah Oo«*na-sot-ck-hau Farmers Brotherly or Little Beard 14 or Big free 15 or Young lings or Fire in the mountain ¥ To-ne- &uh~to«-waw Jjj? Big Throat Kodge~a~gayonk Jjj^ Heap of Dogs 17 Tiah-ka-a-ga f 'aenniawHlee sh r Ion -ne-yoo-we~ sut jl?^ Kon-no~ shaw-I o i-yorkJ^ Se~en~d awko-wew K ah-jun-guush 8oo~nooh~ahoo~waw ^ To^way-es Littl® Billy 18 or Black Chief 19 or Captain Lamp or Old House or Great Tr#e 20 £ or China bra at Plata W»s yHcutK or Stump foot 5.11* Oliver Phelps (1749-1809} is mentioned above a purchaser of , land from Massachmaette and from the Indiana* He wm also active in political life Ir. Satsmchttsetts* Wmm he owned land in Western Sew fork, he opened a land office at Canandaigua and Initiated a , systeai of townships and ranges used tsd«iy in modified -form* He was appointed the first Jmdge of Ontario County and to this oupacitjr : signed this deed * He was m representative to Congress from 1803-05* "•vr \t Paul ^ m©liver Phelps,^ fiietion-ary - .-ilo^raffiy, XX¥, 530-511 ^Oliver Phslpe,*1 V ' ~. " / of ■■" • ! _Bio^ _ ^ lew York, 1893-1932, WtTT^O^ 12* fathaniel Sorham, Sr* (1758-1796) is mentioned above in relation.;to the Phelps-Gorhara Purchase* He was a merchant and prominent statesman active in Massachusetts affairs* He was a member of the Continental Congress and President of it in 1766, and also a delegate to the . Federal Constitutional Congress* lis over-investiaent in lands made .him financially insolvent! the strain on hie health was great and he died of apoplesey in 1796* He never saw the huge tract of land the t he had bought In Sew fork* \. ' " id^^f: Adams, James frutlow, ^Hathaniel Sorham,11 Dictionary of Amerlean . Biography, Til, ic -3 * Humphrey, Seorge H*, *]fathsniei " 7* - " 'lochester' 1 isto.rioal Society, Publication fund Series, ¥1, 297-99* IS* Farmer1 s Brother was a Seneca chief whose memory was held wim high veneration* by members of his tribe long after hi® death in 181S* Although an advocate of peace, much of his fame rests on his military leadership in commanding Seneca warricjjs in the War of 1812 at Black lock, Chippewa., andjlmdyfs Lane «kn'm was over seventy-five years old* Sis name was derived from a visit with Seorge Washington! ' Washington described himself as a farmer® and called the chief his * brother* * Farmers Brother was active in the 1790 treaty at flog a Point, and he signed the 1794 Canandaigua treaty, the 1797 treaty at Big free, and the 1802 treaty at Buffalo Creek* At the Big free Council he presented the claims of Mary J rati son for land* (See la)* An American arty officer described farmer1® Brother! 11 the moat noble Indian in form and mould, in carriage and in soul, of that generation of his race** Hodge, op* cit», 1, 4§3f Se&ver, op* cit*,pp* 94, 104j Sappier, op* cit*, 11, passimj Stone, Red Jacket, o^»'clt*, p* 316, Colonel Worth of Major Qener&i "Lewis1 sta'^f described the chief as quoted $ Journals, of Henry A* S* Dearborn,* Buffalo Historical Society Publications, TXI, Lamed, A history of tui'f lew fork, 14* Little Beard was a Seneca chief who lived at Little Beard1 s town on the west side of the Genesee liver near present C^ylerville* Colonel Proctor mentioned him as making a speech in 1791* He signed the Canandaigua and Big free treaties Little Beard is described as a vindictive tmd dissipated chief,11 as *a atrong-minded smbitieu®, and cruel man, «M- an arbitrary and despotic ruler*® Mary Jamison m^itiomed that Little Beard was usually the principal actor at scenes of cnaelty* ler grandson ^distinctly recallfoS the announcement (continued next page) 51.11 And by the Chiefs i®tderwritten in the preseace of un bt* ?e~du»do*wasigufly ^J^ or Henny Jameson Cy~a~su~to So^go-M-a^to X* or led Jacket^ The two last Chiefs signed In presence of Jacob Hart Timothy Pickering BbenS Bowmen 0 oimaiss ioner By timothy Pickering Esquire Commissioner for holding a treaty with the six nations of Indians ** 1 certify that the Instrument of writing- ©ontained in this sheet & in the sheet of paper annexed to it (on which also I Kwritten ny name) being an acsifnement made by the Seneka I at ion of Indisns to their two children Mary Allen and Chloe Allen therein, naiaed of the tract of lend th#rsin described ©s their full share of the Seneka lends was yesterflff publ ic particularly explained by me in/council of the ?aid six nations & after 1 had explained the same & asked them if they understood it, the Sachems & Chiefs of the Seneka nation answered that the whole was well understood the instrument, having been then agreed to in public council was them signed, ;iealed and delivered in my presence by all the Sachems and Chiefs whoes names appear in my hand writing, being the fifteen whose names are subscribed in the right hand column & one in the left hand columns saving that the chief £o~ne~au«*do~waw only signed 4 sealed the Instrument in sgr presence - In Witness whereof I have hereto sat my hand, & seal £S>14* (continued) "borne by fleet footed-runners to the scattered Indian villages, that Little Beard, the barbarous and bloody war-chief, was dead.** (l806)« the eclipse of the sun shortly after his death wa» attributed by the Indians to his. ^mailgn agency?11 the Indians shot volleys in the direction of the sun to counteract the evil® There are,however^ references to ©mother Seneca chief tittle Beard in other works as the principal chief residing at the fonawanda Reservation* There must have been two different chiefs bearing this nam®, this is possible as the possession of any beard by an Indian was a distinctive quality* Oliver Phelps awarded Little Beard m annuity { see 14") which was probably the Tonawenda chief* American State Paperg# Indian Affairs, op* cit*, I, 162-65f ^appler, op» cit*, II, pasecit., p* 130j Seaver, op/cit*, ppVY27 178, 202, 254i lowland, Henry R*, Mfh© Seneca Mission at Buffalo Creek/ Buffalo Historical Society Publications, VI (1903), 141* ~ IS* Big free was a Seneca chief who was a member of the delegation that visited Philadelphia and W4S addressed by George Washington* He is mentioned in the title of several of the speeches delivered by and to the Indians at this time, 1790 and 1791* He was particularly notified by Colonel Proctor in 1791 to attend a meeting* He lived not far from Little Beard at a village bearing his own nmm$ Big Tree Village* ■ *t was about a mile and a half north of Little Beard1 s Town* Big Tree signed the Port Harrnar Treaty of 1789* le was among the group of Seneeas, Oneidas, and Onondagas who went to Philadelphia for a conference with the government in 1792* HIt was at this conference that Chief Big free died from excessive eating*® IS® Young- ling was an outstanding Seneca Sachem and is mentioned often iqfee history of this period* He was born about 1760 near present Can&mdaigua and later lived at Buffalo Creek. One writer comments that he was second only to Cornplanter in prominence* He was a gallant warrior and was seriously wounded in the W&r of 1812* (see <21 For this he was granted an annuity by the United States* (see 3fe)* In m 1815 fight, one of his arms was hurt so severely that it had to be amputated* (see 3 k}* Young Iing was a Christian, Joining the ' Seneca Mission Churcfi in 1832, an advocate of tempersnce in his later Ipears, and a ^leading promoter of education and progress in his tribe* His manners were refined and whis hospitality and benevolence were proverbial*11 He died in 1835 and was buried in the Mission Church Cemetery and in 1884 was re inter red with Red Jacket and other chiefs* lis opinion was highly respected and his nsme affixed to the important treaties of the period* Young ling signed the 1797 Big Tree Treaty and for his part was promised an annuity of #100 by Robert Morris (see 40), the 1802 Buffalo Creek treaty, the 1815 treaty in which the Seneca* sold the islands in the Si agar a liver to lew York, am 1821 receipt ( see 3S)t the 1823 Seneca land sale agreement, md an 1826 receiptIbr provisions (see 44m* Bryant, William Clement, Sketches of the five Indian Chiefs He in tombed with led Jacket," Buffalo Historical Society Publications, III (1865), 81-83; Sappier, op« olt», II, pass Ik's'lowland, SSSSa'Mission, loc sit*, p* 1551 Stone, Red tfacket7 op* cit*, p* 247 and zWn7 fat lewtowa in the county'of Tioga in the State of few fork, th© sixteenth of July in the year 1791 and of the Independence of the United State the sixteenth - (Signed) Timothy Pickering Be it remembered that on the 8 day of August 1791 before me Qli-wer Phelpa one of the Judges of the Court of common pleas for the ©OBBty of Ontario, come Joseph Smith one of the subscribing witnesses to this Indenture who made solemn oath that the several Sachems k liar Chiefs whose names are set to this Instrument did in his presence mak^ their marks, &#t their seals & deliver this- deed as their voluntary act for the purposes k usen therein mentioned, k that he the said Smith, Ibene&er Bowman, Jasper Parish, and Horatio Jones, signed their names as witnesses in presence of each other, and 1 having examined the same Finding no material erasures or inter1inations, except those noted, have no objection to its being recorded n - (Signed) "Oliver Phelps* "I do hereby certify the foregoing to be a true copy of the original, examined with the same the eighth day of August 1791* (Signed) lath Gorham Junr Oik" 22 5 L.Se&jp of PmgB. was a 8mm® present at the 1788 Council at Buffalo Creek when tho Somoe&a sold their title to the land known later as tho ^urtshme*® He was on* of the 'bIx who iorltotf ' fholpis to hold- the mooting at Buffalo Crosk. Be aignod the 17S4 ': ' 3 • > - 7; . trsaty . ' "V Mwrlm* .......pp. tl0 I#ittlo Billy was a Samoa ohiof c Ilea Jiohkaaga or some variation of it, the Green Grasshopper,, and often mentioned in contemporary records as nThe War Chief.* 1# was active at the f ioga Counoil and .he fignad.the treaties of 17M, .1797, 1S02, 1815, :ani Ittl* ' Hia,: 1 bi ' was also n the deed of land to Mary \ Is * i see P Bn was a captain in the War of 1812 and was of ton -; r Captain u the United States paid him an annuity of #50*00 (see In 1618 he was among the Senee&e of Buffalo Greek who petitioned • ; ffini&mk Monroe and in 1821 ha signed a receipt for Seneca interest {see 3. Bryant oharaetariaas him as mm of marked Integrity and of irreproachable habits.* So diod at Buffalo Greek in 1854, and was among the chiefs re interred in 1884. Bryant, loo, sit*, p. 84| Kappler, op. pit., II, pasaims S o«vor# op. mIt »V WP* — I "Register 'of "the Seneca Mi salon Church . . . 1823-1848,^ Buffalo Mlaterioal Society Public tions, ?i tl£Q3)r.sriMG* . --—-—-^ Black r lief was a Seneca Chief who ia referred -to in 1791 fey Proctor..as arriving at Squakie Hill for a meeting, and ia 1810 by Mary Jemison as the ®old chief® who interpreted the dream of h#r $on> Harris, loo» ,,3it..t p« tSS-i Shaver,"'op. clt.# p. 130. . Sreat a Seneca chief* who tif with Seorge Washington is the ausrner of 1778 and thorn indicated hit friendship for the American oauae m4 his intention to inspire the Seneca® for -the colonial side. CM his way to the Sanecashe assured tha OneIdas of his hop© that the Sanec&s would support the colonies. However ho found the Seneoas armed and prepared to pro toot their country from a rumored American r- Sreat Tree likewise objected to mi It el on the Indian Country* The Cherry Valloy Massaere was soon after this time. Mm wa? in the group which journeyed to Philadelphia in 1790 to see President Washington and his name ia among the few cited at the boginning of some of the speeches. ^l^iean State Faparsf Indian Affairs, op. olt.» 1, 142fff Ston^, Brant, op^ " '— • tod J.ooko t ( about 1756 <* 1850) was a Sanaa a chief of tha Wolf elan, ' i femcma^orator, and a siof many traatias (1794, 1797, 1802, 1 ^ 1823) whose Indian name was .8a-go~ye~wat~ha. Ho fought with Urt&t Britain during th© Sevolutlonary War as did many of the Indiana oi the Sim lotions* A British offioar gaira him a bright rod Jaekoti ha always? wore thie jacket or a roplaoament of it# thus his common appellation*. Jasper Parrish ga^e him a naw red jaokot at Canandaigua in 1794. Ha was valuable in rooalling for his poopla tho oronta and transaotims of oouncils and treatias with tho whitoa. I# h ,d an oxoallont memory and was a fluent spoakor* la is pmrtioularly no tod (oontinuod- next page) CeontJiiued) for his fettllifint and successful defray of Toimsy Jemmy In 1820* m. Indian who was on trial for rnxmnting a Bquaw convicted by a Seneca counc11 of witchcraft* Morgan praises Sod Jacket as ftthe most gifted and imtelleetm&l of the reoe of the Iroquois." He figures prominently in all Semee^ history as opposed to ■ the inroads of whites and of civilisation* One of his prlae possessions w a e liver medal pretexted to him by George Washington In If92 when he was ©mom^ the chiefs visiting Philadelphia® ted Jacket* in later yeara, beeane very impopular with his own trite and for a while was deponed as a chief* 11827)* He often drank too mmh* and this criticism 1b made by most writers about him® Ha was not a fighter, in fact he charged during his lifetime with being a coward, but ha was s. great orator* fie i» mentioned by ®iei?ietia?iee as opposed to their efforts and it was a gra&t blow to him whan his v&fe became a Christian; he Is also mentioned by educators as opposed to their andewor?? to teach the Indiana, and by land buyers as opposed to their purchases* fie opposed the sal© of lend to Phelps .and Gorham, the claim of Mary Jamison* and the Big Tree treaty* Jasper Parrish1 a biography notes* %ed Jacket has been, and still 1b violently opposed to all innovations upifpn there old customs and ell char .res in there condition* He says they were'created Indians and Indiana they should remain and that he never if ill relinquish their anelent pagan customs and habits/' led Jacket was among the petitioners from Seneca tillage at Burff&In Creek in 1818 (see md signed the receipts of 1621 (see 3l) and 1826 {see 4(>)* Se was one of th© three at Washington, B*£* addressed by Secretary of War Calhotm in 182$ ('see' 42)* •In IBS^Sed Jafket* $ remains -were reintefrred, taken from the deserted Seneca Mission Church cemetery and placed in the Forest hmm Cemetery* lnffalo# at the same t"me as were those of Young Slag* C apta in Pollard, Little Billy, and others amid elaborate eeremow of Indians s,nd whites* Jacket11, Buffalo Historical Society Publicattorns, III, (1885}, passim* l^Qdje^^'opT/'c1 YtTiTTI^ II^^Ti^'TioieT^ea Jacket, ££*eit»,p* IgS and paaaimf Morgan," op. cit*, I, 9?~98; Sealer, op® cit*, pp. 404^051 "COPY", iSTsTt* ' —~ -~ 22* Sathaniel Gorham, Jr* (1785-1826) was a son of the land purchaser mentioned above* He took charge of his father* s intrests in Western Saw York about 1790* In 1800 he moved to Gaaand&lgua where he resided until h!s death* He was an honored citizen and active in the life of the district, serving as clerk and judge of the Court of Common Pleas and as President of the Ontario Bank* A ion, William W* G or ham, married a-daughter of Jasper Parrish* Humphrey, loc« .ait*, p* 299,,
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Creator: Fairbanks, Dorothy May
Date: 1940

Creator: Fairbanks, Dorothy May
Date: 1940
Text: The War of 1812, which; brought considerable fighting in Xortbern lew York and on the ii agar a frontier, involved many problems of Indian affair?, The Six Nat lone had 1 earlier under British rule* during trie Revolution the majority had fought on the British sidef and in the period after the ^evolution the advice of British officers was often heeded* Mohawk emissaries from Canada tried to persuade the Senecas to fight while the chiefs of the Six Hat ions tried to dissuade the Mphewks from...
Show moreThe War of 1812, which; brought considerable fighting in Xortbern lew York and on the ii agar a frontier, involved many problems of Indian affair?, The Six Nat lone had 1 earlier under British rule* during trie Revolution the majority had fought on the British sidef and in the period after the ^evolution the advice of British officers was often heeded* Mohawk emissaries from Canada tried to persuade the Senecas to fight while the chiefs of the Six Hat ions tried to dissuade the Mphewks from fighting* In July 1812 Granger called the Six lotions . to a Council at Buffalo to explain the War and ask them to remain at peaoe.1 The Tillages of the 3t« Regis Indian Heserv&tion were in Sorthern lew York and Southeim Quebect thus these Indians were divided by the. far* The following letter was srritten by Henry Dearborn, formerly ■ Secretary of War but at this time senior M&Jer-Sener&l in Command of . the United States Army* to Erastns Granger about the mission of a Sto Regis Indian^ C&otain francis» 1* Stone* Red ^F^kgtg og«>.,.cit«» pp® 302*31£*22 Letter of General Bearborn to Brastus Granger, 1812# lead Quarters treenbmsh,2 Sept, 29 - 1812 Srastvur Granger S«qfr Sir, the Bearer, ©apt* Francis of the St* fiegis Tribe, has bean sent on by the friendly part of his lotion, to use his influence with the Brnmmm & other Indians in your neighbourhood to be quiet -& to rems in friendly to the United States* - Old Col« Louis 3 who is well known among the Indians was the principal Agent in sending Francis en* - You will please to treat him with dme attention, k afford him all the aid in your power in effecting the object of Me mission* - It may be proper to introduce him to the Commanding General. - He is to return to this plane k report the result of his mission - I am Sir with esteem, yr ob srt (Signed) H* Dearborn (On bask of letter) Xrastus Granger laqr Buffaloe Capt. Franeliu - ua.Sreasbuah was located in Re&seelaer County lew Tork^ nearly opposite Albany* Lgm^man1^ Gazgffey ediWJ Qcxrrc^ C. Ckts&Ui, L WI6 Miles Weakly Register mentions 0 General Le^^s f-'o::- Plattsburg, tmTTa^^ lloFthem #ew York, October 2* 1812 isstaa^ whieh probably rafors to th* me indif i<tu&lf Louis* of the -it* Regis Indians* a firm and tmdenriatixig friend of the United States* and his son^ hate been in this tillage for %m®r-®\ weeks* The St® Regis Indians are disposed to remain neutral in the present contest! but what effect the British influence and British success may hme upon them we know not* Indiana generally endeavor to keep on the strongest side ~ « « Earlier * in 179^ SoYermr Clinton of Hew fork transmitted to the Assembly a speech made by Colonel Lewis of the St® legis Indians® Messages frora Sowrnors, op» pit*» IIt 343| The Miles Weekly Register, laltimorWt.....1811-49, lfl# 108. ~~~ uyThe :;.: t letter, frem Irastus Cramer en October 24, 1812, must I%me been written to Parrish hut there is no notation of the fact* The adresaee was requested to invite the young warriors of the Otieiaa and Onondaga lotions to a council at Buffalo! this tallies with an eatry of Icrrembar 13* 1812 in Parrish1 s expense account which" readst 11 travelling Sbqte to 1 from Oneida k Onondaga to incite the Indians to a Council at luff aloe - - - 18.88. Stage Pare to & from do * » * #9«S0* . Granger was upset by the report of a council at Onondaga* The speech from thft council of the Six Nations which he mentioned.is reported by Cruikshank as being made on September 29, 1812*2 fhe spokesman replied to a Buffalo invitation to fight by saying that the Indisns were surprised at the invitation because they had repreatedly been told to remain neutral* The Indians inquired what the wishes of the" government were, and «*aid; though few in number, they were willing to fight if so requested* Sra&ger unfamiliar with this invitation to fight and eofsmemtai: believe some White people.. In this County had a hand in tf** In the following letter Or anger asked Parrish to invite the young warriors who had arms to come to the council* but also wrote! **You can state the Indians have not been invited to take up arms** There Is no record available of this proposed council and Granger'9 s aim is not clear other than that he wished to talk to all the young warriors equipped for fighting* 1* Copy of an expense account of Parrish submitted to the United States July* 1813* In Parrish Papers* 2* Cruikshank* Ernest, 11 The Employment of Indians in the War of 1812,® American Historical Association, Annual Report, 1898, p* 332* /2f.23. Letter Written 'by Brsstas Ortntger, 1812» Buffalo 24th Oct. 1812 Bear Sir, Things- remain pretty sttch as when you left here* «* I heire this mining reed from the Bmj of War & speeoh sent from $ pretended Cotmoil of Indians held at Qmomdag® - lino a letter from Ephris® Webster5 i^ho signs himself Indian Agearfc* and interpreter under the State of Mew York - the Original^ are sent back to me* -Websters letter is haoked by Jasper Hopper^ who signs as Clerk of the Coimty - - fhads* Patohea and Pol ask i King hare put their Hemes to the speech Hopper certifies-tV.s.t full faith m credit are due to Websters (?) All the papers are addressed to the President, an Mr* Munroou" The Speech is headed as being from a Delegation of the OneIdas* Osiond agas, Stookbridge, Turner are 8, and Seneoas, held at their anelent Council fire at Onondaga* Thej complain, that a few of the Indiana got together at this plaoe, md -were invited to take up the hatchet - this they say is eem^ra to- the sdvlee of denl Washing ton and contra to the Wishes of their great Prophet, who attended their Counell* - - - 1 believe smm White people In this County had a hand in it* I wish you to "proeeed immediately to the Eastward* md torite all the Young Warriors, of the Oneida and Oonil&gas to a Council at 23* this pisee - 1 thoas who have eras - let them come mm.* It is necessary the Indims should be vatited in something* Yott oaii state the Indians have not been invited to t«ke up arms* g I shal^send far the Indians tomorrow - the Propet Is her© oa his r>ten - he did not call on me or Jones - If 1 can see him before h© goes hme* I shall tell him to stay at Allegany till the War is aver* the Secy has directed me to enquire into this business* and report to him® therefore 1 want you to stake all the enquiry possible respiting this Singular Cornell md let me know* - If my of th© Stoekbridge have a wish to attend this great Comeil let them com® and bring arms* Tours (Signed) I* Granger Ephriam Webster { about 1766 - 1826) was a pioneer of the Onomiagt V«Xlay« In 1786 he established a trading post at the mouth of the Onondaga Creek (present Salina) and bad a profitable trade with the Indians* He was adopted info the Onondaga V*tien» lining among them for several years^ speaking their language^ and following their customs* He hsc several half-breed enn-treri, including Harry Webi-Aai who became the head chief of the Onondagas* w»s very serviceable to the stats as intermediary and interpretert and for bis services received the state grant of a inile equare of 1 and/* fh'-s tract, given him in 1790^ contained excellent land on the west side of the Onondaga Valley* By 1797 he had disposed of eII this land and realized a large profit from the many sales of small plots* In 1796 he married Eantteh Banks* a white woman2 by whom he h»d two sonsf Alonso and Luc ins * In 1798 he became J:he first supervisor of the town of Onondaga® Webster is characterized as ■ "candid, straightforward* and energetic**1 and as ^a man of strict integrity and vc^raoity, and of adtmd judgment and understanding*® H® oft® served as an interpreteri he was at the Chippewa Battle In 1813 md imt with the Gnomdagas to the frontier« He interpreted until his death* He was well acquainted ;*4th many Indian chiefs* Stone* Red Jaoketj^op* e it* , pp# 119* 119n# 120* 120n| Smithy Carroll Br^^^^^Yimes in the Onondaga Somityg compiled by Charles Carroll ISmr^^ 4* Jasper-Hopper was a leading lawyer of Onondaga County* In 1797 he signed a lew York Sta+e Militia commission for Parrish Secretaryi the commission was authorised by Governor John Jay and the Council of Appointment at Albany * In the first decade of the nineteenth century he was very active in establishing Pompay Academy® Smith, op* e It. , pp*12S,-350| Commission to Parrish In Parrish Papers* §® Monroe refers to J ernes Monroe who was then Secretary of State® Propet is a mis-spelling of Prophet and refers to the Seneca Pe&ee Prophet* Ga-*ni*»o<'»dai«u or Handsome Lake, a Sachem whose iris ions were the basis of a new religion and ethics* He was born in 1754 on the lands of the fienesee* He became a drunkard and was becoming an outcast* as he became older* About him he saw the old religion and the old government eriK&bling, he saw the inrp&ds of the whites* lis apparent death at 65 was the beginning of his new mission® He was revived and begem spreading the messages from the Great Spirit ana gathering converts® He became the hope of his people* His religion included strict temperance, loir® of fellow men, responsibility for the welfare of others* virtues of family life, love* md c&re for children, the necessity f people being industrious and. humble* m4 of people living In peaceful relationships* The Sm&mmm$ Cayugas, and Onondagas on the Alleghany River became sober under his influence* About 1810 or 1812 the Prophet left Alleghany and went to Tonawanda* later he went to Onondaga where he died at the age of 80^ about 1814* (Cobtinned next page}' 111(cout toned) In 1607 Granger wrote Secretary Dearborn from Buffalo Creels 11 The old Seneca Prophet * « * has acquired an unbounded Influence owr the Six Mat ions - his fame has long since reached some of the western Indians. m At the time of the Prophet1 s death, his disciples ^©re in full control of the Iroquois national religion* The old religion was almost non-existent, all the Indians were Christians or Saniodaiyuans® The priests were instructed to memorize his messages so they would bo preferred* * Parker, Arthur C*, *The Life of General Ely 3* Parker/ Buffalo Historical Society Publications, XXIXI (1919), 244-61$ fabm^ of 1812 on the liaRara Frontier/ Buffalo Historical Society Publications, XXII,(192?), 23* nrIttdlhi joined the forces of the United Statas^ but there Is variance of opinion as to the time* fhe Buffalo Sazette noted the arrival at Buffalo of 140 Seneca warriors at the end of September* I812f" the files Weekly Register of October 9* 1812 reported that the Western ^ew York Indians agreed to furnish 2000 warriors wider Eed tacketfs 2 cmnuttd to co&trad with the hostile Indians* and the Register of December 19, 1812 revealed that brigadier General Sr^th refused to 3 permit friendly* Indians to accompany him. to Canads*" fhe skirmish between the British md Porter** troops at Hack look* Just north of Buffalo, on Jul y 11, 1813 was. the first "time Indians acted with the troops of the United States* according to ^abcock* There is also variance as to the formal declaration of war issued by the Six Nations on Upper and Lower Canada and the appeal to the chiefs for warriors® This declaration followed a rumor that Srand island, Semeea property, was occupied by the British* Some authorities say that this declaration was in the svmner of 1812 and others say the Bvmmr of 1813*4 The fact remains that war was declared® The following letter of April* 1813 inquires if permission has been granted to employ Indians* In July* 1612 permission had been given 1* Oruikshaak, * , p* 333* 2* Hiie a Weekly""Hegister,, op« cit** III, 126* 3 m ^' 4®- ^tone, Red Jacket, op« cit«, p® 314 places the declaration .in 1812 and his author itles" are Drake1 s^ook of Indians11 aBd Thatcherfs *Xndlw~ Biography,*1 md Arthur G* Parker* Mlly S« Parker,w lee* sit** pp* 28-29 sets the date as 1812* He cites no sources nor doesHOscooJc* loe* sit*» pp* 1Q7-G8 -who says that the declaration was a few days after Soak which was July 1813* The 111 eg Weekly Register/' op» oit«» I?* ' * 399-400 on August 21, 1813 and an aocompa^ing speech without citing source or d«te of issue® The editor1 s not® said that the Indians 11 were restrained {from fighting till now » * * m IXVGranger to do so if the Indians could not he kept at peace* The request below of Major General Morgan Lewis6 to incite the warriors to join him at Lewistown was granted* It was hoped that the presence of Indians would make the Mohawks, nftio itr@ fighting for the British; retire® Some 500 to 400 Indians* led by, banner* 8 Brother responded f to the invitation* The data of the ncitation and of their appearance is sot recorded, mor is their participation* 5'* Crnikehank* op, cit*» p* 332* 6. . Morgan Lewis 075^1844} served as a colonel in the Revolution,* then bee we Justice and Chief Justice of the Sew York Supreme Court* and from 1804 to 1807 served as Governor of ®ew York® In the far of 1812 he was Brigadier-General and Quartermaster General from April 1812 to March 1813 when he was made a Sa^or-General* In 1813 he served on the Hiafara frontier and in 1814 he had command of the region about lew York City® Lewis married into the Livingston family of lew York. He was one of the fotmders of lew York University. Spenetr,. Ctnrles Worthen, "Morgan Lewis** Dictionary.....of kmrlean Biography* XI*. 22-23f Eeitmen* Francis BTJ S^storac^^ B eft i ster ^^otlon-r^ of the Un 1ted.....States Arr^ I* 831• Stone* Bed Jacket* op» cit»* p* 516# /JO. • 24# • Letter from Morgan Lewis to Parrish# 4pril* 18iS« Buffalo 27th April 1815 Sir Presuming from your Letter to Mr* Granger that you hmm . ' ' by this time r®^ehed your own houses I wish you to inform me whether s^ny permission has been given by Government for the employment of the Indians. If there has* no time is to be left in giving an Invitation to such of the Warriors as have fira Arms to join'me at Leiifistown* Could you be r#ith them to keep tirm in order it would be advisable. B@ pleased to let me hear from you iJimadiately - - I am' Sir your hum^ Servt (Signed) Morgan Lewis Jasper Parish* Isq* (On back of letter) Buffalo W T 12§ 30 Ap 1815 • Jasper Parish lag San and a igna 131.At the Black took skirmish* some thirty or forty Seneeas* including Farmer1 s Brother and Xotmg fitsg# voluntarily joined the right wltig®^ ** Apparently General Porter without express authorisation decided to iwite the Indians into the service of the United States^, for a payroll nho^s the organisation of a company" of Indian? on July 12, 1813, the dry after the Black lock episode* the company Isolated 135 warriors from various tribes and also chiefs such as Farmer1 s Brother, Little Billy, Pollard, Black Snake,, The Indians are -mentioned on August 9, 1613 as part of a group stationed at Black Sock and eomaanded by General Porter and Mr* Parrish® Less than a week later they are noted at Fort George,^1' where they took part in a skirmish in which the enemy was routed* The bravery and humanity of the Indians was praised by General Boyd who suggested to the Secretary of War that presents be sent immediately for them to Mr* Granger* He commended the exertions of ^ranger and - Parrish.4 In September 1813, General Porter at Port ^eorge was authorised and instructed to nbring into operation & oorp of the Six Sation Indians.**1® The H11en ;«?epkly Register of October 1813 noted* *About 180 or 200 Indian warriors of the Oneida and Stoekbrldge tribes* for fort Oeorge# passed ^ t through €anandaigna between the 21st ' The Indians responded to the demand for warriors and the following letter shows plans for supplying provisions® 1* 8afeeoelc#loe« sit®, pp., 108-0? * Amerm State Papers, Military Affairs,. 1, 465, Secretary of War Armstrong to'"Wajor-teneral Wilkinson, August 0, 1813,. %3* lbid®, I, 451* Brigadier General John P* Boyd to Secretary Armstrong, ITgus t 15, 181S* 4* Miles Weekly He^isterop* oit», IV, 418-19, Boyd to Armstrong, August XSTlSlS. American State Papers, Military Affairs,, op, eit®, I, 467, Wilkinson^, to" Secretary Armstrong®~r' >orter was' So'"Instructed by Major General * Wilkinson who was command ing the Sorthem Army* liles Weekly Register# op® cit®, '¥, ??, October 2, 1813® Letter from Captain Ridgeway tro Parrish, October 1815 Balls T-evern - Octr 3rd. 1815 Sir, If the Indians should arrive in Canand&igua this Evening - & want ^revisions yon will he pleased to make the requision as usual| & say to the Contractor I will Sign, any reqnisiou yon may make for the TI® States Indians, - When I am not Present, Gapt Parrish S* Ind Im Agent Ganandeigtaa (N* T» ) [ am Sir,, respectfully (Signed) Fielder Ridgeway ' Gapt B* S* R Regt G&ndS Ree? Bis* Ho# S /J5.7m Fielder Ridfreway am officer from Maryland who was mads a oaptein in 1810 and served mtil May llt 183 4 when he was Btreek off® Esltaum, ope 6it* ^ 830* /Jf-The Indians participated actively to the War a la Dmemher 1815, General StcClur# of the lew fork Militia wrote Porter, * desiring hi® to employ the Indians for the protection of Buffalo, until the detachment arrives#wl On December 13, 1813/McClure reported from Hi agar a that the ememf had a considerable force on the opposite shore and that t3se«ral hundred Xndins hm^. appeared*** He also reported that h# had sont as express to Granger to call out the Indians because mmn exhibition of two or three hundred of them will strike more terror in the British than one thousand militia/ He requested that the Indians be paid punctually* General Pater B* Porter was in charge of the Indians of the Six: Satlons* In 1814 about fire or six hundred Indians fought under his 3 command * In Jme of that year I the Indians and abaut provisions* 5 ' s commands In June of that year he wrote r^rrish about a meeting of I* Bebeoek, loc* sit*, pp« 117-18$ imerlean State Paperg, Military Affairs, op. oit»/T7 486, nrigadier' General McCIure ttTSeeretary Armstrongs Deoemier 10, 181S«. 2* American State Papers, Military Affairs, og^cit^ 1, 486s KoClure to Arm sir ong* liagara, December 13," 181' 3* Bafeoook, loe» sit., p^ 14?• .........26 » Letter and Enclosure from General Porter to Parrislt* 1814# Can 4 June 12 - 1814 Bear Sir^ 1 have received jour two letters of the 7th inst« & oal<mlate on the pleasure of meeting you with your led Brethren at Auburn on thur si ay n«t# It is however -poeslble that m may not be in. untlll frid^r morning* as Capt (?) is extremely anxious to appear in uniform* nfoieh may not be completed in time for us to leave this before Thursday morning* I enclose you an order for provisions which I wish you to ' show to all the public agents on the road, well on account of the folunteers as of the Indiana* If no public provisions are to be had, you are m^theiaed to engage to any gentleman will understand to make the supplies* that he shall be paid the contract price* on sending his vouchers to this place or Buff aloe* In Haste yours sincerely (Signed) P» B» Porter Head Quarters Buffaloe 7th June 1814 C iroular All public store keepers, public agents or any other persons who may'hold in their possession public provisions of any description* will issue the same upon the requisition of Br Sen! Peter B* Porter# or 136.26« upon the order of any officer ®mmm$Sng troopn of the Regular Army, -who may he oh their maroh mtili further orders® (Signed) Jacob Broum, Maj* Genl 5 (Copy) In conformity with the Acre order * the Public agents & persons having th® custody of public provisions will open the same to the Indian Warriors, * to the Volunteers under the ord#r of his Ixoollenoy 8m* Tompkins® of the 13* March 1814* upon the requisition of Jasper Parrish, Esq* Indian Agent, and on the provision returns of th© officers ooim&nding oompani#s. of Vfrltrnteers* (Signed) P. B* Porter, Br, Genl € amandaigua Comg S* York Vols J tin® 1814 (On back) Vernom* On® 7 17 June 12' rorw* Jasper Parrish, Esq* Williams1' Inn, East of Oneida ¥illago '374® Can is peas!fely tta efcbraviation for Crnandalgua* 5* Jacob Brown (1775-1828) was a Pennsylvania Quaker who beoame Brigadier General of the Hew York volunteers i>a 1811 and commanded a section of the frostier in 1812• In July 1813 he beoame Brigadier General af United States Army, and Mrjor General in January* 1814 in command of West rn Mm fork* He led the land fighting of the of 1812 in ifew York* In June 1815 h& bee sane ooauna»der~ln--ohlef of the Army as senior offieer iad served in this capacity until his death* S© reoeived the thanks of Congress and a gold medal in 1814 for his gallantry and good conduct in the battles of Chippewa, VI agar a, and Brie in Upper Canada* Spaulding* Thomee Marshall* "Jaoob Jennings Brown*" Dictionary of Amerloan Biography* III* 124~25s Heltmm* op» cltsg. 1* 252* Governor Daniel D. Tompkins (1774-1825) was a Justice of the &ew fork Supreme Court* Governor of Mew 'fork from 1807 to 1817* and vice-president of the United States from 1817-1825* As Governor his interests were liberal reform and nore humane treatment of the Indians* .as head of ^he ^ew lark troops in the /«ar his position was difficult because. of inadequate staff and finances. His incomplete vouchers for the mousy he advanoed personally md the taoney^xpended brought much criticism md litigation*. Pratt* Julius It*,* *Daniel B* Xoapklog," Dictionary of American Biography, Will* 585-84. * ^ ^ 7* Ternon is a to^n seventeen miles west of Utioa in Oneida County* Sew York® /3f.2T Lettsr from Bdmtmd A* frowbridge, Indian Inspector, to Purrish, 1814, . Mentioning the Sathering of the Indian Warriors* Onondaga Hollow1 Jtane 15th 1614 9 OClock A.M. © Sir, All the Oneida Warriors that arrived last evening at Manlius2 hare arrived at this place there i»?-s 33 Men and Women* the Stoekbridg© and Brother Town Indians Started at 12 OClock Yesterday - 48 in nujaber,-Jacob Doekatrairer is expected today with his party Also Martinis White with his - the principal ones that are hare is ~ Col* Lewey Capt* Henry Cornelius Dockstrater the others young men - Yours with respect (Signed) Edmund A* Trowbridge Indian Inspector J a aper Parish lsq¥ tha Indians expect a visit from the Onondaga! or otherwise an invitation Tor them to call at their Tillage - !* A* f* 13%1* Onondaga Hollow was: south and east of Syracuse, lew Tork# ' - mention Journeys eastward from Ctiea through Samlius, ' immmlllB mid then Onondaga Hollow, the latter fifty miles from Ut tea, lfA Niagara Falls four let of the Tear 181? * * Journal of Captain Sichard Langslow** Buffalo Historical Society Public at ions. ¥ (1903), 115* ------of-*--—' 2* Manlius is in Onondaga County, eight miles south md east from Syracuse. ill!In July 1814} there were three important "battles in Upper Canada in which CJemeral Porter*s brigade of volunteers from Mew Tork^ Pennsylvania, and the Six Motions served under General Brown* the first at fort Brie on July the next at Chippewa on July 5* the last at 1 < Lundy1 s L^me on July 25* fort Irie surrendered with little resistance and the arm starter; far Chip-pew?*,* To facilitate the building of f? bridge. Porter* s volunteers and Indians wder Bed Jacket were sent to clear the woods of enemy scouts and hostile Indians* ^Driving the enaw before them* they soon came to the Chippewa river* where* to their umaiei&ent* they beheld the British crossing to attack* and instantly broke and fled*1* " In the Chippewa battle nine Indians lost their Hires md several were wounded•u Most of the Indian warriors stayed in ceap for some time after Chippewa* They then went to their own villages for 11 plausible if not satisfactory reasons*11 ©e&eral Brown approved the suggestion of Sed Jacket that the Indiana -on the side of the United States and the British agree to withdraw* two United States chiefs went to the camp of the British Indians and returned with a favorable reply* This resulted in most of the Marie sat warriors going to their villages with the under standing they would return if the Indians on the British side 4 id * Some forty or fifty Indians //ho loved warfare returned on the American and were useful during the rest of th© War*4 The raster roll (AT) shows July 23*. 1814 as the date of expiration of service in almost all of th© cases' listed* The addressee is not given in the letter balow*but perhaps w&s •farrish* Haitman* ojAt.....o it**II* 3 >3j Molester* John Bach* History of the People of the United States, low York* 1895* IV* 57 * — 2* H32nster* Ijg^ sit/* Vin 58* 5® The American Weekly Messonger^ edited by John Conrad,, Philadelphia* i&14«15* ll* 375-76* " ~ 4® Stou#* led Jacket^ op# clt** pp* 539ff* including the- pergonal recollections of §#neral Peter Porter® i.fi28 Letter Written by General Porter at Fort Erie, 1814* Fort Erie July 31* 1814 Bear Sir# I have this morning receiTed yours of the 2?th* It is the wiah of Maj* Brown that the eastern Indiums should return to the army as soon as possibl© & that you should send a message to them- to tils effeet without loss of time* At a meeting with the Chiefs 2 clays ago they requested that I would send sanies sage to the eastern Indians to return to Buff aloe immediately - They at the same time sent runners to ToKenr'UKta** Tuscarora, C*tuagusw t All eh any h today many of these ■ Indians are coming in* The Indians will be promptly paid for their services - ' • Probably as soon as th@y return* But I eannot myself undertake to ■settle the question Whether they will receive pay for the time they are visiting their homes against the wishes- of the Genl k when their services were much needed® As soon as your health will permit I shall be much gratified to see you here In haste yours truly (Signed) P* B* Porter Br Genl The toserration at T<mwwm&f\ (tonewanta) was mainly in O^nesee County* Sew York, iu the north -e.«t-rn part of the stcvt-, nejoining the rlfer of the atia^ The Cattaraugus Reservation was in Erie County, Saw York, touching Ii<?ke vrie 5n one cone?. The War of 1812 split the Irpmmiw Confederacy, both the 0a&*dt«m md Americzn parts considered themselves the true confederacy Marry of t-he 1 n yd Status Indiana tool; the o*th of all gianoe to the country and fought to defend their Irnd: this was a definite break 1 wi+h the tradition of British influence* the muster roll below of the Indian warriors of the Six Nations rmords the name of the Captains* Lieutenants, md Ensigns and the number of warriors from the various reservations and villages* It shows their length of service and the amount of remuneration* It can be noted throughout that the Captains received |40 per mouthy the Lieutenants $30, the Ensigns #20, and the warriors |8# Babcock refers to payrolls 2 in his possession which show the same rate of pay® The total number recorded is 558 Indians invited Into the service of the United, States* labcook states that there were 609 enrolled for service in the summer of 1814 when the Chippewa m& Lundy1 s Lane battles were fought* 1» Parker# 11 Ely 3* Parker/ loc« sit*, p. 37* 2® Bafeeoek, loo* s_it», p* 10TT /ft.88a Muster loll of Six Nations Indians in th* War of 1812* Master loll of the Indian Warriors bf th* six 1 at ion a invited in the Srnrie© of the United States by th* Secretary of far® his letter bearing date Feby® 14th 1814 - mA under the Command of irig® Seal Peter B® Porter fumes £ Mo Qpv^vKej^eemCHt VcPlr^Jd Sari SumlSrlvA ■ TX>i\s CV-s Jobs Brotm isp"! Emes_ Gap* L»ieu^ Jtme 10, 1814 July 24. 1814 #40 §0 54 50 w ft ft ft m m H#ndriek Sehuyler^Meut June 14* 1814 July 26 Yf » » « » w ^ 8 ^ * # ge|t g5 fuse' arore « SO 8 SO 8 8 400 - 1488.54 40 -138 -213.28 S91.26 Longboard Mountplees*. tonewanta Wames 5 Little Besrd John Sky*1 Illei^l^ Cattaraga gjaaes _ #*r Chief' Blaoksiiak@f Big John ^ Strong^ Capt Ensign June 25 • 1814 July 25. 1814 40 40 - 45 n n n n 20 8 Lieut Baslgn 55 June 14. 18X4 July 23. 1814 50 » « m n n m pQ 8 « n M H ft n Capt Lieut lieut Ensign, June 1. 1814 July 23. 1814 » ii » n M n 129 n ti n n « « 51 « a * 30 30 20 20 -360 - 420 40 - 28 -568 70 634.70 70 53 A ^.ptw ll<y>«a. \jJ*vv " »» ? « « 145 53 53 - W^r^f IVsfc*- •«■ 35 38 OvxS^w SM* 1803 42 2015.39"29. S®n*en Xain Viiir** ft Jao- Sorry Vtllw D Pollard Cs.pt 1814 July 23® 1814 40 TO S9 Yooag 1 lug Mmmt » <e if » it m 30 S3 - <Jaek Berry Lieut « ' m « *» » a SO S3 - slhlte Chltf** Ensign lit « * » tt. it # - i* a « « « n 20 8 SS 38 1663,82 18TS.55 at k Buffalo* j : Col<I8t Capt 26 « « 1814 11 July 25. « 0 1814 * 40' 8 TO 59 3S0 74 421.33 ©ernesee ltr#r & -> > Cay*** j Hot Breed*5 Lieat 43 t» » 1814 « July 23® ft w 1814 • SO 8 46 -§16 - 581 - Mm J^hnmn^ Lieut 30 Jttne 1® 1814 July 23« 1614 SO 8 S3 419 40 472.40 Parts of tlie SIjc y Station* ** K Pollard Capt 49 J«ly 23 1814 « S*|i 26® : 1814 « 40 § 82 88 809 38 892.04 laolmdimf 4 CtesWas Stockbrldca J J ohm. Jmoh Awljpi if Au&t » n . 1814 Sspt 25 . ... « » a • 1814 20 * 8 20 138 156. - Hi.S0» 9m Jasper Parrish Sub 1mAinn Agent and Idmimd A* Trowbridge Indian Inspector certify on honor that this Muster roll Exhibits a true ©nd correct aeeoimt of the number and description of the India® warriors agreable to the returns and Muster lolls from the swtral Chiefs of the six I at ions aiammting to Fi?@ hundred and Fifty light imrited into the serrice of the United States by the Secretary @f War Staff Officers lp Webster Q. M* May 24 - Sept 25 $40. 1161* .33 E® A* Trowbridge, Inspector ?? * « * 8 « 161. ,33 € slab Hopkins Adj J tine 20 - Amgt 29 40. 91, ,97 Sobt Fleming'f. Master July 1 - Sept 20 40, 16. ,66 mCaptate George fought ot Chippewa* He was a worthy man, end mil rettembered# both true to his people and friendly to the *hii#&» Smitht ojp* oit», 70. Scfcuyler vrs* the Oneida representative in the Six .Mations deputation of 1815, {se* 3 ). 5. Losgboprd wss the Tusoarora representative in the 181;; deputation of the lations, (see 50} • He signed an address of Tusoarora chiefs in 1800 risking the Sew York Missionary Society to continue a minister ami to provide for education* "fcetters of tevsrsmd Blknsh Holmes from Fort Hiagsra in 1800/ Buffalo _Historiefel Soc lety fublioatlons, ¥1 (1903), 191-93* S* fhe name Moimtpleesant is found sniong the f use sr or as st a later periods /fill)mi. Sountpleasant & prominent Tuscarora chief in the 1838 treaty* These chiefs are probably of the s«e family* lap pier, op. cit*, 11#S07~0S. ?» John Sky signed an 1826 receipt of the Senecr;s for provinior&,(see The title Governor" was bestowed on Blacksnake by George Washington* He lived on the Alleghany Reservation* fought for the British during the ^evolution, went'to Philadelphia in 1790 with other chiefs, and fought for the United States in the W*r of 1812* He was in the fort George battle of August 17, 1815. He died in 1859 at a very old varying in reports from to 117 years® He signed Seneca receipts in 1821 (see 3*) and 1826 (see and also signed 1823 sad 1842 Seneca agreements* Ho<%®* op* o it * $ 1, 153i Morgan, op. olt*, I, S3~70f Stone, Sad Jacket, op. clt.^ 114-15, Il8, mB^W^ 540$ Sappier, op* eit^ 1033* 9© Strong was i^eneca chief often called C apt&in Strong. Ho was the principal ehlef of the Cattaraugus Reservation. He has beon described as fia chief of talent md great influence among his people - a sober, deep-thinking man, *ho for judgment- and penetration surpassed most of Ms nation*11 He vis $&&&tioned' in 1838 as advocating on ig r st ion» The same year his sudden .and severe illness was the cause of adjourning an Indian council* He was the father of I. th&oiel T* Strong, a Seneca chief and interpreter. ■ Captain Strong was one of the Seneoas in the 1815 deputation, (son 50), and he sicked the 1821 anc 1626 receipts (see 9§, He gave his assent to the amended 1858 Seneca agreement for lend sale* Stone, led jacket, op. cit., pp. 392~93swBearborn Journals* ioc* sit., pp. £Bof August 31* September 7, 11, and IcvombiF 24, 1838. 10. Seneca Hate Tillage was in the Buffalo Creek Reservation and within present Buffalo, on the northwest bank of Buffalo Creek. Holland, ^Seneca Mission,n bet ^sit^ pp* 127-28. 11* Jack Berry Tillage was five or six miles north of the %in Seneca Village and was the stronglhold of the pagan party and the home of Jaek B^rry* Ibid.# pp. 127-28. IM12® Jack Berry lived at the term hearing hi?2 name and '-fas: a lend lug ■ Pagan ohief of the Seneoaa* He was the sob of an Indian woman and a white trader* In 1797 he interpreted for the Indians the Quakers* and he is mentioned several times as an interpreter• He could understand English and spoke it fairly well* Jack Berry was the chief who chose Horatio Jones from aaong the captives during the Revolution md befriended him* helping him run the gauntlet and urging his adoption into the Seneas* la 1789 ke wi o^e of the five Indians who appraised the pnyior<t fro.n Phelps and Gorham* He is mentionec in % late- letter (sea 31) of 1815 in whieh Granger writes* ??J-&ek B*rry cannot be depended on - he is druMc at every council*® In 1823 he was one of the three chiefs addressed at Washington* B* C* by Secretary Calhoun, (***' 43)*' He gave his assent to the amended 1838 treaty of the Seneoas. Harris, loo. sit-., pp. 391-92, 402-14, 418, 482? "Jacob Liniley1 s Jourms3~T"T"T 1797,n Buffalo Historical Seeia^y Publicatlona» ¥1 (1903), 1761 Kappler, o_p* citTT^^ IS* White Chief was a Seneca living at the M a is Seneca $ ill age at Buffalo* He was among the petitioners to President Monroe in 1818, (see The only mention of his nsme on documents Is that he signed the deposition of ted $&cket as a chief in 1827© Bis remains were in the group of nine undistinguished braves re interred with Red Jacket in 1884 from the Old Seneca Mission Cemetery. Stone, Red J^ek^t, og* eit*, f* 441ns Bryant, Ijac«. jirt», Pe 85. 14* Captain Cold was an Onondaga chief and a leader of the warriors at the Port George skirmish in August 1613* Ha was wounded in this fighting* The Onondaga signing the 1815" deputation was Cole (see 50), and an Onondr.^a Cole slso petitioned President Monroe In 1818, (see ?&)* ' It is possible that Cold and Cole r^fer to the -same parson* * Stone, Red Jacket,, op* oit., pp* 326-26* 15* Hot Bread was a Beneca chief who lived at the- Oannawagns Village on the- Genesee River near Avon,. Sew York* He held an hereditary sachemship, but was weak, inefficient, and had 11 gluttonous habits** Be .signed the 1797 treaty at B^g free. Ho« Bread w s a pagan and w s among the chiefs in the 1820* .3 who asked Governor Clinton to maintain the law that excluded pastors from living on the reservations® Sappier, pj>».....git9 II, 10301 Stone, °P» eit*, pp. SfS, 423? Seatrer, op* oit«, p. 259. 16. Hank Johnson wes s fhitman captured whan very young during the Bevolution* He war adopted and. reared as an Indian, and he married r* E® h*<d <?rcf*± physical po~?or ard -was an. excellent hunter® Hank Johnson excelled in fighting, taking part in xhe Fort George skirmish, and he an interpreter for General Porter at Chippewa. (Continued next page) /ff16* (ecstln'^d) Johnson w^s mong the few Indians who returned to the ffiratio; after the ral dispersion of the Indians in the svjtm~v of 1814# Ha kmom for hiB valor arid his chivalry # Th© interpreter of th« C^timrmgun Reservation, as he was called, wes hone-t and Paired. Kc ims dscoribed in 1838 r-: nm Intelligent good Joking & vigorous old St n.%* Red J»cket^. o?* clt*^ SMf^&e^rborn Journals? loc* jajLt ** ppa 204-05* entry of "lieo^^f 1G, 1B58| Seaverf og. oit»t p, 20$;*Joltnftoii, op,......eit*, p. 2391 .lowland, * Seneca H ss'ionT^ loc* sit#y p* 15le 1T» Colonel Flenrateg to 8 Quarter Master of the lndi?-n Cirps at Chippewa vm.3 r Ma jo r General Port#r in the swer of 1614* Stone* Red Jacket» op» c it*t pp# /JF0The War of 1812 upset the annuities paid to th© Six Motions* The Cast and aigtta treaty of 1794 had lucre*sec the 11600 annuity to |4500 as a permanent mmml expenditure in their behalf» In emrly 1815, a Deputation of the Six Hat ions conveyed a complaint to the Secretary of far that the government had failed to provid@ them with adequate provisions* The Deputation went to Washington* as is noted at the end of the commumic5.tion below* The high war prions were one cause of the decreased quantity of goods § another was the delayed payments of 1814«,x In 1811 and 1813 th© stated smouitt of #4500 was expended for the Six Mat ions and in 1812 almost the total promised* #4410* The 1814 enmity was not paid in thnt year; but finally in Sove-nber^ 1815* nine months after the fornel complaint of the Indians* 12300 of the 181 1 annuity- was paid. The Indians were probably mistaken in their statement that the cpi entity of goods wm promised without regard to price because the amount of the annuity is definitely stipulated in the 1794 treaty and the later interview must have verified th© treaty provision* At the and of the letter is a request of the Seneeas asking about the income from the #100,000 paid by Robert Morris in 1797 at Big free m& controlled by the Presidents the dissolution of the First Bank of the united States in 1811 was the occasion for the-.- transfer of the money from the bank stock to s loan to the United States® the 2 income was less due to the transfer* the communication below is marked * dtipliate11 but the original is mot included in the America? Ststc Pspers o^ lad 1m Affairs* 1 * to trie St<st<? Paper? ^ _Xn.d iaa Affair ^ ojKoit., IX* 29 f Statement of Annuities from l^ommtmt^MT5f :ffce'of the "department <f Wtr# 2* The atoek of the First Bank of t" e United States was finally liquidated at #434 p€?r $400 share* This money w&b reinvested in a loan to "the United States, b -i:3c at thai time of the government paid &%* This accounts for th® decrease in return to the Seneeas* as the rate on th© Bank at ok h* c t?v rsgad • Kmox, op* cit»#p« 705.......so*... A fJommunieatios from a Deputation, of the Six Iations to the Secretary of f sr of the United States* Brother, We are Chiefs, and a Deputation, of the Six Motions, for the purpose of making ^ome communications to the Secretary of War* on the part of our reepeetiire lotions* Brother, We would remind you of a Treaty formerly made between the OeverixHMmt of the United States and the Six Mationss this Treaty was mad© about twenty years sine® by a Commissioner appointed by our Father the President of the United States, for that purpose! namely, by the Honorable Timothy Pickering* Since that Treaty the terms of it hme been faithfully adhered to, both by the Citizens of the United States and by our M&tlonsj. in consequence of our friendship has remained unbroken* Brother, \ About six years since, a Deputation of our Iations had an Interview with our Father the President of the United States, at a tim when differences between the SoTernment of the United States and that of Great Britain were & threatening aspect*" - fh&t Deputation was then assured by the President, that if the Six nations would remain tranquil and not tempt to interfere in any manner whatever in the threatened alterations* they should be regularly furnished, on the part of the United States, with the same quantity of Seeds of Tarloue28 ieseriptioms, as they were promised by the treaty and had been fteevsto&ed to receive* - hut they must now represent that this engagemtet tm the fart of the United States, has not beam fulfilled* - soon after the time *bove alluded to, the oumtity of Goods they received by way of Aunmityf was greatly diminished$ - and .after the >far actually eommenoedf it has been reduced to hglf_ the usual quantity, or less? ^ which h.m caused tham great distress. Dm enquiry after the cause of this ftilure, in an essential part of the engagement of the Government of the United States, they have been given to understand that it was erased by the scarcity md high price of the articles specifically promised to them* low, this is ooB.tr ary to their mderstanding of existing Treaties! because as the articles /to be furnished by the United States as a portion of the annuity due to the Hations, were such ^s were considered necessary to their comfort & convenience9 bo the quantity and not the price of the commodities, was the great consideration with them in, their treaty before mentioned. Brother, We flatter ourselves that if this fair statement of a grievance of wfaieh we think we have fair reason to complain, was duly represented to our Father, the President of the United States, he would readily cause the deficiency to be made up to our Motion for the period of three years last pasts ^feieh is of mmh importance to them, although a trivial consideration for the Halted Sate si | md further, that the promised mqpply of Goods may be regularly furnished in future* - ■ m30* Brother We wish for soma information relative to the Capital formerly held in the Bank of the United Status for account of the Se&Ma l#tiont Our Father, the President* had the control and direction of those Fnads for its benefit* We hare been told that on tha dissolution of that Bankt omr Father the President past that portion of the Stock into the Public FMdss as a b®bm to the United States,! - but it is found that the amount they reoaiwm for the ms# of it, animal ly# is mot so great as heretofore when the Bbbk was to operations - Our Brethren of- the Sanaa a Sfjtlon do not perfectly comprehend why their income- is thus diminished* md wish to be informed • Brother, this is all we have to say at present upon these subjects* Washington G ity, B* G (Signed) Colonel Pollard Seneca Long Board X fnsngrofa 20th Febr 1815 Jasper Parrish Bub Agent & Interpreter /MrThis refers 'to the CrnttoAtlgoti treaty mentionabove» Ho record of this interview has been foundt but the aasaranoe probabV; th t th #4500 animal expenditure would continue rether than sane <ju*?*tity of goods♦ The treaty was ga err as nt proved b* trie C c v u > i by th* In dded legislation -m^ld heire he-m necessary to char-ge the form of the annuity* ISS,lit J ply 1815, the distress of the Indians was great because mo annuity hid been received since 1613® Granger wrote Parrish to this effect viiu bbM - that the Indiana were th.-s demanding the Phelps money which in Parish* s bends* The Phelps money-was #500 ea&ttftlly paid to the Seneeas for the land .purchased in 1788 by Phelps and Oorhrmi this perpetual annuity was in addition to a purchase price of $5000+^ Granger also reported a serious fight among the Indians in which Young King* a Seneca chief, w 5 severely injured by a Ihrr id Rees* The latter was s blacksmith for the Indians at Buffalo, his nana us^wl.ly spelled Grander* 3 account below of the altercation talli s> with the reports given by several authors* The itememt caused by the affair spread otrer the eountry and a party of Indians fro:® the Genesee Hirer region set otr to find and kill Reese® Reese was protected end not hurt by thorn* Young ling recovered and lived until 1855.2 1• Biggins* op. eit*„ p* 117* 2* Seesaws blacksmith shop was 0?} Saneea Street at the corner of Wash in-torn, Buffalo* He went to Buffalo in 180;* John Jemison^ son of Mary Jemison* headed the party from the Genesee lifer that wanted to kill teese* Johnson, og^ eit«i pp» 116,169, 295* 8ea?er, op# cit®# pp* 410-11, ouot@d from Turner, _Hi story of t^e llol 1 anT7nr^ase# P* 2951 Bryant, loc... slt+j p. sa; VrgriFliui Jourm!? "of to f'^rly Buffalo M^chaat^!____liitfelo pAiii^lcyl 0jo Public 17 (1S36), 137-f Bigelow, AlWt, "''The .fear'ly "Firm of JnFTstorrs and Corm*?nT»?l Buffalo Historical Society Public at ions, I? (1898),, 104/ 51. flhrmger Letter to Parrish, 1815 Buffalo July 20th* 1815 Sear Sir, 1 hear Both tog from Washington, T^e distress of the Indians is se gr©at, on eecount of previsions, that they haw called for the Phelps Honej* - they hms sent to the different Villages to be here in six days from this time* the Money in yo»r hands will be wanted* -1 hare now to relate & serIons affair that has taken place® On Tuesday the 18th. Inst® the Chiefs were at ay house in Cornell in the afternoon I went with the® to Buffalo to complete the business* About ,sun an hour high, they started to go home - Young ling and others - all perfectly sober except Jack Berry* - they had reerossed the Creek ** were returning home, and met with an Indian by the name of George - a Cayuga - rather a stupid fellow* ** some altercation took place between Rees and ffeorge about a spear* lees by repeated Blows knocked George down, md then kicked him in the fan untill he bled freely • fieorge, although sober, made no resistance, and did lot appear to provoke a quarrel. Young ling fc party**- being on the return home, came up about the same time, and scelnr the Manner in which George had been used by lees, felt exasperated. - Young ling hearing in his hand a light White pine stick, genre Sees a raf 01 the side of his head. - the effect of the blow was nothing. - Rees goes toja man, who had a new, hemy scythe in his hand - 15131* takes it from him ~ approaches Young ling, who was sitting on his. heree, m& at one stroke with the scythe, cut off his left arm -above the «lbow® - that is, he cut off two thirds of the Muscular part of the. arm, & the whole of the bone* - the am was amputated yesterday learning Sear the Shoulder• - —— Young ling is very low-the weather is hot, & we fear a fever 4b mortification* every attention, is paid to him* Sees is bound over to Court in a bond of f ^OGG* with two sureti#s* The Indians are ineemsedi 4 have sent of runners to call a Council from all quarters - Jack Berry can not be depended on® - ha is drank at every council* - So went in My agency has given me so much trouble* - If you can possible leave home - come here in six days time® 1 have no Interpreter that-I can rely on* My health is poor® <— yours respectfully (Signed) Er&stus Granger J* Parrish, Esq? the Phelps money in my hands is in Treasury Motes, of that deseiption which are to be funded at 1 Amit if your Bank 4 will tak@ them, you had better bring on the whole sum of f&©0» in small fates* £ 0 l^Bo 0ur Wigwam is in trouble* - come md see us if you can* (Signed) E* Granger /5*A mrm "b; of Meadows i© ioned as one of the first settlers of Buffalo Creek* sad in 1820 he had a cisae on the ersek> SIobu^ Captain James* ^JSarly Travel Houtes, Adventures and Recollections of Pioneor Trader * . »" ^Buffalo Hl^tarieal Society Publications^ V (1902), 233* ™ Jasper Parrish was a director of the Ontario Bank »hioh was Ideated at Can ends ague* At this time there .were Treasury notes outstanding of both and Irastus SrmgBr end Jasper Parrish evidently exchanged letters frequently 0m business matters® the on© below was written in the lata summer of 1816 and covered several subjects* Had Jacket is mentioned as wishing that the Phelps money of fSOO could be used to go to the Westward* This refers to a proposed trip to a council-of Indians on the Sandusky Rirer®1 Tim next latter reveals that led Jacket did go # The payment of money to the fuse ar or as probably refers to their share of the annuity* Rohert Plot ion ary of American giogra^hy# ICOSreMger t® Prrrlsh^ &sgust» 3.816* Buffalo August 29th 1816 Star Sir* Tow-letter from the Eastward* also the one from 0ana&daigua of tfee 27 th lust® hme been reeeiirda 1 returned. yastaMsy from ?^soarora# ha^e paid than thuir lousy the Chiefs at Buffalo (exoapt Bad Jacket) have eoaa forward and reeaiwd their Phalps Money® ~ -Jaekat wanted the Moaay to go to the Westward* but thay hare it all ax© apt #100* They haira mot informed me whan they ar# a going - in fact they are' diTiiad -about going* - 1 shall ©all them together tomorrow and let them know that In&ns at the eastward ara waiting to hear from than® I hare adrised them to oall on yon to go with them® - Wil^write you again on the subjects 1 hare but a small am in your Bank* • the situation of the times are snob at Buffalo that I mmst draw on the Ontario Bank for the wmvmt of the Phelps Money in your hamds* - be so good as to place it there to ay Cr@d it, so as meat -mgr draft j which will be called for I*xt Monday yours with respeet (Signed) 8rastus granger J* Parrish Ssqr* (Ob back of letter) Buffalo Tvr% SO Aug* 1* $ranger Capt Jasper Parrish y/ y 6-naadalfMIn December 1816 Granger wrote Parrish refer mg to the trip Westward made by a group including Sad Jack©t# Parrish mA 1earner* George Bossier was a resident of the Semises ¥ alley -who had been a friend of th® Seneeaa since he was irery yotamg*^ fh@ $e&aeaa requested that ta accompany them* v This council of Indians opened on ffcrrember f§ 1316 md man-- tribes were represented including -the Wyandots, ShswaMM* Belawaresf and chiefs of the Six Nations* led Jacket made a long speeeh to the council asking the Imd" ms not to listen to the 'British, not to sail land and be crowded by the whites* and to unite among ttiemselTes* us * * * form » • • a permanent mioa which will protect VLB in the future *** He asked the Tar long tribes to mite the factions with to the groups including the Indians who had gone to Canada* and 81 we will mite ourselves together wider one confederacy.3' The nations replied that they would keep their land* Little else is known about the eounell* It *seems to hare broken up without the adoption of definite measures of any description, for the benefit of amy of the parties concerned therein®11 le Mr* Oeorge Bossier1 s account of the council is th© basis of Stone* s information; Stone notes that the Indian archives contain no material on it, Stone, Red Jacket^ g it * , pp. SS2-63* , JJeorg? irosmer llfp -iSSITwas a Cana&daigua la .yar later practised at Avon, Mew York* His wife was irery interested in Indiaa life and spoke seir^ral Indian dialects* Their" so Will im Henry Cuylar Hosmer, is well known f *r his books on the Indians® Gaorge Hosmer Became - district attorney of Livingston County to 1820o Apf?letonf s Cyclopaedia of Americ P_ft_B_iogr aph^, III,. 269. Granger to Parrish, Dmmmher, 1816 Buffalo Beer* 11th* 1816. Bear Sir, 1 have reed* your two letters since you returned home*** led Jacket says you Must lot Make any communication of What took flaee st the Westward until he sees you - that a talk took place after you left them which Must be added to *h«t Mourner took doim*-1 have received of Potter the amount of your Debt of Hawkins® I have bought two Barrels of White fish at #2G* pr* Barrel 1 -have opened one for My own. use, they are good* - lou can have the otheri but the price is gre^tt® but few came down* - please write Me whether I shall send them to you* • 1 expect to be in 0$namdaigua about the 26th of this Month, and Shall Meet the Chiefs previous to My going * will endeavour to get receipt for the Money paid for the prisoners taken Tours &c (Signed) 1 Sr anger S Parrish Esqr* /cxOmb of the responsibilities of Jasper Parrish was the distribution of swney. In March 1817 the Acting Secretary of far, O-eorge #raham, wrote Parrish outlining the money to ba givea to furious groap* or indiTidmis® 34, Letter to Parrish from the Acting Secretary of War, March* 181? Dopartfesftt of War March 19th. 1817 Sir* The money which you have received from Ifche Cashier of the Mrmmh Bank o? the United States at Washington* on account of the interest due to the Sen#ca nation on the Stock held by the President* in trust for thea* mounting to five thousand and forty eight dollars^ you will pay 1 to the Chiefs ©f that nation, and you will also present to the Chiefs for the benefit of that nation the further sim of mine hundred ©tid fifty two dollars out of the money which you hair-a received cm account of the 2 Indian Department - you will also pay to Little Billy fifty dollars on mmimt of his annuity for the year 1817 the balance of the money placed .in your hands on the account of the Indian Department amounting to miMmtmn hundred and ninety eight dollars* will be applied by you in such maimer as you may think best* in procuring provisions md other supplies for th® sis nations of Indians who have suffered in consequence of the destruction of their crops of corn by the frost. The amount received by you on account of Annuities for the year I SI? . C14500} will be applied exclusively to that object two thousand dollars to be distributed in cash agreeably to the request.of the Chiefs* and Ifee residue in farming essentials* blacksmiths work* and other necessary sttfplies. I have the honor to b© With respect Your Obedt Servant Mr. Jasper Parish Asst Agent to the Bin nations (Signed) Seo* ©rah® Acting Secty of War u as.This again refers to Hie inv $1 mt of the Morris $100,000 for the SeaeQme* The Br melt Bask at ''ashing ton was e hrm^h 'of the Second Bsak of the United States® fhe in of |S048 interest is a return ( the mnw t of tot ?rest paid by United States Bonds; on an imresfcment of just over |34,i3S* This figure is consistent with the 'mmmt probably realised from the liquidation of the stoefc of the first Bank of the limited Status ' The stoek was liquidated at #454 p@r #400 share or for simplification, #108*50 per #100*00 share* Earlier 800 shares (#100) was asstmed as the mamber owned, making a liquidation total of §86,800* The diffareite# bevteea this total and #84,133 may be mcomied for % the romgh #stimatiom, the period of time during which the liquidation payments were made, the discounting rate, end the Imk of actual, information on the transactions* Of the Indian Department appropriation of #2000, &0rhsm outliaei 1952 to the Seneca chiefs, 150 for Little Billy* a annuity, and #1988 for the Six *ation&* provisions and supplies. /U.When Jasper Parrish was a captive momg the Indians he was sold by his Delaware master for twenty dollars to Captain Bavid Hill, 11 a large fine portly looking Mohawk TMimi«nX Ha lived with C apt a in Hill and his family from 1779 until Ho vember 1T84 when ha gained his freedom as theses uLt of the treaty of Fort StaawSju Sis foster mother Hill was very fond offiimi a writer comments* ®fiis Indim Bother, who resided la Canada after the Revolutionary War, sometimes visited him at his home im Ca&andaigua, snd seemed o look upon him with as much pride and affection as though fe@: had been of her owa blood. When she .became too old to visit him, h# occasionally visited her at her home*1* 2 In 181? she requested a friend to write to hc-r adopted sob md inquire about his welfare* fhe following is the letter written for the Widow-Hester Hill. 1* COPT, loo, sit*9 Z« pp. 546-48* Allen was told this about Parrish1-® foster mtEer« "30* Lattar to Parrish Written at the la quest of hi a Indian Fester Mothar* 181? Mohawk Village ffrd- Sivar 5 - Jmi 7, 181? Sir this woman eallad your Mothar, the widow Ha star Sill - Sha is vary mxmnm to hear from yen, ami sha hope1 s that you are wall# and always tmva is her mind ooneanslug yon that she calls yon a son ~ and all wsys ramambars you - therafora sha hopes that you will write to har so it wotild be satisfaction to har if only could hear from yam ** and ah© la wall k* h&rty herself sad living herself upon the s^m® spot of the Plaoa where sha all ways did live and har two soma thay ara living hy themselves - only har youogest daughter lives with the mother - - - lad sha begs of yo®9. if yota would sand har o^ anything you pla&sc to remember you - that mayha aha could never have opportunity to saa yom again, hut bcllcrc her that sha has a foaling for you is har mind - And wall wishes yon and sha hopes that you ara in a good state of health -and do well She sends har rcspoota to your family 8s har oomplimants to your friends or relations this is all the old women has got to say fh# Hester Hill for Capt Jas Parish 3« Tit© Moh VIIlag© tr^Ufit was probably the Motif* rk settlement on Grand liver, Canada where the liohawks mre most often mm.tl&m€ In this periods Another Mohawk settlement after the Kevolntion w- s fte&r Kingston in Ontario• Morgan, ».,c.lt*» I# 28* 4® This is probably the Indian name of the ftWido * tester Hill®11 Sever mentions an Indira named *flreat Bill** whieh resembles the above, ^St-Mi-ls-w&h*1 Seaver, clfc*, p* 157* v iciThe IndSan* of the Six f stlems sent a petition to President Monroe in 2818 nfeieh probably coTered many points^ hut the document below is incomplete; it mentions the concern over the Seneca money in control of the President md is signed by twemty-tto ehiefs of the war ions Tillages. The additions are interesting! a reminder of the Indians1 part in the War of 1812, and a request of Young ling for his annuity. There is no record of this petition in the Indian Affairs papers or the papers of President Monroe in th® Library of Congress® The following is noted as a scribe's copy. no.Scribe1 s Copy of 1818 Petition to President Monroe by Indian Chiefs* Incompletes that the United States had borrowed our money and paid us yearly Six thousand dollars - We should be grateful for information respecting the State of our money We should rejoice when we hear from ®wt Father again to hear that our money was again in the Bank ««■ Father, We hope that you will not be impatient at the multitude of our word our minds were uneasy, we eould'find no rest until we laid open our hearts to our Father - he will take pity on us, and see to all our interns - itay the Great Spirit preserve our father many years a blessing to all his children* > i 5 cO t\ s U t J Jaeket Yotmg King Sapt X Bille Capt j? Pollard Young £ SteTsasos1 Whit* Jjj?K Chief fweS% ^ C »aoe s f Seneca' if %ite 3 Kvs * I Chief JfK Warrior4 J J Capt. JT^ fhompson^ Charley J, Blue X sk^6 Big Xs Kettle Stride kv'fc J&< T o ws Adjutant * Peter mClL Seorge C apt® f Cole Capt« , f Fisher C aughneetaan MmM William t liBg SevtecckS Settee Qo^aA© Ono^jaaAV Ca- James Monroe. President of the United States m.29. I intos Calender of Buffalo* Certify that at thm request of the ebonr* mmrniI Chiefs of the Sis; Nations of Indians 1 rtad to them the annexed talk thro Henry York one of their people from Cattaraugh interpreted the same and the aboTe Chiefs declared through the same Interpreter th4fc it mm their vmrntmoms Teice* W# the radersigmed further certify that the annexed Chiefs further requested that they wished to add to their talk follows* iris* -that they wished to remind their Father the President of their readings in the late far with Great Br its in to take tap arms in the defence of their Common Countyr - Their father will not forget this* ^hioh 1b their mini strengthens their claim to his confidence sad protection. (Signed) Amos Gal lender Jabes B* Hyde To®| King - 'would desire through hie father* the President of the Halted St*-t*s to express his grateful acknowledgements to the Qmmrmmnt for hie Pension3 they were pleased to settle upon him in consequence of ivou&ds received during the late Wmr0 that he has understood it was to (Signed) imos Sall©nder It Buffalo* Indian tillage J mmary 1* 1818 We the undersigned being present* Certify as above (Signed) Jabes B. Hyde 8 Ileeier Coiburm !U36* hm paid Quarterly - he would inform his Father that ha has received oalv tliree Quarterly payments, that he nor any of his friends ha¥# teen able to find the road hy nhieh he might avail himself ©f his Money to this way* He would thank his Father to point out a way in which he may in future receive his money, agreeaMe to the act of SoYernment® At the Special request of To wig 1 irig (Signed) Mas Callender 113.1* fliers war a Seneca chief by the ¥10110 of Jseidn SteTensom fhs was one of the leading men at Buffalo Creek Re serration* He di#d in 1MB at the age of 8?, so would have been 50 at the? time of this petition* James Qtmmmom was the son of a Seneca woman and a Colonial military officer« fht re is no indication that Totmg Stevens or; mc J m * Stevenson th ^"person® Seeveir* pj?« e it •, pp« 24S, 248~49» 2* twenty &®n®es was a Seneca chief signed the 1783 Fort Harrnar treaty* He was a pagan and urged fSovemor Clinton to maintain the law prohibiting ministers on the reservations in the 1820* Si^ ramnifis were among the nine undistinguished braves re interred in 1884 with led Jacket. Stone, led Jaeket^ op« cit», p* 335f fappler, op* c'lt», XI, 24? Bryant, loc». 3* Seneca White was a prominent Seneca chief who lived n@ar Seneca Tillage on the Buffalo Greet: Reservation* 1© had two brothers,John Seneca ©nd #hlte Seneeaf they were all sons of a Seneca squaw anda|4rhlte captive coiled "White Boy#® He /ras a devout Christian, Joining the Mission Chnreh in 1823 and taking am active part in. it* He is frequently mentioned in th® journals of Heverend T*S* Harris as a Christian friend* -He signed UBrj Jamison1 s fill in 1823 and a Seneca land agreement of the saute year® Seneca White opposed the 1838 treaty of sale of land. He died in 1873 at 91 years., Seav#r, op» clt«, pp* 2450 249~5Qf*INtarborii, Journals,log* s it % , p* S3, eat of^S^pteS^er 5, 18381 Howl and, "Seneca Itlsalea** loo* sit*s pp* 12?, 139~40f"Harris Journals,11 lee, sit», p« 358 f "Register geneeaNi^i** 4« Chief Warrior was a Seneca who signed1'"We' 10-21 and 1826 receipts, CWU'/W (»tu and * " ft Captain Thompson signed the 1827 deposition of Red Jacket as a chief* Stone, Red Sacket^opy cit», p* 441m» 8* Blue Sky signed the 1802 Seneca treaty at Buffalo Creek* Happier, op- cit#, II, (pi. 7* Big Kettle was & Seneca chief and an orator 11 not lass distinguished among the Seneeas than lad Jacket himself • * Sa was a pagan and among the petitioners to Clinton who wished to maintain the exclusion of ministers from the reservations* He. was the leading chief opposed to the 1838 treaty and spoke v-dsxs I it* H® was also the leader st this council of the Corn Feast of the Pagan Seneeas* Beaver, og« oit«, p* 4341 Stone, led Jacket, cit>, p* 39S| "Dee^bern J onrnBl^^Too« s it«» pp* S2- 8?7 W, llB, entries o"f September, §« "3"a.\oea. tWc^e w&s a iiacWv amm Sc.-nec.as ird a ^cy^ % mt-dsioma^u Society ** -fe tW Ssneeas ? 4a!c vreek« He built a school house there and was well liked by the Indians ae translated part of the Bible into the Seneca language and conducted smgs of bymna in the Seneca tongme* He resigned in 1821* Holland, *Seneoa Hussion/ loo* sit., pp. 127-28* mA feacher smon.r tfte Sesecas, Historical and IwsoaaTl^ratife of Jabat BkoHus . * , BfifTgl^^HlstorieA Scanty Publications. ¥1 (10O5§ 236-?4. m4 C*agra*»loaal hot of 1816 aarartlad Young ling & #800 pa&slan ^nf a aaiqpa&e*tlo& for his lrw# si metarlcnia Harriots* r>nd ms a provfalaa for the irouatf usi dlability which ha raoaftratf la th# $mim*mmm.% of those Mfirioet**1 clt«» pp* 24?* £47iu n rJohn Gald#eil Calhoun served us Secretary- of War from 181? to ISff and in this capacity sent out mmy lattar a of instruction tc the Indian agsats* The exrenlcir letter helow signed by Calhoun ires racaivei by Parrish as wall as by other ladlaa officials* k eopy of the circular is inoltided in the Jtoariosn State Papers, Indian Affair s, but there are several mlBor variations to wording and form^ 1® American State Papers, Indian Affair®, op* elt», II, 2.70® fHroupiout the c^^printed "fit the State Papers ^Chiefs'* and 11 Several11 are- spelled with a wall initial letter and "gormmmzit* with a capital* In the first sentence the words nduring the session of Congress^ follow * seat of government,* end in the saooBd samtaace ??to them or their affairs* follows nto devote,11 and the word ^thro11 is spelled out as ?fthrmigh*" The letter is in one paragraph end th«re are two instances of omissions of oomas* 114.Circular from J* C* CftUunm to Super in-texidents end Agents for Indian Affair s, 1820* Department of War, 19th February* 1820« (Circular) Sir, the practice of Indian. Chiefs in visiting the seat of gov mrmuu&t is attended with great iacotrrenienee, as it is impossible to spare mj time to derote to cheir affairs, from the more important and pressing business of the mat ion* In future the Chiefs of the Several Indian tribes must not be permitted to if is it the seat of government* unless this Department is first notified, thro1 their agent, of their desire to do so, siid its SB-Hot Ion is obteteed to the Measure» Ion will inform the chiefs of the nation to arhlch jovl ere agent, of this order on the subject, and that, if they visit the seat of government without complying with it, they will have to bear their own expenses* 1 have the honor to be, Your most obe&*t Henri* (Signed) J* C. Calhoun Smperiatemdeats aid Agents for Indian affairs 114.la 1831, ^aaper Parish paid t*o ladians for their aenriees in the ifsr of 161SU At least tfere* espies of the ^re Mde this U marked*' He* 5. The money urns received through the office of P^ tor 1 tru^r* stsa the *ble Third Auditor of the treasury from 181? to 1S4S and mettled maw aleIns.1 1* fw Peter Sagser*** potionsry of &n#rift«n Biographyt 84-8S. Isgner w-e horn 1m HU'ftfeti&ia i&lftg* f« Satire* the of flee of the Mmmktmkt of as a oierk^ heesme principal olerk in If9% md Acoowitsn% r ladieotu le wme 09&ei«i#r«d an efficient snd valuable officer. Hagner died in 1850. lit_38«..... teceipt of $176 Acknowledge by Two Warriors for Pmrt in War of 1812* Wc the imder signed two warriors of the Seneca Sat ion of Indians do acknowledge to hme received from the United States through Peter Hagmer Ssqrs -Office by the hs&ds of Jasper P&rrish Sixb~Agent one hmdred and seventy six Dollars Sm full for our senrioea as velimteere in the service of the United States tmder Capt. Pollard from the 1st day of Jmie 1814 to the 1st day of May 1815 -Buffalo May 28th 1821 twenty 6anoes$ Signed Duplicates Hanging free Y In presence of ^^^ J»c Lay Jr 3 £* P. P&rrish 4 H* B. the word *Sea" after "Twenty Canoes91 omitted by mistake niTwisty Casoes Son was 9 Ssneoa warrior a&d a pagan who joined his father and others in the petition to keep ministers or black .coats11 off the Indians reservations* Stone* .QP». 395* John Lay was a prominent Buffalo merchant from 1810 on« Me mastered the Stueca langusge rhich aided him in trading with the Indians* In the far of 1812 he was captur@d and taken to Canada® After trsTeling on foot for lon^ distances he finally his way to the United Sftates* fhe partnership of Hart and Lay became the consign * v< As tor1 s furs® By 1821, Lay had ■ acquired a fortune* He is mentioned ra young in 1810 and it is presumably* this John Lay who signs himself John L&y^ Jr* Sereranoe/1 Journeys and Journals of an Early Buffalo Merchant* So^a\o HvbToYiCql SoCteti| ~ToV> UcdftTon* SOm), va.tr-^5. Edward _P# Parrish was a son of Jasper Parrish* He assisted-his father in Indian affairs* particularly in connection with the -St* Regis Indians* (see 57^ JT*). /Jfc
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Date: n.d.
Text: An address made by Thomas Jefferson (bearing his signature) while President, to the chiefs of the Seneca, Oneida, and Onondagua Indians who went to Washington in 1803 regarding a disputed murder trial involving an Indian at Buffalo Creek, N. Y.

Creator: [Brooks, John]
Date: 1869-12-28
Text: Monroe Dec. 28 1869 Dear Sir I have just had put in my hands the letter you wrote to Chaney Knight inclosing a check for $100 towards the monument I have erected to the memory of my dear departed son - This seems like a gift to me and is greater than all I ever received gratuitously before - I had not solicited or expected aid from any one - Indeed it did not occur to me that it was any body's business but my own - I believe now that if the project had been ventilated his acquaintance...
Show moreMonroe Dec. 28 1869 Dear Sir I have just had put in my hands the letter you wrote to Chaney Knight inclosing a check for $100 towards the monument I have erected to the memory of my dear departed son - This seems like a gift to me and is greater than all I ever received gratuitously before - I had not solicited or expected aid from any one - Indeed it did not occur to me that it was any body's business but my own - I believe now that if the project had been ventilated his acquaintance would have contributed freely towards the Memorial. The opportunities had been limited and so of course the sphere of his acquaintances; "All who knew him loved him and all who saw him praised." He had no enemies not one - What I have done has been a relief to my feeling and is but a small testimony of my appreciation of the merits of the fallen Martyr - As a Son and brother he was all that could be desired; as a citizen he was exemplary in every word and deed; and as a patriot He loved his dear Country and prompt at her calling He laid all his fond hopes and joys aside He sought the front ranks and there bravely falling A patriot hero and Martyr he died But hundreds of thousands made the sacrifice many very many more eminent but none more patriotic or pure it was the price paid for the union we preserved the freedom we bestowed the liberty we established and the prosperity which awaits our future well doing Time has done much to assuage my grief and your kind sympathetic letter will have its influence in the same direction - Your good words and gracious deeds will not be forgotten - Long may you enjoy the richest blessings of life among which is the luxury of doing good Your ever and over obliged friend John Brooks. Peter Townsend Esq.John Brooks
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Creator: Pleasonton, Alfred, 1824-1897
Date: 1864-09-30
Text: Saint Louis, Ms. September 30, 1864 My dear Miss Carrie, I returned to this place today, & as there is some prospect of my leaving in pursuit of the rebels now making a raid in this state, I wish to say that should you address your letters to me here I will receive them, as I have made arrangements to have my letters forwarded to me. A great deal of excitement has been created here by this invasion of the "rebs,* much indeed I am inclined to think unnecessary - Some politics of...
Show moreSaint Louis, Ms. September 30, 1864 My dear Miss Carrie, I returned to this place today, & as there is some prospect of my leaving in pursuit of the rebels now making a raid in this state, I wish to say that should you address your letters to me here I will receive them, as I have made arrangements to have my letters forwarded to me. A great deal of excitement has been created here by this invasion of the "rebs,* much indeed I am inclined to think unnecessary - Some politics of course had to be mixed up in it, & to appease the feelings of angry Dutchmen who refused to fight under Gen. Blair, he has been relieved & your humble servant substituted as you will see by the enclosed order.I regret more & more to see the bitterness of feeling which pervades the political circles In this section of the country; unless it is checked or moderated it mill end in bloodshed. I am popular here at present with the fancies of these people, but they are so fickle that I expect when I least deserve it, to receive their reprobation - This will not deter me in the least from doing what I think I ought to do, for I have not much faith in public opinion in times like these - I enclose you a very pleasant letter from General Hancock; it is a good autograph, besides giving you some of the ideas of as distinguished a man as he has proved himself to be. His expression, "oh how physically wearied I am," speaks volumes of the hardships and struggles our noble soldiershave to support, show they are groaning for an honorable peace & the suppression of the rebellion - Do not think it is any breach of confidence in me to send you such letters? I know Hancock so well I am certain he would willingly consent to it . - I told Ingalls I had given his letter "to the young lady who had the ponies," as a specimen of his levity.- He laughed, & said "all right I wish you to know these men who are playing so grand a role in the country's history, as I know them - You cannot do so in a better way than by reading their letters which are characteristic - Since I left you, I have striven with my feelings for you, until I am completely vanquished - To attempt - to restrain them, only increases their power over me, & I very frankly tell you so. It is such a happiness to love you that I cease to be myselfin my thoughts of you. My late visit to Southfield is like a beautiful dream of which you are the guiding spirit - and you will always appear to me, what your generous good nature, delicacy of feeling and true loveliness of character indelibly impressed upon my memory every moment of the time - You promised to command me? Do so always, and do not forget the French proverb: ce que femme vent, Dieu le vent: Remember me in the kindest manner to Mr. and Mrs. Townsend, and give Elsie and me a kiss in remembrance of our romps together - Good night. Yours as ever, A PleasantonMiss Caroline P. Townsend, Southfield, Orange County, New York State.
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Creator: Hancock, Winfield Scott, 1824-1886
Date: 1864-09-[10]
Text: My Dear Pleasonton, Your favor of the 6th instance was received. I had a perfect dog fight at Ream’s Station a few days since. I was outnumbered - yet had all of my troops behaved equally well (some recruits, substitutes, etc. behaved miserably) a decided success would have been had. Had Meade been bolder, we would have won a great victory, for we had fifteen or twenty thousand men between Hill and Petersburg. [Miles & miles] of the fight (which lasted from morn til dark)] yet not a...
Show moreMy Dear Pleasonton, Your favor of the 6th instance was received. I had a perfect dog fight at Ream’s Station a few days since. I was outnumbered - yet had all of my troops behaved equally well (some recruits, substitutes, etc. behaved miserably) a decided success would have been had. Had Meade been bolder, we would have won a great victory, for we had fifteen or twenty thousand men between Hill and Petersburg. [Miles & miles] of the fight (which lasted from morn til dark)] yet not a soul was engaged but myself. It was a great misfortune. I had been ordered to withdraw but finding the enemy confronting me, notified Meade that I would fight it out until dark or until I was driven from the field. This was about 11:40 a.m. Oh how physicallywearied I am. A little rest should do great things for me, but I cannot expect it until the campaign [closes]; So Sam Grant says at least. I have no desire to command the Army of the Potomac but I know the Army pretty well: There will be changes this [winter] without doubt. I am much obliged to you for your opinion as to my [devotions] in this war. I have been devoted, self sacrificing - and more generous to individuals than I should ever get credit for. I am glad you saw Mrs. Hancock and the children at Longwood and glad to hear that Russell [presented] so well. Trusting that this civil war will soon be over and that we will then begin [worrying] ourselves. I remain as ever Truly your friend
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Date: 1859-1860
Text: Autographs written for Miss C. townsend by William Smith O'Brien 129 Fifth Avenue New York May 27, 1859For Miss C. Townsend with M. Browne's compliment. Washington Oct. 30. 1860

Date: 1837
Text: Estate of Mrs. J. Parrish To A. G. Bristol Dr 1837 Jany 12th to plaster 2/.. April 21st, 23d to 3 visits & med 20… $2.75 April 2d to visit at night 12/.. 1.50 April 3d to 6th 10 vts & medicine .. 7.50 April 7th to attendance all day 40/.. 5.00 $16.75 Canandaigua June 13th 1837 Recd Payt of E. Parrish A.G. Bristol A.G. Bristol 14 June 1837

Creator: Dickinson, Nancy
Date: 1834-12-28
Text: Elbridge Dec. 28th 1834 My dear Sister It has become my painful duty to announce to you the melancholia tidings of the death of our beloved daughter Nancy. She was married and left here for Michigan on the morning of 5th Novr. She caught cold on her journey which brought on a violent inflammation of the lungs attended with high fever and towards the close partial delirium was caused by the inflammatory action extending to the brain, and on 19th of the present month her Spirit left its frail...
Show moreElbridge Dec. 28th 1834 My dear Sister It has become my painful duty to announce to you the melancholia tidings of the death of our beloved daughter Nancy. She was married and left here for Michigan on the morning of 5th Novr. She caught cold on her journey which brought on a violent inflammation of the lungs attended with high fever and towards the close partial delirium was caused by the inflammatory action extending to the brain, and on 19th of the present month her Spirit left its frail tenement of clay and winged its way, I trust to the mansions of peace and blessedness, her death was as calm and happy as an infants sleep, and we are left to mourn our irreparable loss. While we were daily witnessing the wasting away of my Dear and only son by consumption and thinking our affliction as great as we could bear think oh, my Sister what an overwhelming and heart rending scene of affliction this sudden and unexpected death of our beloved daughter must have been - but the Lord tempers the wind for the shorn lamb. He wounds and he can heal, he mingles comfort and consolation in all our troubles and blessed be his name forever. I want to hear from you in this our Season of Sorrow for I know your family will sympathize with us. give my love to them all, and that you may long enjoy health and happiness is the Sincere Prayer of your affectionate Sister Nancy DickinsonPaid 10 Elbridge M Dec 29 Mrs. Jasper Parrish Canandaigua Ontario CountyNancy Dickinson Elbridge Dec. 1884
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Date: 1831-01-29
Text: $100 Received of Herman Le Roy one of the Trustees of Certain Seneca Chiefs, by the hands of Jasper Parrish, late Sub Agent of the United States to the Six Nations of Indians. One hundred dollars in full for an Annuity (by an agreement made with Robert Morris at Big tree in September 1797) up to September - 1830. Dated at Buffalo January 29 18831. - Col. Pollard Signed Duplicates in presence of Geo. Burt E. P. ParrishCapt. Pollard's Rect. $100. Jany. 1831

Date: 1828-01
Text: No. 4 Tsier-hen Sa-ia-gos-gats ten - Ga-ien-ta-ron-wen - Picking Wood Te-ho-ta-ra-sen- - Twenty Chimneys Tsie-te-wen-ron- - We will say again Sa-ti-io-gwi-res- - Even Whips Ta-ia-got-ha-re - They are talking Ga-hon-wa-se - New Canoe Tha-nen-ris-hon Te-gano-ta-sen - Twenty Rushes Reg-sis - Pelo Tio-gws-no-ron - Valuable Company Te-hok-sea-sion - He has opened it Te-ga-hon-wen-oe-re - Canoes are falling Tsis-go-go - Robin Erot - Jew car-hi-is - Good Woods Sa-go-wen-no-ria-hon - Interferer of...
Show moreNo. 4 Tsier-hen Sa-ia-gos-gats ten - Ga-ien-ta-ron-wen - Picking Wood Te-ho-ta-ra-sen- - Twenty Chimneys Tsie-te-wen-ron- - We will say again Sa-ti-io-gwi-res- - Even Whips Ta-ia-got-ha-re - They are talking Ga-hon-wa-se - New Canoe Tha-nen-ris-hon Te-gano-ta-sen - Twenty Rushes Reg-sis - Pelo Tio-gws-no-ron - Valuable Company Te-hok-sea-sion - He has opened it Te-ga-hon-wen-oe-re - Canoes are falling Tsis-go-go - Robin Erot - Jew car-hi-is - Good Woods Sa-go-wen-no-ria-hon - Interferer of Speech Ca-son-nion - Things are on Ta-ha-hen-te - He is forward Te-ga-hon-wa-sen - Twenty Canoes Ta-gon-nis - Shoe Maker A-ion-wa-es Te-wa-tas-ha-ria-ge - Broken Knife Tio-hon-so-te - Double House Sa-go-ha-we-tha - He takes them along Te-gan-ia-ta-ro-gen - Between the Rivers Ga-ri-wa-ti-ronTho-ron-ion-go - Hit the cloud Sa-go-ie-nas - Kitchum A-la-wak-hon Ta-re-ha- - Mitchel Cook Ta-ion-hen-se-re - Brake of day Then-non-so-got-tha - goes thrum the House Ga-na-wu-ien-ton - Swampy Tha-ron-ia-wa-gon - Hole in the cloud o-na-sa-gen-ra - White Swan Sga-we-ion-to-wans A-sigwa-ti-se - Drawing a Spear Ga-ya-ra-wa-gon - Bag shook Te-ho-hon-wa-gweh - he took the canoe up A-ri-wa-kin-ha - Disputer Ga-na-so-hon - Feathers in the water Te-ga-na-gon - Scratched D-na-we-ra - Springs A-nents-hon-tie - Arms Flying Sose - Joseph Go-a-wi - Floating along Ga-ra-to-hon- - Quits in the water Ga-ri-wi-io - Good word A-gox - Eagle Sga-ne-gor-hose-sen A-wet-ha-ron-gwas Nia-ta-rio - Good River Te-ga-no-ta-ti-ron Te-io-ha-te-gwen - different Road A-sen-na-se - New Striker Te-wa-gi-wa-sen - Along the clouds
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Date: 1826-07-7
Text: New York July 7th 1826 Annuity Duplicate Jasper Parrish, Esqr. Sub Agent of the United States to the Six Nations of Indians Bot of Cobb & Antis 4 ps White Flannel 184 yds @ 44 1/2 81.42 2 " Yellow do 92 " 30. 27.60 6 " Red do 276 " 39 3/8 108.67 4 " Saved Tist Blue Cloth 77 1/2 84 82.34 6 " " " " do 112 1/2 107 140.63 1 " Blud Mix do 16 2/4 101 33.50 1 " " " do 17 1/2 187 39.37 100 Pair 4 1/2 Point Blanket 201 250.00 8 ps...
Show moreNew York July 7th 1826 Annuity Duplicate Jasper Parrish, Esqr. Sub Agent of the United States to the Six Nations of Indians Bot of Cobb & Antis 4 ps White Flannel 184 yds @ 44 1/2 81.42 2 " Yellow do 92 " 30. 27.60 6 " Red do 276 " 39 3/8 108.67 4 " Saved Tist Blue Cloth 77 1/2 84 82.34 6 " " " " do 112 1/2 107 140.63 1 " Blud Mix do 16 2/4 101 33.50 1 " " " do 17 1/2 187 39.37 100 Pair 4 1/2 Point Blanket 201 250.00 8 ps Light Calico 224 18c 40.52 14 " do 292 14 54.88 40 " American Brown Shirtings 1283 2/4 10 1/2 134.79 29 " " Bleached do 938 2/4 10 3/4 100.91 10 " " " do 313 10 1/2 32.86 20 " " Plaid 813 1/2 13c 105.72 26 " " Stripe 496 3/4 14 69.54 9 " Dowlas 596 15 89.40 12 1/2 doz. Turkey Red HKfs 24/ 37.50 6 Boxes c 12/ 1 do 10/ 1 do 8/ 111.25 1,440.70 New York July 7. 1826 Rec of Jasper Parrish Esqr. Fourteen hundred & forty 70/100 Dollars in full of the above account. Signed duplicates Cobb & Antis$1,440.70 We the Chiefs and Warriors of the Seneca Nation of Indians do acknowledge to have received of the United States by the hands of Jasper Parrish Sub Agent, Fourteen hundred & forty 70/100 Dollars, in goods, agreeable to the within Invoice, being part of our Annuity for the year 1826. Signed Duplicates in presence of Charles F. Coit Thomson S. Harris Buffalo August 22d 1826 Red Jacket Corn Planter Black Snake Young King Col Pollard Big Kettle Saccaresa Chief Warrior Capt Shongo Little Beard John Sky Capt Strong Tall Chief Jim Robinson Blue Eyes White Seneca Onondga PeterNo. 5 Red Jacket & Other Receipt $1440.70 August 22 1826 Annuity Duplicate
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Creator: [Prime, Nathaniel]
Date: 1826-06-28
Text: Canandaigua June 28th 1826 Nathl. Prime Esq: Dear Sir Allow me to introduce to you the Bearer of this Capt. Jasper Parrish, on of our most wealthy, and respectable Citizens. Capt. Parrish having expressed a wish to become acquainted with you, have induced me to give him this Letter - - - - I am very Respectfully Your mo obt Servt W. N. GibsonNathaniel Prme Esq. New York

Date: 1826 n.d.
Text: The Commissioners of the State of New York To Horatio Jones ---- Dr. To my service attending as Interpreter from the 11th June to the 2nd July 21 Days at 24/ pr day $63 - Horatio Jones July 2, 1802 Gentlemen please to pay the above sum Sixty three Dollars to Jasper Parrish & you will much oblige Your hum Servt. Horatio Jones Mr. Ezra Lamidien and Oliver Phelps Esq & C D Cooper Commissns of the State of New York Cananaugaras 2nd July 1802Sir Inclosed is a small Note against Richard...
Show moreThe Commissioners of the State of New York To Horatio Jones ---- Dr. To my service attending as Interpreter from the 11th June to the 2nd July 21 Days at 24/ pr day $63 - Horatio Jones July 2, 1802 Gentlemen please to pay the above sum Sixty three Dollars to Jasper Parrish & you will much oblige Your hum Servt. Horatio Jones Mr. Ezra Lamidien and Oliver Phelps Esq & C D Cooper Commissns of the State of New York Cananaugaras 2nd July 1802Sir Inclosed is a small Note against Richard Knight. I understand that he resides in your Vicinity - I wish you would be so good as to try to collect it of him - and you will oblige your friend -10-- John H. FrisbeeDoctor Frisbee letter Octr. 5, 1805 Capt Jasp Canan Nordly Sent TaylorCanandaigua June 28th 1826 Robert White Esq. Cash Dear Sir This will be handed to you by Capt. Parrish One of the Directors of this Institution. Should Capt. Parrish wish for Two, or Three Thousand Dollars, be pleased to Cash his draft on me for that amount- I am very Respectfully Your On a. obt. Servt. H. Willison Cash
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Date: 1824
Text: And Whereas it has been stated by the Cayuga Nation that they claim compensation for certain Lands at a place called the painted post alledging that the same were not sold by them, but where sold as they assert by the Seneca nation. And Whereas the said Cayuga nation have also stated that some Lands near the upper end of the Cayuga Lake had been by them given to the Pawnees, and for which they alledge no compensation has been made - Now we the said Agents do promise to report the said several...
Show moreAnd Whereas it has been stated by the Cayuga Nation that they claim compensation for certain Lands at a place called the painted post alledging that the same were not sold by them, but where sold as they assert by the Seneca nation. And Whereas the said Cayuga nation have also stated that some Lands near the upper end of the Cayuga Lake had been by them given to the Pawnees, and for which they alledge no compensation has been made - Now we the said Agents do promise to report the said several statements to the Legislature of the State of New York; to the end that enquiry may be made in the premises and such measures adopted as justice may require -And the said Agents do also promise that they will represent to the Legislature of this State that the Cayugas request that Captain Chapin might have one mile square of Land part of the tract now sold by them to the State to the intent that the Legislative will in the premises may be known-And Whereas they the said Cayugas have represented that if in the one mile square there they suppose there is a Silver mine, some difficulties might arise as to the working of the said mine, We do promise to recommend to the Legislature that such provision may be made in the premises, as ah all assure to the Cayuga Nation a full participation of the advantages ensuing from such Mine.Ch. Shuyler John Cantines D. Brookes John RichardsonGenl Schuyler & others promise to enquire respecting a tract of land claimed by the Cayugas.
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Date: 1823-12-09
Text: Tuscarora Village 9 Dect 1823 Report from the Tuscarora Nation of Indians I have complied with your wish I would inform you the condition of the Tuscarora Nation. Our Nation containes about two hundred & fifty. And they all get their living by farming. there are many of our people who have pretty good farms. Some of the families sell forty bushels of corn above their own use likewise wheat and from fifty to one hundred & fifty & two hundred bushels of corn & wheat. And also...
Show moreTuscarora Village 9 Dect 1823 Report from the Tuscarora Nation of Indians I have complied with your wish I would inform you the condition of the Tuscarora Nation. Our Nation containes about two hundred & fifty. And they all get their living by farming. there are many of our people who have pretty good farms. Some of the families sell forty bushels of corn above their own use likewise wheat and from fifty to one hundred & fifty & two hundred bushels of corn & wheat. And also some of our farmers sells from five to twenty tons of Hay. Since the late war there has been two frain houses built & likewise three good barns. We do not build farmhouses generally on account of the scarcity of pine timber. The farming utensils which are given to us from Government are faithfully used by our people. We have had a school for a number of years. but on account of the ill management of the school it was given up for a time but we expect to have one soon We have likewise had a minister for about twenty three years. but our Minister has been dismissed from us We soon expect to have one sent to us Our Nation I think entered the covenant with the New York Missionary Society in 1800 & in 1820 transferred to the W. F. M. Society We have a church consisting of about twenty members - We feel very thankful to the Government of U. States for their patronage and the many favors which we so frequently receive from the Government - We really hope that the Government will not be discouraged with our backwardness in complying with their admonitions and good will to us - but we hope that they will bear with our infirmities & still continue to encourage us - We hope in time that we will share with our white brethren in all their blessings both civil and religious which they enjoy We have done what you wished by sending this Your friends David Corkick A Tuscarora Chief.Coppy of David Corkick Letter Decr 9, 1823 Sent to the War Department
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Creator: Calhoun, John C.
Date: 1823-03-14
Text: Contemporary copy of a talk made by John C. Calhoun, Secretary of War under President Monroe, to three chiefs of the Seneca Nation who went to Washington in 1823 on a mission relating to Indian affairs.Brothers, I heard with an attentive ear the talks which you have made to me and have since carefully reflected upon the several points upon which you complain, and now makes you the following answer. That with respect to a Blacksmith, the Treaty of the 11th of November 1794 with the six nations...
Show moreContemporary copy of a talk made by John C. Calhoun, Secretary of War under President Monroe, to three chiefs of the Seneca Nation who went to Washington in 1823 on a mission relating to Indian affairs.Brothers, I heard with an attentive ear the talks which you have made to me and have since carefully reflected upon the several points upon which you complain, and now makes you the following answer. That with respect to a Blacksmith, the Treaty of the 11th of November 1794 with the six nations made ample provision, by an annuity of $4,500, for this object among others; and if no Blacksmith has been employed for the benefit of your nation, the Agent will be instructed to see that you are furnished with you due proportion of Blacksmith's work, to be paid for out of your annuity above mentioned. That as regards the annuity usually paid to you in goods, which you state to be less in quantity latterly than formally, it is presumed the difference may have arisen from the goods having been purchased and forwarded by the Superintendent of Indian Trade, whose office was kept at this place, as the law then prescribed; but as the Indian Trading Department was abolished by Congress about a year ago the money will now always be remitted to your Agent, to be laid out in such goods as you may wish him to purchase, at New York or any other place where they can be had of a suitable quality and on the best terms. Your request, to have the copies of the treaties with the six nations, with which you were formerly furnished, renewed, is granted. But as the Department is very busy, and it will take some time to prepare the copies, they cannot be given to you now, but will be forwarded to you by mail as soon as there is sufficient leisure to attend to them. You state that Captain Parrish, your Agent, is going contrary to orders, and wish him and Capt. Jones the Interpreter to be put aside. Captain Parrish has been for many years acting as your Agent, and some of the Chiefs of the six nations have recently expressed themselves well satisfied with his conduct and also with that of the Interpreter, and wish them continued. But as the government has no desire to protect the Agent when he acts wrong, the printed copy of the proceedings of the Great Indian Council held at Tonewanta in August last, which was transmitted to this Department and contained charges against Capt Parrish similar to those which you have now made, was enclosed to Genl. Peter B. Porter, a gentleman of great respectability, and who is well known to your nation, in order that he might investigate the charges, which he did; and it appears by the report which he has made to this Department that the charges were not well founded. The Government considers itself bound to sustain its officers while their conduct is correct; but if any charges are brought against the Agent or the Interpreter, and supported by proper evidence, they will be immediately displaced. But to remove all ground of complaint in future on the subject of the annuity the Agent will be directed to call on you for a list of such goods as you may want your annuity paid in, to purchase them in New York, or any other convenient place, on the best terms they can be had, and to distribute them among you in the presence of some respectable person in whom you have confidence. As to the ministers who are among you, whom you state have caused a division in your Councils, they are not personally known to the Government, but they are usually some of or best men, whose object is of a very different character - it is to give you good advice, which if attended to, instead of dividing and making you enemies to each other, will unite you in the bonds of friendship and peace. You say that there are two pathes - one for the white man, and another for the Red man - This was the case and did well enough many years ago, when the Red people were numerous and roamed at large over this great Island and lived upon game, with which it then abounded; but now, that their numbers have become small, confined to narrow limits, and game scarce; if not voluntarily done, necessity will, eventually, compel the Red man to leave his path and travel in that of the white man - to abandon his accustomed habits and pursuits for those of civilized life. As to your objections to remove to Green Bay, it is entirely at your optino to go or stay; the Government will never take any steps to compel you to do either; you are at perfect liberty to follow your inclination in this respect. But it is believed that your interest would be promoted by a removal to that country - The distance which it would place between you and the white settlements would prevent the collisions which now frequently happen between you; the various tribes composing the six nations, which are now scattered over several distinct and distant reservations, could then be united in one body on one tract of Country owned in common by all, where game is plenty, and where your settlements would be, for many years to come, unmolested by the too near approach of those of the white people. What I now say is not intended to urge you to move; it is only offered to your consideration in the way of advice, and you are free to adopt or reject it, according to your inclinations. You complain of the white settlers cutting your timber without your consent and stealing your horses and Cows. This furnished evince of the truth of what I have just said to you. Surrounded as you are now by the white people, bad men will, in spite of the law and all of our efforts to prevent it, sometimes trespass upon you. The Department is, however, disposed to extend to you the justice which the law allows; and if you will exhibit a specific statement of the depredations which have been committed upon your property, with the necessary evidence to support it, it will be considered by the Department and such reparation ordered as may appear to be proper. I take this opportunity to mention that the proprietors of the right to purchase your lands are as much interested as yourselves to prevent the timber from being cut down and destroyed, and for the better securing it against depredations they are desirous to have the lands surveyed. As this measure will not effect your rights in the smallest degree and will be advantageous to the proprietors, it is presumed you will have no objection to permitting them to proceed with it. You have now finished your business, and I hope satisfactorily. I have allowed you $150, out of the Indian Fund to pay your expenses home; if you think that is not sufficient and wish an advance from your annuity, I will direct it to be made, to a reasonable amount. Given under my hand and at the seal of the War Office of the United States, at the City of Washington this 14th day of March, in the year of our Lord 1823. J. C. Calhoun.Copy of a Talk made by the Secretary of War to - Red Jacket Major Berry & Cornplanter, Chiefs of the Seneca Nation residing in N. York March 14, 1823
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Creator: Redfield, Herman J.
Date: 1822-06-06
Text: To Red Jacket, John Fop, John Bluesky Cornplanter, David Sky, Capt. Jemmy, erter Bldwin and Bigfriar, Since you were here I have seen Mr. Bingham. He thinks that the General Council of all the Six Nations have not resolved that they will not have a missionary at Tonewanda, as you told me - He says that your great council will meet in a few days. If so I would advise you to be quiet until after the council meets. Mr. Bingham says, that if they resolve that they will not have a missionary at...
Show moreTo Red Jacket, John Fop, John Bluesky Cornplanter, David Sky, Capt. Jemmy, erter Bldwin and Bigfriar, Since you were here I have seen Mr. Bingham. He thinks that the General Council of all the Six Nations have not resolved that they will not have a missionary at Tonewanda, as you told me - He says that your great council will meet in a few days. If so I would advise you to be quiet until after the council meets. Mr. Bingham says, that if they resolve that they will not have a missionary at Tonewanda he will immediately go away ------ Herman J. Redfield Le Roy June 6th 1822 True CopyH. J. Redfield Letter June 6 1829Copy of a letter to Red Jacket & others Chiefs of the Seneca Nation
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Date: 1821-05-28
Text: $100 Recd of Le Roy Bayard and Mr. Evers & Thomas Morris per the hands of Jasper Parrish Sub Agent to the Six Nations of Indians one hundred Dollars it being in full for an Annuity due me by an agreement made with Robert Morris at Big Tree in September 1797 up to September 1820 - Signed Duplicate Receipts Dated Buffalo May 28th. 1821 In presence of H. Cunningham E. P. Parrish Young KingYoung King's Rect. $100 1821$6000 We the Sachems Chiefs and Warriors of the Seneca Nation do...
Show more$100 Recd of Le Roy Bayard and Mr. Evers & Thomas Morris per the hands of Jasper Parrish Sub Agent to the Six Nations of Indians one hundred Dollars it being in full for an Annuity due me by an agreement made with Robert Morris at Big Tree in September 1797 up to September 1820 - Signed Duplicate Receipts Dated Buffalo May 28th. 1821 In presence of H. Cunningham E. P. Parrish Young KingYoung King's Rect. $100 1821$6000 We the Sachems Chiefs and Warriors of the Seneca Nation do acknowledge to have receive from the United States per the hands of Jasper Parrish Sub-Agent of the U. S. to the Six Nations of Indians Six thousand Dollars in full for the interest due on the Stock held in trust by the President of the United States for the use of the said Seneca Nation of Indians Buffalo May 28th 1821 Signed Duplicates Young King Red Jacket Corn Planter Little Billy Black Snake Captain Pollard Captain Shongo Captain Strong Little Beard Chief Warrior In presence of H. Cunningham Jones Jno Lay JR H. PrattExpedient - Signed - Cannandagua Apr. 8th 1799- Moles Hawley Emos Hawley Daniel Steele Joel Junks Harvey Steck Henry Hawley …Hawley Thad Remington Jonas Hastings Holland Godding Hugh Jameson John Cooley
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Date: 1821-05-28
Text: $170 We the undersigned two warriors of the Seneca Nation of Indians do acknowledge to have received from the United States through Peter Hagner Esqrs Office by the hands of Jasper Parrish Sub-Agent one hundred and seventy six Dollars in full for our services as volunteers in the service of the United States under Capt. Pollard from the 1st day of June 1814 to the 1st day of May 1815 - Buffalo May 28th 1821 Signed Duplicates In presence of Jno Lay Jr E. P. Parrish Twenty Canoes Hanging Tree N...
Show more$170 We the undersigned two warriors of the Seneca Nation of Indians do acknowledge to have received from the United States through Peter Hagner Esqrs Office by the hands of Jasper Parrish Sub-Agent one hundred and seventy six Dollars in full for our services as volunteers in the service of the United States under Capt. Pollard from the 1st day of June 1814 to the 1st day of May 1815 - Buffalo May 28th 1821 Signed Duplicates In presence of Jno Lay Jr E. P. Parrish Twenty Canoes Hanging Tree N. B. the word "Son"after "Twenty Canoes" omitted by mistakeTwenty Canoes Son & Hanging Tree Recd. $170 28 May 1821 No. 3. Duplicate
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Date: 1820-09-21
Text: Whereas by an act passed in the first year of our Reign initialed "An Act to enable his majesty to grant pensions to officers and attendants upon His ____ late majesty and other persons to whom "His said late Majesty had granted pensions and allowances "it was found expedient to enable us to make some provisions for certain of the Officers Attendants and Servants of Om lake Royal Father of happy and glorious memory and for certain person to whom on said late Royal Father had...
Show moreWhereas by an act passed in the first year of our Reign initialed "An Act to enable his majesty to grant pensions to officers and attendants upon His ____ late majesty and other persons to whom "His said late Majesty had granted pensions and allowances "it was found expedient to enable us to make some provisions for certain of the Officers Attendants and Servants of Om lake Royal Father of happy and glorious memory and for certain person to whom on said late Royal Father had granted pensions and Allowances payable out of his privy … And it was therefore enabled that it should be lawful for US to grant such pensions and allowances to such persons as he might think for not exceeding to any person the amount of the Salary allowance or person which he or she received immediately preceding the Demise of our said take Royal Father and not exceeding in the whole the sum of twenty one thousand seven hundred and fifteen pounds sixteen shillings and six pence per annum ad to charge the same upon the consolidated fund of the United Kingdom official Britain and ireland and which pensions so to be granted should commence from the 5th day of July 1820 and lo be paid and payable quarterly at the deceitful of the Exchequer at Westminster out of the said consolidated Fund free and clear of and from all taxes changes and other deductions whatsoever And whereas we are graciously pleased to give and grant into Richard Warrington ….. annuity or Yearly pension of one hundred and thirty pounds to commence from she said 5th day of July 1820 Our will and Pleasure is and we do hereby direct authorize and command that you do free and pay or cause to be issued and paid out of any Money which now is or which from time to time shall be and remain in the recipe of the … of the Monies comparing the Consolidated and offered Britain and Ireland into the Intact: in office: Audit: Receipt: … said Richard Warrington or to his assigns the said Annuity or Yearly pension of One hundred and thirty pounds for and during the life of the said Richard Warrington … account and without any fees or charges to be demanded or taken for paying the same or any part thereof to commence and take effect from the said 5th day of July 1820 and from henceforth to be paid quarterly on the four most usual days of payment in the ;year that is to say the 10th day of October the 5th day of January the 5th day of April and the 5th day of July in each and every year And for so doing this shall be your warrant given at our Point at Carlton House this 21st day of Septemeber 1820 In the first year of our Reign By his Majesty's Command The Commissions of our Treasury [illegible Ed Robers Dept :Cler: Pellium… 11th ..1839..
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Date: 1819-05-18
Text: Know all men by these presents that we Jacob Dockstader called in the Oneida language Jacob Towah hagalaquon son of Capt Honjury To onwenloloquon of the Revolutionary army an Oneida Indian, and William Lacohalasee son of Lieut John Lacohalasee of the said army also an Oneida Indian, and Taneka alea-tuns-than, widow of Lieut Cornelius Ca-herkitoloon, of the same army, and Abraham John, son of Capt. John Ota-aweeh-ttoon of the same army, and Anna. Ja-co-ta-loon-ho grand daughter of Lieut....
Show moreKnow all men by these presents that we Jacob Dockstader called in the Oneida language Jacob Towah hagalaquon son of Capt Honjury To onwenloloquon of the Revolutionary army an Oneida Indian, and William Lacohalasee son of Lieut John Lacohalasee of the said army also an Oneida Indian, and Taneka alea-tuns-than, widow of Lieut Cornelius Ca-herkitoloon, of the same army, and Abraham John, son of Capt. John Ota-aweeh-ttoon of the same army, and Anna. Ja-co-ta-loon-ho grand daughter of Lieut. Cornelius Oqui-ontaa of the Same army and David O Coon-tatekha, son of Lieut Henjost To-we-sa-quol-hoon of the same army, do hereby and severally appoint & each for himself and herself appoints Capt Jasper Parish of Canandaigua in the county of Ontario & State of New York his & her attorney to ask for, demand & receive at the proper department of the Government of the United States for our respective use & benefit & for that of the other heirs of the Officers above named the customary assurance for the lands due to the said Officers for their respective services in the Revolutionary War and to do all acts necessary for procuring such assurance the same as we would do were we personally present. In witness whereof we have respectively set our hands and seal to these presents this 25th day of September 1824. Jacob Towah hagalaquon William Lacohalasee Tanekalea tunstha Anna Ja-co-ta-loon Abraham John Atonine Kiketote David Oloontatchkha Signed & sealed in presence of Saml Dakin Atty for O. IndiansAlso the following persons have signed those premises - Elisabeth Kawanayale Margarett Skeaundo The above is signed & sealed in presents of Charles G. Eggleston Oneida Sept. 27 - 1824Oneida Sept 27 Paid 37 1/2 Capt Parrish Indian Agent Canandagua
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Creator: [Hugh or August Pistor or Piston]
Date: 1818-12-[10]
Text: Dw in. 1818 Augt. Piston

Date: 1818-01-01
Text: that the United States had borrowed our money and paid us yearly Six thousand dollars - We should be grateful for information respecting the State of our money - We should rejoice when we hear from our Father again to hear that our money was again in the Bank -- Father, We hope that you will not be impatient at the multitude of our word our minds were uneasy, we could find no rest until we laid open our hearts to our Father - he will take pity on us, and see to all our interests - may the...
Show morethat the United States had borrowed our money and paid us yearly Six thousand dollars - We should be grateful for information respecting the State of our money - We should rejoice when we hear from our Father again to hear that our money was again in the Bank -- Father, We hope that you will not be impatient at the multitude of our word our minds were uneasy, we could find no rest until we laid open our hearts to our Father - he will take pity on us, and see to all our interests - may the Great Spirit preserve our father many years a blessing to all his children. Senecas of Buffalo Village Red Jacket Young King Capt Bille Capt Pollard Young Stevenson White Chief Twenty Canoes Seneca White Senecas of Cataraugey Chief Warrior Capt. Thompson Tonewanta Senecas Charle Blue Sky Big Kettle Stride Town Adjutant Peter George Onandagai Capt. Cole Capt. Fisher Caughneetaan Cayuga David King William KingI Amos Calender of Buffalo. Ceritfy that at the request of the above named Chiefs of the Six Nations of Indians I read to them the annexed talk throe Henry York one of their people from Battaraugh who interpreted the same and the above Chiefs declared through the same Interpreter that it was their unanimous Voice Amos Callender At Buffalo. Indian Village January 1. 1818 We the undersigned being present, Certify as above Jabez B. Hyde Eleazer Colburn We the undersigned further certify that the annexed Chiefs further requested that they wished to add to their talk as follows. viz. - that they wished to remind their Father the President of their readings in the late War with Great Britain to take up arms in the defense of their Common Country - Their father will claim to his confidence and protection Amos Callender Jabez B. Hyde Young King - would desire through his Father, the President of the United States to express his grateful acknowledgements to the Government for the Pension they were pleased to settle upon him in consequence of wounds received during the late War, that he has understood it was to be paid Quarterly - he would inform his Father that he has received only three Quarterly payments, that he nor any of his friends have been able to find the road by which he might avail himself of his Money in this way. He would thank his Father to point out a way in which he may in future receive his money, agreeable to the act of Government. At the Special request of Young King Amos Callender
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Creator: Six Nations
Date: 1815-02-20
Text: A Communication from a Deputation of the Six Nations to the Secretary of War of the United States Brother, We are chiefs, and a Deputation, of the Six Nations, for the purpose of making some communications to the Secretary of War, on the part of our respective Nations. Brother, We would remind you of a Treaty formerly made between the Government of the United States and the Six Nations: this Treaty was made about twenty years since by a Commissioner appointed by our Father the President of...
Show moreA Communication from a Deputation of the Six Nations to the Secretary of War of the United States Brother, We are chiefs, and a Deputation, of the Six Nations, for the purpose of making some communications to the Secretary of War, on the part of our respective Nations. Brother, We would remind you of a Treaty formerly made between the Government of the United States and the Six Nations: this Treaty was made about twenty years since by a Commissioner appointed by our Father the President of the United States, for that purpose: namely by the Honorable Timothy Pickering. Since that Treaty the terms of it have been faithfully adhered to, both by the Citizens of the United States and by our Nations; in consequence of which, our Friendship has remained unbroken. Brother, About six years since, a Deputation of our Nations had an interview with our Father the President of the United States, at a time when differences between the Government of the United States and that of Great Britain were a threatening aspect. - That Deputation was then assured by the President, that if the Six Nations would remain tranquil and not attempt to interfere in any manner whatever in the threatened altercations, they should be regularly furnished, on the part of the United States with the same quantity of Goods of various descriptions, as they were promised by the Treaty and had been accustomed to receive;- but they must now represent that this engagement on the part of the United States, has not been fulfilled: - soon after the time above alluded to, the quantity of goods the received by way of Annuity, was greatly diminished, - and after the War actually commenced, it has been reduced to half the usual quantity, or less; - which has caused them great distress. On enquiry after the cause of this failure, in an essential part of the engagement of the Government of the United States, they have been given to understand that it was caused by the scarcity and high price of the articles specifically promised to them. Now, this is contrary to their understanding of existing Treaties; because as the articles to be furnished by the Untied States as a portion of the annuity due to the Six Nations, were such as were considered necessary to their comfort & convenience, so the quantity and not the price of the commodities, was the great consideration with them in their Treaty before mentioned. Brother, We flatter ourselves that if this fair statement of a grievance of which we think we have just reason to complain, was duly represented to our Father, the President of the United States, he would readily cause the deficiency to be made up to our Nation for the period of three years last past; which is of much importance to them, although a trivial consideration for the United States; and further, that the promised supply of Goods may be regularly furnished in the future. - Brother, We wish for some information relative to the Capital formerly held in the Bank of the United States for account of the Seneca Nation: Our Father, the President, had the control and direction of those Funds for its benefit. We have been told that on the dissolution of that Bank, our Father the President past that portion of the Stock into the Public Funds, as a Loan to the United States;- but it is found that the amount they receive for the use of it, annually, is not so great as heretofore when the Bank was in operation: - Our Brethren of the Seneca Nation do not perfectly comprehend why their income is thus diminished, and wish to be informed. Brother, this is all we have to say at present upon these subjects. Colonel Pollard Seneca Long Board Tuscarora Cole Onandaga Schuyler Oneida Strong Seneca Washington City, D. C. 20th Feb 1815. Jasper Parrish Sub Agent & InterpreterCole Onandaga Schuyler Oneida Strong Seneca Washington City, D. C. 20th Feb 1815. Jasper Parrish Sub Agent & Interpreter
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Date: 1814-02-14

Date: 1808-10-15
Text: Ontario County Clerk's Office ss. I certify the foregoing to be a true & correct exemplification of the record of the Instrument herein set forth, examined & compared- Inn testimony whereof, I have herein to affixed the seal of the said office and subscribed my name, this fifteenth day of October in the year of our Lord, eighteen hundred & eight- and of the Independence of the United States, the thirty third. James B. Mower Clerk

Date: 1808-09-05
Text: No. of Onondagos at Onondaga grate & small - 1 6 8 - - Septem 5th 1808 Ephraim Webster

Date: 1807-08-03
Text: This Indenture made the ninth day of March in the Year of our Lord One thousand seven hundred and Ninety seven Between Charles Morgan of the Town of Soipio in the County of Onondaga and State of New York and Halana his daughter of the One part and Jasper Parish of the town of Canandargue in the County of Ontario end State a a foresail of the other part Witnesseth that the said Halana, daughter of the said Charles aged eleven years on the third day of July in the Year Seventeen hundred and...
Show moreThis Indenture made the ninth day of March in the Year of our Lord One thousand seven hundred and Ninety seven Between Charles Morgan of the Town of Soipio in the County of Onondaga and State of New York and Halana his daughter of the One part and Jasper Parish of the town of Canandargue in the County of Ontario end State a a foresail of the other part Witnesseth that the said Halana, daughter of the said Charles aged eleven years on the third day of July in the Year Seventeen hundred and Ninety six, by end with the consent of the said Charles, her father, hath of her own free and Voluntary Will placed and bound herself Apprentice unto the said Jasper, with him to Dwell and Serve from the Day of the Date of these Presents until the said Apprentice shall accomplish the full Age of Eighteen Years, according to the Statute in that Case made and provided: During all which time the said Apprentice her said Master faithfully shall serve on all lawful business according to her Power, Wit and ability: and shall honestly, orderly, and Obedient in all things demean and behave herself towards her said Master, and all his, during the said Term. And the said Jasper far himself, hie Executors and Administrators doth covenant and agree to and with the said Charles, by these Presents, that the said Jasper shall and will during all the termaforesaid find, provide and allow unto the said apprentice competent and sufficient meat, drink and apparel, washing lodging, mending, and all other things necessary and fit for such an Apprentice; and at the end of the said Term shall and will sake, allow, provide and deliver unto the said apprentice two good new suits of clothes; and also allow, procure and Deliver unto the said Apprentice a good Milch Cow at the Expiration of said Term; And also shall for the Space of six months during the said term put the said Apprentice to some good English School, to be instructed in reading writing and Arithmetic. In Witness whereof the said parties to these presents have hereunto inter changably set their hands and seals the Day and Year first above Written. - - Charles Morgan Sealed and Delivered In presence of Thos. Mumford Idele Strong - Jasper Parrish Canandaigua Augt. 3d 1807 Recd. of Jasper Parrish thirty five Dollars in full of the with Indenture, for and in behalf of ay wife Helena Morgan, the within named girl - Abel Hawley
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Creator: Granger, Erastus
Date: 1806-04-14
Text: Buffaloe Creek April 15. - Fm E. Granger p. m. Jasper Parrish, EsquireE Granger Letter April 14, 1806Buffaloe Creek April 14th, 1806 Friend Parrish Having an opportunity this day to send to Allegany by the Prophet & his party, I have been under the necessity of fixing

Date: 1805
Text: Invoice of sundry packages delivered by George Ingels Esquire Agent for the Indian Department to William Linnard Esqre Military Agent for transportation to Albany, and dressed to Genl Gansevoort and to be by him forwarded agreeably to the orders of the Secretary of War. Marked & numbered as per Margin U. S. 1805 United States Arsenal May 10th 1805 Oneidas & Onondagas Annuity No 1 Cask 3 pieces coatings no. 76 1/4 yds advance 2 pieces yellow flannel 1 do red No 2 Cask 12 pieces sundry...
Show moreInvoice of sundry packages delivered by George Ingels Esquire Agent for the Indian Department to William Linnard Esqre Military Agent for transportation to Albany, and dressed to Genl Gansevoort and to be by him forwarded agreeably to the orders of the Secretary of War. Marked & numbered as per Margin U. S. 1805 United States Arsenal May 10th 1805 Oneidas & Onondagas Annuity No 1 Cask 3 pieces coatings no. 76 1/4 yds advance 2 pieces yellow flannel 1 do red No 2 Cask 12 pieces sundry calicoes 338 1/2 yds 30 cts 15 pieces Guzzapoor Baftas 240 5 pieces while platillas 11$ 306 Kegs 4 qt Casks powder 100 lbs 32 ct Wrapping No 7 Keg 250 lbs Lead 12 8 10 Casks 1 pr blankets strip'd no. 1 2: 14:6 1 " do " 3 3: 6:6 2 " do " 5 78/ 7:16 1 " do " 6 4: 5:6 1 " do " 11 3: 1 1 " do " 12 3: 5:6 1 " do " 13 3: 12:6 1 " do " 14 3: 17: 1 " do " 1 3: 9:6 35: 8: advance 120 pct 42: 9: 7 No 11 Box 1 pr red Strands No 64. 19 1/2 ids @ 3/4 3: 5 5 pr blue 1693. 19 ea 60/ 15: 18:5 advance 120 pct 21:18 4 Casks & cooperage 1 $25 1 Cask do 1 box & strapping Dld Sept 11thInvoice of sundry packages delivered by George Ingels Esquire Agent for the Indian Department to William Linnard Esqre Military Agent for transportation to Albany, addressed to Genl Gansevoort and to be by him forwarded agreeably to the orders of the Secretary of War. Marked & numbered as per Margin U. S. 1805 U. S. Arsenal May 10th. 1805. Six Nations Annuity 6 pieces striped coatings 144 3/4 yards @ 3/6 No 1 2 Casks 1 pr blue booking Baize 20 yds @ 2/8 1/2 2:13:9 28: 0:4 1/2 Advance 115 pct. 32: 4: 42 24 pr Sundry Calicoes 28 ea 672 uds @ 30 cents 9 white platillas @ 11$ 2 Casks & Cooperage @9/4/2 3@ 12 Kegs 10 qt Casks powder 250 lb @ 32 cents Wrapping @ 10 23 @15 ditto 750 lb Lead 16 Cask 3 pr red Flannel 3 pr yellow do @133/ 39:18 18 mamoodies 3/68 Cask & Cooperage 17@19 Casks 5 pr strip'd blankets (15 ea) no 1. 76/6 19.2.6 7 " " do " 2 82/6 28.17.6 Advance 15 pct 4 diaper coverlids @ 9/4 3 Casks & Cooperage @ 9/4 1/2 20 Bale 1 pr Strip'd buff Blankets (15) no 1 2:15.6 21 Cask 1 " " do 2 3. 3. 1 " " do 3 3.10 1 " " do 4 3.17.6 2 Blankets 53 10.6 Riggs @ 4/10 9.8 Canvas 4. Carr. up …. No 20 Bale Brought up 21 Cask 1 pr strip'd Buff Blankets no. 1 2.15.6 1 " " ditto 2 3.3 1 " " ditto 4 3.17.6 Advance 120 pct Cask & Cooperage No 22 Cask 3 pr red Strands No 61. 62. 63. 59 1/2 yds @ 3/4 23 Box 11 " blue ditto 1693 19 ids ca @ 3 33……. 42.18.4 Advance 120 pct 51.10. Cash & Coop ge. 9/4 1/2 box 3/9 3 3/5 Overlits (in box No. 23) @ 11.7 Invoice of one Box of Cloth delivered by George Ingels Esqr Agent for the Indian Department, to Willliam Linnard Esqr Military Agent, for transportation to Albany, addressed to Genl Gansevoort and to be by him forwarded agreeably to the orders of the Secretary of War Mark'd & numbered as pr Margin U. S. 1805 U. S. Arsenal 10th May 1805 Six Nations Chiefs No. 1 5 yds Scarlet Cloth @ 13/10 Advance 120 pct 12 ids blue Cloth @ 4$ 50/100 Box & Wrapping I certify these are true copies from the originals Jno Wilson OlkInvoices of Indian Annuity for the year 1805.
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Date: 1803-02-15
Text: War Department 15th February 1803 Sir With this you will receive a commission constituting you a Sub-Agent of the United States to the six Nations, now under the general superintendence of Callendar Irvine Esquire. Until more ample instructions on the subject of your agency, and various duties connected with it can be furnished, you will govern yourself by such directions as you may receive from Mr. Irvine in all matters, in relation to which you are not particularly instructed by this...
Show moreWar Department 15th February 1803 Sir With this you will receive a commission constituting you a Sub-Agent of the United States to the six Nations, now under the general superintendence of Callendar Irvine Esquire. Until more ample instructions on the subject of your agency, and various duties connected with it can be furnished, you will govern yourself by such directions as you may receive from Mr. Irvine in all matters, in relation to which you are not particularly instructed by this department. It will be your duty to spend at least three months in each year, during the warm season, within the tribes of the Oneidas, Cayugas, Stockbridge, Onondagas, and those Indians who inhabit the banks of the Genesee river. Of your proceedings while among the Indians, you will keep a correct journal,noting and remarking such circumstances as in your judgment are important to the United States, a copy of which you will forward to Mr. Irvine, at least once a year. You will endeavor to obtain and confirm the good will and affection of the Indian; to introduce the arts of civilization, domestic manufactures, and agriculture. To dissuade from and discountenance the use of ardent spirits among them, and in all matters and things conduct yourself in such manner as shall be best calculate to affect the benevolent designs and views of the General Government towards their Indian brethren. You will be careful and vigilant in reporting every circumstance and event which may occur that is important to the government of the United States to be made acquainted with. The place of your residence will for the present be Canandaigua. I am, Sir, Yr obt Servant N. Dearborn Jasper Parrish Esqr.War Department Jasper Parrish Esq.Letter of Instructions from N. Dearborn Esqr, Feby 15, 1803
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Creator: Jefferson, Thomas
Date: 1803-02-14
Text: Brothers of the Seneca, Oneida & Onondagua Nations. I give you a hearty welcome on your arrival at the Seat of our Government, where I am glad to take you by the hand and to renew the Chain of Friendship between us; and I am thankful to the Great Spirit who has preserved you in health during your long journey at this inclement season of the year, and am hopefull his protection will cover 3^ou on your return. I sincerely lament with you, Brothers, the unfortunate murder which was committed...
Show moreBrothers of the Seneca, Oneida & Onondagua Nations. I give you a hearty welcome on your arrival at the Seat of our Government, where I am glad to take you by the hand and to renew the Chain of Friendship between us; and I am thankful to the Great Spirit who has preserved you in health during your long journey at this inclement season of the year, and am hopefull his protection will cover 3^ou on your return. I sincerely lament with you, Brothers, the unfortunate murder which was committed by one of your people on one of ours at Buffaloe Creek - It has been one of the many evils produced by the abuse of spiritous liquors - and it is with sincere pleasure I learn that your people have in a great measure abandoned the use of them — You ask an explanation how it has happened, that, our Treaty having provided that injuries done by either party to the other shall be settled by commissioners, the murderer, in this case, should be tried by the Laws of New York; to which laws you say you never gave your consent, and therefore are not subject to them - Thewords of the Treaty, Brothers, are, "that for injuries done by individuals on either side no private revenge or retaliation shall take place, but, instead thereof, complaint shall be ma.de by the party injured to the other, by the six nations, or any of them, to the President of the TT. S., or the Superintendant by him appointed, and, by the Superintendent or other person appointed by the President, to the principal Chiefs of the six nations, or of the nation to which the offender belongst and such prudent measures shall then be pursued as shall be necessary to preserve our peace and friendship unbroken, until the Legislature or Great Council of the U, States shall make other equitable pro-vision for the purpose." In pursuance of this agreement in the Treaty, the Great Council of the IT. 3. have mad£ provision "by a law that, where any murder shall be committed by any of our people on yours, or of yours on ours, the murderer shall be punished with death -In this case the murder was committed within the lands belonging to Hew York, and therefore the judges of Hew York are the persons authorised to enquire into the truth of the fact, and to punish it, if true - and had the murder been committed at the same place by an Englishman, a Frenchman, a Spaniard,an American, or a person of any other nation, the same judges would have tried it, by the same rules, and subject to the same punishment; So that you are placed on the same footing, in this respect, as the most powerful & the most friendly nations are, and as we are ourselves. As the State authority where the murder was committed, is appointed to enquire into the fact & to punish it, so they are entrusted to remit the punishment, if they find it was committed under circumstances which entitle the murderer to mercy. And I have great hopes, Brothers, that those who enquire into the case may find grounds for pardoning the offender, and that he may again be safely restored to you. You ask that the lands which you hold at the Buffaloe Creek, Allegany and all other reserves, now in your possession, may remain yours, and descend to your children, and that we will confirm your title to these lands, and oppose any chief who may in future come forward to sell. These lands are yours, Brothers, we confirm the title to them for yourselves and your children, against our people, and all others, except yourselves. No person shall ever take one foot of them by any bargain with one or a few unauthorised chiefs, nor any otherwise than with the consent of your nation, fully given by your deputies, according to your own rule & customs - when the nation at large shall see an interest in making anybargain respecting their own lands, they certainly would not chuse we should oppose what they judge for their own interest. All can rightfully do is to maintain them in the exercise of all their rights over the country they possess; and this me will do against fraud and force. With respect to the residence of our superintendent, or an assistant, at Konon-dagua, to the payment of your monies at Albany, the delivery of the goods for the Oneidas, Onondaguas & Stockbridge Indiana at Konon-dagua, and the continuance of the blacksmiths and gunsmiths, the Secretary of War will consult with you Sl will endeavour to accommodate these Batters to your and our convenience. Whatever he says to you 6n that subject, you are to consider as if said by myself. I We hope with y u, Brothers, that the tomahawk is forever V buried between us; never more to be taken up. Peace and friendship is our best interest. By war we can injure one another: but no good man can receive pleasure from doing injuries. We wish to see you advance in the cultivation of the earth, in manufacturing clothes, and in whatever may contribute to feed & clothe your people, and make them comfortable & happy. In this way your numbers will increase, & the hardships & wants you now experience, from the uncertain pursuit of wild beasts, mill be exchanged for plentiful living, produced by leas labor from the soil you live on.. I pray you, Brothers to carry for me-to your nation, assurances of the constant friendship and protection of the United States to them. Th. Jefferson Feb 14, 1 03.
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Date: 1803, n.d.
Text: Ontario County Times, 16 Apr. 1897 Among the Indians A Sketch of the Life as an Interesting Character A Friend of Red Jacket Seven years of Jasper Parrish's Youth Were Spent in Captivity Among Several Indian Tribes - His Kindness to them. In the old Canandaigua cemetery stands a plain and unpretentious marble headstone, which marks the last resting place of Jasper Parrish, one of the most remarkable residents of this village during the early part of this century. The truth of his strange...
Show moreOntario County Times, 16 Apr. 1897 Among the Indians A Sketch of the Life as an Interesting Character A Friend of Red Jacket Seven years of Jasper Parrish's Youth Were Spent in Captivity Among Several Indian Tribes - His Kindness to them. In the old Canandaigua cemetery stands a plain and unpretentious marble headstone, which marks the last resting place of Jasper Parrish, one of the most remarkable residents of this village during the early part of this century. The truth of his strange adventures might be doubted were is not for the fact that Capt. Parrish himself has left an account of his life and career. This narrative, which is written in a very graphic manner, is now in the possession of William Gorham, of Canandaigua, a grandson of Capt. Parrish, to whom the writer of this article is indebted for the loan of the manuscript, as well as for other valuable information relating to the subject of this sketch. CAPT. JASPER PARRISH Jasper Parrish was born in the year 1766 at Windham, Conn. At the outbreak of the Revolutionary war his father had settled near the headwaters of the Delaware river in this state, having made a clearing in the forest with his axe, and built a log hut for himself and his family. One summer's day in the year 1778, when Jasper was a lad of 11 years, he and his father, while about six miles from their home, were surprised and captured by a party of Munsee Indians. They were carried up the Delaware to a place known as the "Cook House,"where they were separated. The father was taken to Fort Niagara and delivered to the British, and two years later was exchanged and returned to his home; while the son was given to a chief called Capt. Mounsh, and remained a captive among the Indians nearly seven years. He stayed among the Munsee tribe until October of the year in which he was captured, when his master took him to Chemung, at that time an important Indian settlement. As they entered the village they were met by a crowd of howling savages who pulled Jasper from his horse and beat him brutally with clubs and the handles of their tomahawks until he was more dead than alive. Soon afterward Jasper was sold to a Delaware Indian family that treated him kindly. Nevertheless, he had to endure terrible hardships, suffering severely from both cold and hunger. In the winter when the rivers were frozen and the ground covered with snow, Jasper and the Indian boys were often compelled to throw off their blankets and leap into the water through holes cut in the ice. This was done in order to render their bodies less sensitive to cold. Once, also, he narrowly escaped losing his life. One evening two Indians who were ugly from drink sat down opposite him at the camp-fire, and began to plan how they might get money with which to buy more rum. Finally, one proposed that they kill Jasper and take his scalp to the fort, and obtain the bounty offered by the British for Yankee scalps. Jasper, being familiar with their language, was instantly on his guard, so that when one of the Indians drew a half burnt brand from the fire and hurled it at his head, he dodged the missile, and being a swift runner, escaped into the forest. The next morning when the Indians had recovered from the effects of the British rum, he returned to camp, and was not further molested. Parrish remained with the Delawares until the spring of 1780. During his stay with them, he witnessed their defeat by the expedition of General Sullivan, at Newtown - near where Elmira now stands - and accompanied them on their retreat to Niagara, after the battle. His master took him to the fort, and finding no white man wishing to purchase him, sold him for $20 to a Mohawk chief of some prominence, called Captain David Hill. This proved to be a most fortunate change for Parrish, because Captain Hill grew to be very fond of him, and at length brought him before the council of the chiefs, and formally adopted him as his son, giving him the name of Sne-ed-ah-wah. His life among the Mohawks was a happy one, as he was allowed to spend his time in hunting, fishing and trapping, being forced to do no labor beyond his strength, and was always supplied with good food and cloth- He remained with this tribe five years, until after the treaty of Fort Stanwix, in 1784, when he returned to his family, who were then living at Goshen, Orange county. After his release from captivity, Parrish was little better than the savages among whom he had dwelt, for, although he could speak fluently six Indian languages, he had only a faint recollection of English. He attended school for nine months after his return, but except for that short period of instruction, his education was wholly obtained by his contact with others, and his personal observation. However, Capt. Parrish became very valuable to the government as an interpreter, acting in that capacity at numerous conferences and councils, and officiated at the adoption of the famous Pickering treaty of 1794. In 1792, he was appointed by President Washington interpreter to the Six Nations, and in 1803 became government sub-agent to the same tribes, holding both offices up to the beginning of Jackson's second administration. He removed to Canandaigua in 1792, having previously been married to the daughter of Gen. Edward Paine, the founder of Painesville, O. He built himself a house on the corner of Main and Parrish streets, which latter bears his name, and resided there until his death, which occurred in 1836. Capt. Parrish is described as being tall, slender in his youth, but somewhat stout in his later years, with light hair and mild blue eyes. His portrait is not that of a rough backwoodsman or trapper, but rather that of a cultured and refined country gentleman. He possessed remarkable influence over the Indians of the Six Nations, for he never forgot their kindness to him while he was a captive among them, and acted in accordance with this feeling of gratitude. The Indians not only justly considered him as their truest friend and protector among the white men, but also stood in awe of him. His word was law to them. Even Red Jacket, the great sachem of the Senecas, who bent the councils of the Six Nations to his will, was awed by this quiet and unassuming man. Capt. Parrish used to delight in telling this story as illustrative of his power over Red Jacket. One evening Red Jacket came to his house drunk and in a particularly ugly mood, and when Mrs. Parrish opened the door, stood with his tomahawk uplifted as if about to strike, and inquired Ïs She-ed-ah-wah at home?" Mrs. Parrish, not at all terrified by his menacing looks and gestures, replied, "He is here, and is looking at you now." Instantly Red Jacket lowered his tomahawk, and became sobered and subdued. In later years some of the Oneida and Onondaga Indians, wishing to show their affection for Capt. Parrish, were accustomed to make a visit to him once or twice a year, and even after his death these simple-hearted and and affectionate Indians appeared at the house of his daughter, saying, "We come to see Sne-ed-ah-wah's papoose." And thus these friendly visits to his children and grandchildren continued until about ten years ago, when they finally ceased. As death drew near Jasper Parrish might well look back upon his career with a feeling of satisfaction not unmixed with pride. He had labored the greater part of his life to improve the deplorable condition of his dark-skinned brethren; he had brought to bear upon them every christianizing and civilizing influence possible, and had lived to see his efforts crowned with a considerable degree of success. Henry W. Hamlin.Canandaigua, N. Y., Wednesday, June 21, 1922 A Table With a History Shown in the Museum Once the Property of Jasper Parris, the Government Indian Interpreter - Stood in His Kitchen. In the "Old Fashioned Kitchen" in the Historical Society's building in Canandaigua, is an old cherry table, about whose battered top and rickety legs cling memories of the days when white settlers were driving their first stakes in what had only recently been an unknown wilderness. The table was once the property of the Government Indian interpreter, Captain Jasper Parrish, as is authentically known, and standing as it did in the kitchen of his house in Canandaigua in the last years of the eighteenth century and the first years of the nineteenth could recite, had it the gift of speech, many a tale of romance [Parrish's Table Appears in the Foreground of This Picture.] and adventure. Around its capacious top on more than one occasion there gathered the sachems of the Six Nations, assembled to receive the agreed annuities, and there smoked the pipe of peace with the doughty captain, partook of his venison, or not unlikely imbibed from the "big kettle" of rum, whose presence was considered in those days necessary to the successful issue of every social entertainment or solemn conclave in which the susceptible sons of the forest participated. The story of Jasper Parrish has never been fully told and never will be until a writer, gifted with imaginative power, has filled out the skeleton of known facts, regarding his life with the flesh of tradition and clothed with romance. He left a personal record written in his old age but it is a bare statement of facts and to an unimaginative reader would yield small interest. But to a boy, who needs no aid of picturesque language to realize what six years of captivity among the Indians must have contained of hard [Captain Jasper Parrish. Spent Six Years in Captivity among the Indians.] experience and stirring adventure, the simple narrative unfolds a tale of absorbing interest. Jasper Parrish the manuscript relates, was at work in the field with his father about six mils from their home, at the headwaters of the Delaware river in this State, when surprised and captured by a small party of Monsee Indians. This was on the 5th of July, 1778, when Jasper was eleven years old. Father and son were taken by their captors up the Delaware river to an Indian settlement, called Cookhouse. Ten days later the father was separated from his son, taken to Fort Niagara, and there surrendered to the British. Two years afterwards he was exchanged as a prisoner of war and he then returned to his family. Captain Mounsh took the boy Jasper to his family and left him with them while he was absent for extended periods. Jasper was kindly treated and relates that at one time, when very ill with dysentery, he was urged by his custodians to try certain Indian remedies. At first he refused, fearing poison, but then took the herb syrup offered and was at once relieved. They threatened, however, to take his scalp bye and bye, and so he was kept in a state of apprehension. On October 1, Jasper set out with his master for Chemung. Upon arriving there he was surrounded by Indians, greeted with the scalp halloo, "qua-qua!", torn from his horse and beaten until his body was covered with bruises. Then his master interfered, crying Ït is enough!"A few days later, Jasper was sold to a Delaware Indian family for $20, and taken to the south side of the Tioga river. His old master was killed a few days later in a drunken brawl at Fort Niagara. Young Parrish remained on the Tioga river during the winter and spring of 1779, suffering much from cold and hunger. His food consisted of venison, wolf, dog, fox and muskrat meat, and occasionally a wild bird with a 'little corn.' The fact that there was no salt for the food occasioned him much discomfort. He was compelled to follow the example of the Indian boys and jump through a hole in the river ice into the frigid water. This, he was told, would harden him. He had to do it repeatedly and in the coldest weather. At one time during a hunting expedition, his Indian companions ran out of lead from which to make bullets but to his surprise, after a short absence from camp, they came back with a quantity of ore, from which by a crude smelting process they secured some twelve pounds of good lead. He seldom heard an English word spoken but learned to speak the Indian language with facility. Jasper was at this place on the Tioga river when General Sullivan's army marched through the Iroquois country and was with the squaws and young Indians when the …… treated after the battle of Newton, and met them at Painted Post. Parrish afterward proceeded with the Indian party, by way of Bath and Geneseo to Fort Niagara, then the British post. Mr. Parrish records that at one time the Indians gathered at the Fort engaged in a drunken frolic that resulted in the death of five of them, and more would have been killed if the chiefs had not interfered. The boy learned here that the British were offering a guinea bounty for every Yankee scalp brought in, and he adds that he was afterwards informed that the main purpose of this offer was to induce the Indians to disperse as they were becoming troublesome. As he was resting near a campfire one night with a couple of the Indians, he overhead them form a plan for taking his scalp and selling it to get money with which to buy rum. Thus warned, he watched his companions and when he saw one of them take a half burned stick from the fire and hurl it at his head, he was able to avoid a deadly blow by a quick jump, and escaped into the neighboring bushes. He remained outside until morning, when the Indians had sobered up and he could safely return. His master offered to sell Jasper to the white people at the Fort, but none would buy. Finally a fine looking Mohawk, named Captain David Hill, bought him for $20. Hill lived near the fort, and, becoming a member of his family, Jasper was compelled to learn the Mohawk language, which was entirely different from the Delaware. The change of masters proved fortunate, however, and he lived with Captain Hill's family for more than five years, being provided in the meantime with all the necessary clothing and with abundance of food. He passed his time in hunting, fishing and working, but says he was never compelled to do work beyond his strength. In November, 1780, the chiefs of the Six Nations held a council at Fort Niagara and Captain Hill took his prisoner into the midst of the gathering and formally adopted him into his family as his son. A large belt of wampum was placed about his neck and other ceremonies observed. Jasper moved with his Indian father, the following May, to the site now occupied by Lewiston and there he continued to dwell with the family until the close of the Revolutionary War. He traveled with Captain Hill in the meantime among other tribes, and testifies that he was invariably treated kindly and granted many favors. In September, 1784, at a treaty of peace between the United States and the Six Nations, made at Fort Stanwix (now Rome, N. Y.), the Indians promised to release all their white captives. There were ninety-three of these, young Parrish among them, and in November of the same year he was taken to Fort Stanwix and given his liberty. He immediately sought out his family, whom he found living at Goshen, Orange county. Mr. Parrish says that upon thus returning to civilization he found that he could hardly make his friends understand him, he spoke such broken English. He was thereafter able to spend only nine months in school and with that exception was entirely self-taught for his intercourse with the world. In November, 1790, Mr. Parrish was requested by Colonel Timothy Pickering, United States Government Commissioner, to act as interpreter at a council to be held with the Indians at Tioga Point. Later, in July, 1791, he acted in the same capacity at a council at Newton Point, near Elmira. Earning commendation for the faithful and accurate manner in which he rendered the Indian language into English, he was appointed in April, 1792, as standing interpreter for the Six Nations and instructed to reside at Canandaigua, under the direction of General Israel Chapin, the Government agent. He acted as the chief interpreter at the great Pickering council at Canandaigua in 1794. In 1803, after serving as interpreter for thirteen years, Mr. Parrish was made sub-agent also, and he continued to hold both offices through successive administrations, until President Jackson's second term. Mr. Parrish in his work with the Indians, we are told, endeavored to inculcate habits of industry and to instruct them in agricultural pursuits and the use of property. He states that these endeavors found a friendly disposition among the Indians, except on the part of Red Jacket, the famous Seneca orator, and that they welcomed the coming of missionaries and school masters. Under his instruction and with supplies furnished by the Government, they were enabled to raise a surplus of grain and live in comparative comfort. But Red Jacket continued to oppose all innovations, declaring that they were created Indians and they should remain Indians. He never would relinquish the Pagan habits and customs. Captain Parrish, an excellent painting of whom hangs in the gallery of pioneers in the Court House in Canandaigua, died in this town in 1836, and his remains were interred in the pioneer cemetery here, where a headstone, still standing, marks his grave. C. F. M.Transcript, Saturday, November 21, 1931 A Famous Salemite Goes to the Block Colonel Timothy Pickering (1745-1829) - By Gilbert Stuart Timothy Pickering was a son of Timothy and Mary Wingate Pickering of Salem, Mass. He was graduated from Harvard in 1763 and was admitted to the bar in 1768. In 1776 he married Rebecca White. In 1777 he joined Washington's army at Morristown, N. J. The Commander-in-Chief soon appointed him adjutant general. In 1780 he succeeded General Green as quartermaster general, which office he resigned in 1785. He settled in Philadelphia for a time, but returned to Massachusetts in 1801, and became a United States senator and a member of Congress. He died in Salem, Mass. His "life" was written by his son, Octavius Pickering, completed after the latter's death in 1868, by Charles W. Upham, and published in four volumes in Boston, 1867-73. Stuart's portrait of Colonel Pickering is included in a collection of fourteenth to nineteenth century paintings from The Ehrich Galleries to be dispersed at auction at the American Art Association Anderson Galleries (New York city) this evening.Friday, February ?th, 1803. Thomas Jefferson, President of the United States of America To all to whom these presents shall come, Greeting. Whereas a treaty was held on the 30th day of June under the authority of the United States with the Seneca nation of Indians, at Buffaloe creek in the county of Ontario and state of N. York, and at the said treaty in the presence of and with the approbation of John Taylor, Esqr. a commissioner of the United States, appointed to hold the same, an Indenture or agreement was entered into between the said nation of Indians & Wilhem Willink and others hereinafter mentioned, which indenture or agreement is in the words following: This Indenture made the 30th day of June, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and two: Between the Sachems, chiefs and warriors of the Seneca Nation of Indians of the first part, and Wilhem Willink, Peter Van Eeghen, Hendrick Vedenhoven, W. Willink the younger (son of Jan) Jan Gabriel Van Staphorst, Roelof Van Staphorst, the younger, Cornelius Vollenhaven an Hendrick Seye, all of the city of Amsterdam and Republic of Batavia, by Joseph Ellicott, Esuire, their agent and Attorney of the second part. Whereas, at a treaty held under the authority of the United States with the said Seneca nation of Indians, at Buffaloe creek in the county of Ontario and state of New-York, on the day of the date of these presents by the honorable John Taylor, Esquire, a commissioner appointed by the President of the United States to hold the same in pursuance of the constitution, and of the act of Congress of the United States in such case made and provided, a convention was entered into in the preference and with the approbation of the said commissioner between the said Seneca nation of Indians and the said Wilhem Willink, Peter Van Eeghen, Hendrick Vollenhoven, W. Willink the younger, I Willink the younger (son of Jan) Jan Gabriel Vanstaphorst, Roelof Van Staphorst the younger, Cornelius Vollenhoven and Hendrick Seye, by the said Joseph Elicott their agent and attorney, lawfully constituted and appointed for that purpose. Now this Indenture Witnesseth, That the said parties of the first part for and in consideration of the lands hereinafter described do hereby exchange, cede, and forever quit claim to the said parties of the second part, their heirs and assigns, All those lands situate, lying and being in the county of Ontario and state of New-York, being part of the lands described and reserved by the said parties of the first part in a treaty or convention held by the honorable Jeremiah Wadsworth, Esquire, under the authority of the United States on the Genesee river the 15th day of September, 1797, in the words following, viz. Beginning at the mouth of the eighteen mile or Kogh-quaw-qu creek, thence a line or lines to be drawn parallel to lake Erie, at the distance of one mile from the lake, to the mouth of Cataraugos creek, thence a line or lines extending twelve miles up the north side of said creek at the distance of one mile therefrom, thence a direct line to the said creek, thence down the said creek to lake Erie, thence along the lake to the first mentioned creek, and thence to the place of beginning. Also one other piece at Cataraugos, beginning at the shore of lake Erie on the forth side of Cataraugos creek, at the distance of one mile from the mouth thereof, thence running one mile from the lake, thence on a line parallel thereto to a point within one mile frm the Con-non-dan-we-gea creek, thence up the said creek one mile on a line parallel thereto, thence on a direct line to the said creek, thence down the same to lake Erie, thence along the lake to the place of beginning; reference being thereunto had willfully appear. Together with all and singular the rights, privileges, hereditaments and appurtenances thereunto belonging, or in any wife appertaining. And all the estate, right, title and interest whatsoever of them, the said parties of the first part, and their nation of, in and to the said tracts of land above described, to have and to hold all and singular the said granted premises, with the appurtenances, to the said parties of the second part, their heirs and assigns, to their only proper use, benefit and behoof forever. And in consideration of the said lands described and ceded as aforesaid, the said parties of the second part, by Joseph Ellicott their agent and attorney as aforesaid, do hereby exchange, cede, release and quit claim to the said parties of the first part and their nation (the said parties of the second part reserving to themselves the right of pre-emption), all that certain tract or parcel of land situate as aforesaid. Beginning at a post marked No. ), standing on the bank of lake Erie at the mouth of Cataraugos creek, and on the north bank thereof, thence along the shore of said lake N. 11 E. 21 chains, east thirteen degrees east 45 chains, N. 19 E. 14 chains 65 links to a post, thence east 119 chains to a post, thence south 14 chains 27 links to a post, thence east 640 chains to a post standing in the meridian between the 8th and 9th ranges, thence along said meridian fourth 617 chains 75 links to a post standing on the south bank of Cataraugos creek, thence West 150 chains to a post, thence north 290 chains 25 links to a post, thence west 482 chains 31 links to a post, thence north 219 chains 50 links to a post standing on the north bank of Cataraugos creek, thence down the same and along the several meanders thereof to the place of beginning. To hold the said parties of the first part in the same manner and by the same tenure as the lands reserved by the said parties of the first part in and by the said treaty or convention entered into on Genesee river the 15th day of September, 1797, as aforesaid, were intended to be hed. In testimony whereof the parties to these presents have hereunto, & to two other indentures of the same tenor & date, one to remain with the United States, one to remain with the said parties of the first part, and one other to remain with the said parties of the second part, interchangeably set their hands and seals the day and year first above written. Con-nea-ti-a, his mark, x Koe-en-twah-ka, or Cornplanter, his mark, x Wou-dou, gooh-ka, his mark, x Te-kon-nou-du, his mark, x Sa-gee-yes, his mark, x Jaw-ye-car-na, or Blue Sky, his mark, x Koying-quau-tah, or Young King, his mark, x Ka-oun-doo-wand, or Pollard, his mark, x Con-na-wau-de-an, his mark, x Soo-noo-you, his mark, x Au-wen-?-sa, his mark, x Soo-geo-ya-wan-law, or Red Jacket, his mark, x Cosh-kau-tough, his mark, x Te-yo-kai-hos-sa, his mark, x Ona-ya-wos, or Farmers Brother, his mark, x So-nau-goi-es, his mark, x Gish-ka-ka, or Little Billy, his mark, x Sux-sa-bo-wau, his mark, x Wilhelm Willink, Pieter Van Eeghen, Hendrick Vollenhoven, W. Willink, the younger, I. Willink the younger (son of Jan) Jan Gabriel Van Staphorst, Roelof Van Staphorst, the younger, Cornelius Vollenhoven, and Hendrick Seye, by their Attorney. (L. S.) Joseph Ellicott. In testimony whereof, I have caused the Seal of the United States to be hereunto affixed, and signed the same with my hand. Done at the City of Washington, the (L. S.) twelfth day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and three, and in the twenty seventh year of the Indiependence of the said United States. TH: Jefferson. By the President, James Maddison, Secretary of State. IRON WORKS. The subscriber would rent a set o works, situated within twenty miles of the boatable waters of James River; consisting of Furnace, Forge, Mill, Saw-mill, and every necessary appendage, all new and finished in the completest manner of any in America; having abundance of water, wood, and ore of the best quality, and lying in a healthy country where provisions also are abundant and cheap. Fifteen or twenty able negroes may be rented with the works, if specially applied for. Ferdinando Fairfax. Shanr. Hill, near Charleston, Virginia. N. B. Applications by letter must be postpaid. January 28. 1aw6w
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Date: 1802-09-27
Text: This may certify that for the consideration of love and good will to Little Beard (so called), I agree to give him as a present, Twenty Dollars pr. year, to be paid Annually to the said Little Beard, at the Town of Lewiston, in produce and clothing as he may want, during his natural life, for dated at Canandaigua this 27th day of September 1802 - Oliver Phelps

Creator: Chapin, Israel
Date: 1802-07-30
Text: Brothers - I am sorry to hear of the very disagreeable news from Buffaloe Creek that one of our people has been killed by one of your people. Brothers - This news is terrible disagreeable and afflicting, it naturally excites temper and revenge at the first appearance - but Brothers let us reflect & be cool and endeavor to finde out what ought to be done to bring our minds to harmonize & good agreement again - These things have happened and they have been settled, and I suppose it will...
Show moreBrothers - I am sorry to hear of the very disagreeable news from Buffaloe Creek that one of our people has been killed by one of your people. Brothers - This news is terrible disagreeable and afflicting, it naturally excites temper and revenge at the first appearance - but Brothers let us reflect & be cool and endeavor to finde out what ought to be done to bring our minds to harmonize & good agreement again - These things have happened and they have been settled, and I suppose it will be right in this case to take such measures as to have this business reconciled, and that the whole of community should not be rendered unhappy by the quarrel of individuals. Brs - You will consider nothing improper in taking the Indian who stabbed one man & killed one other and placing him in confinement. I consider the white people in this respect justifiable, as he fell on them as a mad man without any provocation as I have been told. Brs - You on your part I trust will do nothing rash or hasty in this business & I hope & believe the white people on their part will conduct with humanity and prudence. Brs - The President of the United States must be made acquainted with this transaction, who will enter into such measures as to preserve our general peace & friendship unbroken. Brs - The reason you do not see me at Buffaloe Creek on this occasion is, The president of the U States has removed me from office & this day my office terminates. Capt. Irvine who I believe lives at Presqu-isle is to be my successor, and ought to meet you on this business, and as his agency commences I suppose it is probably he will be with you soon. Brothers - I should have been happy to have your Chiefs come forward to this place as you proposed & still shall expect to see you, as some business of importance will be left to be transacted by me. Brs - As this is the last speech that you will received from me as Agent of Indian affairs I hope you will pay due attention to it, as no one wishes more for your happiness and prosperity than Brothers your friend and Hble servt Israel Chapin Canandauga July 31 1802
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Date: [ca.1802]
Text: I certify that the Troops of the U. States under the Command of Genl. Alex. Smyth were by the orders of the Genl encamped at the mouth of Conjochatays Creek the latter part of November and the first days of Decr. 1812 apart of them on the farm of Jasper Parish Esqr. situated at the mouth of said Creek. - The season at that period was very inclement and stormy, and I am knowing to the Troops burring rails and fences on the said farm of Mr. Parish. - James Thomas Col & Q. M. Genl. of the...
Show moreI certify that the Troops of the U. States under the Command of Genl. Alex. Smyth were by the orders of the Genl encamped at the mouth of Conjochatays Creek the latter part of November and the first days of Decr. 1812 apart of them on the farm of Jasper Parish Esqr. situated at the mouth of said Creek. - The season at that period was very inclement and stormy, and I am knowing to the Troops burring rails and fences on the said farm of Mr. Parish. - James Thomas Col & Q. M. Genl. of the late U.S. Army Washington Jany 18th 1819.
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Date: 1800-11-27
Text: J. Parish Capt. 2d. Sq. 5th. Div.The People of the State of New-York, By the Grace of GOD, Free and Independent: To Jasper Parish Gentleman Greeting. We, reposing especial trust and confidence, as well in your patriotism, conduct and loyalty, as in your valor and readiness to do us good and faithful service, HAVE appointed and constituted, and by these presents, DO appoint and constitute you the said Jasper Parish Captain of a Troop in the second Squadron of Cavalry, in the Fifth Division of...
Show moreJ. Parish Capt. 2d. Sq. 5th. Div.The People of the State of New-York, By the Grace of GOD, Free and Independent: To Jasper Parish Gentleman Greeting. We, reposing especial trust and confidence, as well in your patriotism, conduct and loyalty, as in your valor and readiness to do us good and faithful service, HAVE appointed and constituted, and by these presents, DO appoint and constitute you the said Jasper Parish Captain of a Troop in the second Squadron of Cavalry, in the Fifth Division of the Militia of this State You Are therefore, to take the said Troop into your charge and care, as Captain thereof, and duly to exercise the Officers and Soldiers of that Troop in Arms, who are hereby commanded to obey you as their Captain and you are also to observe and follow such orders and directions, as you shall from time to time receive from our General and Commander and Chief of the Militia of our said State, or any other your superior Officer, according to the Rules and Discipline of War, in pursuance of the trust reposed in you; and for so doing, this shall be your commission, for and during our good pleasure, to be signified by our Council of Appointment. In Testimony whereof, we have caused our seal for military commissions to be hereunto affixed. Witness, our trusty and well-beloved John Jay Esquire, Governor of our State of New-York, General and Commander in Chief of all the Militia, and Admiral of the Navy of the fame, by and with the advice and consent of our said Council of Appointment, at Our City of New York the Second day of April in the Year offer Lord, one thousand Eight hundred and in the twenty-fifth Year of our Independence. Passed the Secretary's Office, the 27th day of November 1800. Daniel Hale, Secretary.
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Date: 1799-06-01
Text: Survey of a highway, beginning on the west line of the Town of Canandaugua where the Road from the Genesee River & heading through Pitts Town interjects the Town line then South eighty-three and a half degrees East thirty two … fifty … then North Eighty=Eight Degrees East. Seventy nine chains. Fifty links - to a Stake in the Old Road by Joseph Van Norman ( the above are magnetic boules) June 11th 1799 ... Jasper Parrish Angel De Ferreire angle Deferreier: Sullivan Madison County .. parish...
Show moreSurvey of a highway, beginning on the west line of the Town of Canandaugua where the Road from the Genesee River & heading through Pitts Town interjects the Town line then South eighty-three and a half degrees East thirty two … fifty … then North Eighty=Eight Degrees East. Seventy nine chains. Fifty links - to a Stake in the Old Road by Joseph Van Norman ( the above are magnetic boules) June 11th 1799 ... Jasper Parrish Angel De Ferreire angle Deferreier: Sullivan Madison County .. parish Esq.
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Date: 1799-04-08

Date: 1798-12-5
Text: Be it remembered that on the Thirtyeth Day of October in the year one thousand Seven hundred and ninetyeight formally came before me Moses Stevater one of the judges of the Court of Common … for the County of Ontario Thomas Morris who being duly Sworn declared the Law the Grantors of the within Instrument affix there Signatures to the same as an execution thereof- and that he the defendant [?] with Charles Williamson in the presence of each of the Subscribed their names as witnesses to the...
Show moreBe it remembered that on the Thirtyeth Day of October in the year one thousand Seven hundred and ninetyeight formally came before me Moses Stevater one of the judges of the Court of Common … for the County of Ontario Thomas Morris who being duly Sworn declared the Law the Grantors of the within Instrument affix there Signatures to the same as an execution thereof- and that he the defendant [?] with Charles Williamson in the presence of each of the Subscribed their names as witnesses to the Same- i being personally acquainted with Thomas Morris and upon inspection of the said instrument finding no material erasures or other accusation do allow the same to be recorded-- Moses Stevater Clerks Office County of Ontario Registered in the Fifth book of the Records of Deeds for the County of Ontario Page 355 this Thirtieth day of October AD 1798 Peter B. Porter ClerkKnown all Men by …that we the Chiefe Warriors and Chiefe Saiheim of the Senaka Nation for and in Consideration of the sum of one Dollar to us in Hand paid by Mary Timopon the … where wof we do hereby acknowledge and are fully satisfied land contented and paid have given granted bargained … release conveyed and confirmed unto her the said Mary Jimoson her Heirs and Assigns forever one certain Parcel or Fraction of Land … lying on the Genesee River beginning at the Mouth of the Stegs Hill crick. and running a .. line til it …the old .. thence South till a West line will intersect with Sertain … an the West Side Genesee River then extending due West due North due East till it strikes the first mentioned … as much Land upon the West Side of the River as it does on the East Side of Said River To have and to hold the above granted and Bargained … with all the acquaintances and … thereunto belonging to her the Said Mary Jimoson her Heirs and Assigns for ever and further more we the Said Chief Sachem and Warrior for ourselves over Hers … and administration do by these .. engage x to defined the above granted .. with all the acquaintances unto her the said Mary Jimoson her Heirs and assigns forever Will Warrant and Defend the above granted.. against all the Claims and Demand of all .. whatever in Confirmation whereof we have hereunto set our hands and Seal this in the year of our Lord one thousand Seven Hundred and Ninety Seven. Signed Sealed and Delivered in Presents of C. Winny Cha-Williamson Thomas Morris Little Billy + his mark Pollard + his mark hanoi + Haven his mark Raggea + negtigue mark Tommy + Jimmison his mark Corn + Planter his mark howana + see his mark
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Date: 1797-03-28
Text: The People of the State of New-York, By the Grace of GOD, Free and Independent: To Jasper Parish Gentleman Greeting. We, reposing especial trust and confidence, as well in your patriotism, conduct and loyalty, as in your valor and readiness to do us good and faithful service, HAVE appointed and constituted, and by these presents, DO appoint and constitute you the said Jasper Parish Second Lieutenant of Captain Thomas Morris's Troop of Horse in the County of Ontario, in the Brigade of...
Show moreThe People of the State of New-York, By the Grace of GOD, Free and Independent: To Jasper Parish Gentleman Greeting. We, reposing especial trust and confidence, as well in your patriotism, conduct and loyalty, as in your valor and readiness to do us good and faithful service, HAVE appointed and constituted, and by these presents, DO appoint and constitute you the said Jasper Parish Second Lieutenant of Captain Thomas Morris's Troop of Horse in the County of Ontario, in the Brigade of Militia whereof Othneil Taylor Esquire is Brigadier General You Are therefore, to take the said Troop into your charge and care, as Cornet thereof, and duly to exercise the Officers and Soldiers of that Troop in Arms, who are hereby commanded to obey you as their Second Lieutenant and you are also to observe and follow such orders and directions, as you shall from time to time receive from our General and Commander and Chief of the Militia of our said State, or any other your superior Officer, according to the Rules and Discipline of War, in pursuance of the trust reposed in you; and for so doing, this shall be your commission, for and during our good pleasure, to be signified by our Council of Appointment. In Testimony whereof, we have caused our seal for military commissions to be hereunto affixed. Witness, our trusty and well-beloved John Jay Esquire, Governor of our State of New-York, General and Commander in Chief of all the Militia, and Admiral of the Navy of the fame, by and with the advice and consent of our said Council of Appointment, at Our City of Albany the twenty third day of April in the Year offer Lord, one thousand seven hundred and Ninety-seven and in the twenty first Year of our Independence. Passed the Secretary's Office, the 28th day of March 1797. Jasper Hopper D, Secretary.
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Date: 1797
Text: Know all men by these presents that we the Chief Warriors and Chief Sachems of the Seneca Nation, for and in consideration of the sum of one dollar, to us in hand paid by Mary Jimeson the receipt whereof we do hereby acknowledge and are fully satisfied and contented, and paid, having given granted bargained, Aliened, released conveyed and confirmed into her the said Mary Jimeson her Heirs and assigns forever one certain parcel or Tract of Land being and lying on the Genesee River beginning at...
Show moreKnow all men by these presents that we the Chief Warriors and Chief Sachems of the Seneca Nation, for and in consideration of the sum of one dollar, to us in hand paid by Mary Jimeson the receipt whereof we do hereby acknowledge and are fully satisfied and contented, and paid, having given granted bargained, Aliened, released conveyed and confirmed into her the said Mary Jimeson her Heirs and assigns forever one certain parcel or Tract of Land being and lying on the Genesee River beginning at the Mouth of the Steep Hill Creek and running a due East line till it strike the old path, thence South till a West line will intersect with certain steep Rocks on the West side of Genesee River, then extending due West, due South and due East till it strikes the first mentioned Bounds, inclosing as much land upon the West Side of the River as it does upon the East side of the River. - - - To have and to hold the above granted and Bargained premises with all the appurtenances and privileges thereunto belonging to her the said Mary Jimeson her Heirs and assigns forever, and furthermore we the said Chief Sachems and Warriors for ourselves our heirs, executors and Administrators, do by these presents warrant, engage and promise to defend the above granted Premises with all the appurtenances unto her the said Mary Jimeson her heirs and assigns forever, will warrant and Defend the above granted. Premises against all claims and Demands of all persons whatsoever- In confirmation whereof we have hereunto set our hands and seals this in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and ninety seven Farmers Brother Little Billy Pollard hannan Shawen Raggea neghgue Tommy Jimmison Corn Planter Kowana See Signed sealed & Delivered in presence of - Horatio Jones. Wm. Johnston. c. Winney. Chs. Williamson Thomas MorrisBe it remembered that on the thirtieth day of October in the year one thousand seven hundred and ninety eight, personally appeared before me Moses Atwater one of the Judges of the Court of Common Pleas for the County of Ontario, Thomas Morris, who being duly sworn declared he saw the Grantors of the within instrument affix their signatures to the same as execution thereof - And that he the deponent with Charles Williamson in the presence of each other subscribed their names as witnesses to the same - I being personally acquainted with Thomas Morris and upon inspection of the said instrument, finding no material erasures or interlinations do allow the same to be recorded - - - - - Moses Atwater Clerks Office, County of Ontario Registered in the Fifth Book of the Records of Deeds for the County of Ontario Page 355 &c this Thirtieth day of October A. D. 1798 - Peter B. Porter, ClerkMary Jimeson copy of Decl. of Conveyance 1797
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Date: 1797
Text: To All to whom these presents shall come - Greeting - Know Ye that we the Sachems, Chiefs, & Warriors of the Seneca Nation of Indians, in consideration of one dollar received to our full satisfaction of Horatio Jones, end in the further consideration of services rendered, and monies expended by the said Jones for us, and for our use and benefit, do hereby acknowledge full satisfaction for all damages sustained by us or any of us for the non performance of the condition of a certain bond...
Show moreTo All to whom these presents shall come - Greeting - Know Ye that we the Sachems, Chiefs, & Warriors of the Seneca Nation of Indians, in consideration of one dollar received to our full satisfaction of Horatio Jones, end in the further consideration of services rendered, and monies expended by the said Jones for us, and for our use and benefit, do hereby acknowledge full satisfaction for all damages sustained by us or any of us for the non performance of the condition of a certain bond given by Oliver Phelps and Horatio Jones to Israel Chapin, Superintendant of Indian affairs for the six nations of Indians & his successor in office, in the penal sum of four thousand dollars and dated the thirtieth da of June in the year one thousand eight hundred and two, the condition of the said bond being for the conveyance of twelve hundred & eighty acres of improvable land adjoining either the Tonnawanta, Buffalo Creek, Allegany or Cannedea Reservation to us the said Sachems, Chiefs & Warriors - and the said Jones is hereby fully discharged & exonerated from all obligation & liability arising from or in any manner growing out of the said bond either to us or to the said Israel Chapin or his successor in office, superintendent as aforesaid - and the said bond is hereby fully canceled, discharged and ennobled to all inerets & purposes - and we do hereby discharge & obligate ourselves to discontinue a certain suit commenced in the Supreme Court of Indicature of the State of New York for our benefit against the said Jones in the name of the said Israel Chapin and acquit the said Jones from the same & from all costs, & charges arising therefrom - And we do further acknowledge that we have received from the said Jones full satisfaction for all debts, demands, claim, actions & causes of action either b bond, covenant, note, amount or otherwise which we or either of us have against the said Jones either in law or equity - Signed in presents of Jasper Parrish W. K. Dana Jellis Clute Henry Obael Corn Planter Yong King Black Snake Capt. Pollard Blue Eyes Little Beard Seneka White Tanis Halftown Broad Head Twenty Cannons Charles Cornplanter Snow Tall Peter Docstater Jacob Blacksnake Barefoot John Snow Major Berry Red Jacket
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Date: 1796-04-02
Text: The People of the State of New-York, By the Grace of GOD, Free and Independent: To Jasper Parish Gentleman Greeting. We, reposing especial trust and confidence, as well in your patriotism, conduct and loyalty, as in your valor and readiness to do us good and faithful service, HAVE appointed and constituted, and by these presents, DO appoint and constitute you the said Jasper Parish Cornet of Captain Thomas Morris's Troop of Horse in the Brigade of Militia Comprehending the Counties of...
Show moreThe People of the State of New-York, By the Grace of GOD, Free and Independent: To Jasper Parish Gentleman Greeting. We, reposing especial trust and confidence, as well in your patriotism, conduct and loyalty, as in your valor and readiness to do us good and faithful service, HAVE appointed and constituted, and by these presents, DO appoint and constitute you the said Jasper Parish Cornet of Captain Thomas Morris's Troop of Horse in the Brigade of Militia Comprehending the Counties of Ontario, Onondaga, and Steuben whereof Daniel (?) Taylor Esquire is Brigadier General You Are therefore, to take the said Troop into your charge and care, as Cornet thereof, and duly to exercise the Officers and Soldiers of that Troop in Arms, who are hereby commanded to obey you as their Cornet and you are also to observe and follow such orders and directions, as you shall from time to time receive from our General and Commander and Chief of the Militia of our said State, or any other your superior Officer, according to the Rules and Discipline of War, in pursuance of the trust reposed in you; and for so doing, this shall be your commission, for and during our good pleasure, to be signified by our Council of Appointment. In Testimony whereof, we have caused our seal for military commissions to be hereunto affixed. Witness, our trusty and well-beloved John Jay Esquire, Governor of our State of New-York, General and Commander in Chief of all the Militia, and Admiral of the Navy of the fame, by and with the advice and consent of our said Council of Appointment, at Our City of New York the Second day of April in the Year offer Lord, one thousand seven hundred and Ninety-Six and in the Twentieth Year of our Independence. Passed the Secretary's Office, the 7th day of April 1796 Lewis A. Scott, Secretary.Cornet Parish
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Creator: Chapin, Israel
Date: 1796
Text: To the Chiefs and Warriors, Brothers- Soon after I arrived home I found M. Parrish was at Canandaigua and I did not no any agreement that was made respecting the Sachems receiving their clothing which I found they wished to receive the at Genesee River. B- I sent you a speech to be explained to you by Mr. Ransome who I found afterwards was at Geneseo- I .. the a have speech by an Indian who also took 13 quarts of whiskey in order to … some … on the death of my much .. friend (Fish carrier) B....
Show moreTo the Chiefs and Warriors, Brothers- Soon after I arrived home I found M. Parrish was at Canandaigua and I did not no any agreement that was made respecting the Sachems receiving their clothing which I found they wished to receive the at Genesee River. B- I sent you a speech to be explained to you by Mr. Ransome who I found afterwards was at Geneseo- I .. the a have speech by an Indian who also took 13 quarts of whiskey in order to … some … on the death of my much .. friend (Fish carrier) B.- I now inform you again I wish to meet you with the clothing for you at the time and plan that will be desirable to you. I have just heard from Mr. Phelps and believe the money due to you from hi will be ready in about thrifty days from this time for the last year and this year. B.- If we can agree to have your receive your clothing and money at once it will be best and saw trouble of meeting again. The company who are about making B-settlement on Lake Erie will be here in about `18 days I have persuaded them it is best for them to hold a conference with you on the business- which they agreed to do- Brothers- The reason to be offered on this Business I shall say nothing about until I see you which will not probably be long before we can talk to each other and then the matter must be fairly and only taken up and you will therefore make your minds easy as I hope all matters will be rightly managed. B- You will agree on business with Mr. Parrish in regard to the [thing] and other things and he can inform me so that I hope we shall understand each other and what ever I scan do on my port I shall cheerfully do it I am Brothers your friend, Israel ChapinTo the head Chiefs Sachems and Warriors at Buffaloe CreekCapt. Chapin letter to the Ind. at Buffaloe
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Creator: Schuyler, Philip
Date: [1795-07]
Text: John Richardson Esquire of Mr. Jasper Parish having submitted to us the subscribers an adjustment of the Dispute between the said parties, relative to the Lot which the said Jasper is entitled to a certificate, according to the law providing for the purchase and sale of the Cayuga Reservation, which shall secure to him the right of Preemption at the one … price at which the Land of the said reservation shall be sold, We the said subscribers having viewed the premises, I heard the allegations...
Show moreJohn Richardson Esquire of Mr. Jasper Parish having submitted to us the subscribers an adjustment of the Dispute between the said parties, relative to the Lot which the said Jasper is entitled to a certificate, according to the law providing for the purchase and sale of the Cayuga Reservation, which shall secure to him the right of Preemption at the one … price at which the Land of the said reservation shall be sold, We the said subscribers having viewed the premises, I heard the allegations of the said parties so conceived it to be the peculiar[?} province of the agents appointed buy the act above alluded so to Settle and adjust circumstances disputes likely this; and therefore have submitted for the information & satisfaction of the said agents, the following Statement of Facts. - That the said John Richardson by virtue of a preemptive right, to himself granted or adjudged by the said agents as a Late or former acceptant on some part of the Cayaga Reservation as he has declared to us; and also, .. having purchased of john Spaulding his prospect of obtaining Compensation; since his claim to a preemptive right has been rejected by the said agents; hath laid or wishes to lay, his said right on Lot No. 131 on the EAst side of the Cayuga lake. And the said Jasper Paris hath also laid, or wishes to lay, on the same Lot a preemptive right, granted or adjudged to him by the said Agents, by virtue of a purchase he made of the improvement of Elisha Durkee, as an occupant on and about said Lot. - Upon the view and evidence aforesaid, we find that between Lots N. 924 and 144 on the Lake Shore, there are no Claims of Preemption allowedallowed by the said Agents, in their general Certificate, excepting the Claim of Jasper Parish for the improvement of the said Elisha Durkee. That the Divisional Line between Lots no. 131 and 137 on the said East Side of the Cayuga Lake runs thro' the improvement of the said Elisha Durkee, diving the said improvement, and leaving the greater part there of, together with the remains of an old Log Hutton the south side of said Divisional Line. - That on the North Side of said Lot No. 131- there are about three acres of unimproved Land enclosed by a fence made by the said John Spaulding whose claim has been rejected as aforesaid. - Seth Phelps Ben. Ledyard Thomas [?] Mumford Bery Dey [?] Scipio December 5th 1795
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Creator: Pickering, Thomas
Date: 1794-11-15
Text: Canand y. Novr. 15 1794 Sir In consideration of the good character and abilities of the Seneca War Chief Tishkaaga, usually called Little Billy, and of his Strong friendship and attachment to the United States, and depending on the continuance of that friendship and attachment, I have promised him an annuity of fifty dollars during his life. This my engagement on behalf of the United States. I hope will meet with your approbation. Little Billy is a steady, prudent and judicious man; and as...
Show moreCanand y. Novr. 15 1794 Sir In consideration of the good character and abilities of the Seneca War Chief Tishkaaga, usually called Little Billy, and of his Strong friendship and attachment to the United States, and depending on the continuance of that friendship and attachment, I have promised him an annuity of fifty dollars during his life. This my engagement on behalf of the United States. I hope will meet with your approbation. Little Billy is a steady, prudent and judicious man; and as such of great influence in his nation. Without rewarding merit, Charity would plead strongly in his favor; as he has had the misfortune to lose his sight to such a degree as to be disabled from getting his livelihood by hunting. T. Pickering True Copy Honl Henry Knox Esqr.Little Billy
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