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Creator: Parish, Jasper, 1767-1836
Date: 1813-1815
Text: This is to certify that Jasper Parrish of the town of Canandaigua in the county of Ontario in the twenty-fourth collection district of New-York, hath paid the duty of two dollars, for the year to end n the 31st day of December next, for and upon a two wheel carriage, called a Chaise owned by him and the harness used therefor. This certificate to be of no avail any longer than the aforesaid carriage shall be owned by the said Jasper Parrish unless said certificate shall be produced to a...
Show moreThis is to certify that Jasper Parrish of the town of Canandaigua in the county of Ontario in the twenty-fourth collection district of New-York, hath paid the duty of two dollars, for the year to end n the 31st day of December next, for and upon a two wheel carriage, called a Chaise owned by him and the harness used therefor. This certificate to be of no avail any longer than the aforesaid carriage shall be owned by the said Jasper Parrish unless said certificate shall be produced to a collector, and an entry be made thereon, specifying the name of the then owner of said carriage, and the time when he became possessed thereof. Given in conformity with the laws of the United States this fifteenth day of May 1815. S. Batts Collector of the 24th collection district of New-York. Countersigned, Eliphalet Taylor Deputy CollectorCarriage tax paid May 15, 1815Mr. Jasper Parrish To the Trustees of Canandaigua Academy - - Dr. To tuition one quarter from 5 April to 26 June 1813 of Isaac Parrish in reading &c - - - $2.50 assessment of wood - - - 12 1/2 Recd. Payment $2.62 1/2 Nath W. HowellN. W. Howell Receipt June 26 1813(Copy) Washington 19 Fby 1817 I hereby acknowledge to have recd of Mr. Jasper Parrish a draft of Mr. Gamble on me for eleven hundred and sixty three dollars 75/100 for collection, which is when paid to be held for his cacti #1163--75/100 Alex Kerr Funds expected from Mr. Cross purse agent at Charleston S. Ca Received October 20, 1817 of Jasper Parrish Esqr the original receipt of which the above is a copy, for collection - John G. SpencerJohn C. ThomasReceived Batavia April 2d 1808 of Jasper Parrish two Dollars and twenty three Cents being the amount of tax aforesaid on 640 acres of Land in his Name in the town of Erie for the years 1806 & 1807.$2.23 Joseph Ellicott Treasurer Genesee County David E. EvansJoseph Ellicott receipt for $223 April 2d 1808Canada 12th Febr 1820 Mr. Jasper Parrish Dr. To Thos. Shepherd To three scholars one quarter each in Dancing - - - - $15-00 To one scholar half a quarter Do Do - - - - 3-00 $18-00 Or by cash per entrance 0 0 -3-00 15-00 Recd payt in full Thos. J. Shepherd Capt. Parrish's Act.T. Shephard receipt Feby. 1, 1820Jasper Parish Esq to Richd Wells Dr 1817 July 27 to Dec 20 To sundry visits & medicine $15.50 1818 Feby 17th to Octr 10th To sundry visits & medicine 11.25 1819 Feby 20th to Nov 18. To sundry visits & medicine 4.25 1820 Feby 5th to July 9th To sundry visits & medicine 2.00 $33.00 cr By Ca--- powder returnd 4/. By Cash for Indian 16/.Recd the amount of the within act in full by J Parishs Acct rendered up to May 16th, 1821. & Cash to balance - Richd WellsJ Parrish Esqr- CopyMr. Jasper Parrish To the Trustees of Canandarqua Academy, Dr. To Tuition of Isaac Parrish one quarter, - $3.00 ending 19 Augt 1812 "assessment for wood, - - - - - - - - - - - Received payment, Nathl. HowellN Howell Receipt 19 of Augst 1812Canandaigua July 2d 1811 Received of Mr. Jasper Parrish the sum of Ten Dollars in full for his subscription to the first Congregational Society of said Town to sixth day of October next. Nathe Gorham TreasurerN. JulyJasper Parrish To James B. Mower Dr. 1811 - June 19 To drawing deed You to McGuire $ .50 " To registering Morte McGuire to you 1.75 " To recording deed Nortor to Granger 1.12 1/2 " To ---- Rees to youu .87 1/2 $4.25 19. June 1811 Recd pay. in full James B. MowerJames B. Mower Receipt 19 of June 1811J. ParrishCapt Jasper Parrish To Henry Chapin Dr 1810 July 20 To 5 Galls Oil at $1.25 - - - - - - $6.25 Recd in full of the above Henry ChapinHenry Chapin Receipt 1810Capt. Parrish a/c
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Creator: Paine, Edward
Date: 1798-05-26
Text: Scipio May 26, 1798 Sir Mr. Morrison has just Returned. I have seen him, but cannot prevail upon him to hire out. I wish you to assist Joel in the appraisal of the Cattle as he is unacquainted with the People in your Quarter, and will have the choosing of one Apprisor on which much depends. We have made search in the Office, and there is no such name on the Files as you mentioned in your letter. I am Sir yours sincerely Edward Paine Mr. Jasper Parrish Perhaps you and Porter can agree, if he...
Show moreScipio May 26, 1798 Sir Mr. Morrison has just Returned. I have seen him, but cannot prevail upon him to hire out. I wish you to assist Joel in the appraisal of the Cattle as he is unacquainted with the People in your Quarter, and will have the choosing of one Apprisor on which much depends. We have made search in the Office, and there is no such name on the Files as you mentioned in your letter. I am Sir yours sincerely Edward Paine Mr. Jasper Parrish Perhaps you and Porter can agree, if he will give as much as you think they will be apprised atMr. Jasper Parrish CanandaiguaGeneral Paine Letter May 26, 1798
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Date: 1799-04-08

Creator: Irvin, Callender
Date: 1803-05-18
Text: Presque Jule May 18th 1803 Dear Sir, I arrived here the next after I parted with you, more fatigued than my horse, I just in time to send you six hundred dollars by W. Reed, who sets out tomorrow for Canadaigua. Two Hundred of this you will pay W. Follet taking his rec. therefore, specifying it as the first payment of a contract entered into by said Follet for erecting a mill at the Tuscaraora Village, be good enough to acknowledge the rec of the whole sum, as soon as you conveniently can...
Show morePresque Jule May 18th 1803 Dear Sir, I arrived here the next after I parted with you, more fatigued than my horse, I just in time to send you six hundred dollars by W. Reed, who sets out tomorrow for Canadaigua. Two Hundred of this you will pay W. Follet taking his rec. therefore, specifying it as the first payment of a contract entered into by said Follet for erecting a mill at the Tuscaraora Village, be good enough to acknowledge the rec of the whole sum, as soon as you conveniently can send me a return of the different Nations of Indians and their relative situations, I hope you found all well on your arrival at home. Yours Sincerely, Callender Irwin P.S. I will send you more when I hear from the War Department, don't forget Mayor Rogers Ind. Shoes- as so good an opportunity may not occur shortly, I have strained 200 more making $800 in all, I will trust to providence for moreThere is not a sheet of paper in all this Town, I cut this out of my Book C. Irwin
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Creator: King, Jabez
Date: 1828-09-11
Text: Buffalo Sept 11. 1828 To Jasper Parrish three day ago Capt P B Porter came back we took a counsel about our money that we might never lost it at Monday we shall suspect that Mr B Port we must go home, Jasper, Barrish. i should like to tell you that here is a good deal of sickness some are dead Jabez King my father Young KingJabez King's Letter 11th Sebt 1828

Date: 1819-05-18
Text: Know all men by these presents that we Jacob Dockstader called in the Oneida language Jacob Towah hagalaquon son of Capt Honjury To onwenloloquon of the Revolutionary army an Oneida Indian, and William Lacohalasee son of Lieut John Lacohalasee of the said army also an Oneida Indian, and Taneka alea-tuns-than, widow of Lieut Cornelius Ca-herkitoloon, of the same army, and Abraham John, son of Capt. John Ota-aweeh-ttoon of the same army, and Anna. Ja-co-ta-loon-ho grand daughter of Lieut....
Show moreKnow all men by these presents that we Jacob Dockstader called in the Oneida language Jacob Towah hagalaquon son of Capt Honjury To onwenloloquon of the Revolutionary army an Oneida Indian, and William Lacohalasee son of Lieut John Lacohalasee of the said army also an Oneida Indian, and Taneka alea-tuns-than, widow of Lieut Cornelius Ca-herkitoloon, of the same army, and Abraham John, son of Capt. John Ota-aweeh-ttoon of the same army, and Anna. Ja-co-ta-loon-ho grand daughter of Lieut. Cornelius Oqui-ontaa of the Same army and David O Coon-tatekha, son of Lieut Henjost To-we-sa-quol-hoon of the same army, do hereby and severally appoint & each for himself and herself appoints Capt Jasper Parish of Canandaigua in the county of Ontario & State of New York his & her attorney to ask for, demand & receive at the proper department of the Government of the United States for our respective use & benefit & for that of the other heirs of the Officers above named the customary assurance for the lands due to the said Officers for their respective services in the Revolutionary War and to do all acts necessary for procuring such assurance the same as we would do were we personally present. In witness whereof we have respectively set our hands and seal to these presents this 25th day of September 1824. Jacob Towah hagalaquon William Lacohalasee Tanekalea tunstha Anna Ja-co-ta-loon Abraham John Atonine Kiketote David Oloontatchkha Signed & sealed in presence of Saml Dakin Atty for O. IndiansAlso the following persons have signed those premises - Elisabeth Kawanayale Margarett Skeaundo The above is signed & sealed in presents of Charles G. Eggleston Oneida Sept. 27 - 1824Oneida Sept 27 Paid 37 1/2 Capt Parrish Indian Agent Canandagua
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Date: 1803-02-15
Text: War Department 15th February 1803 Sir With this you will receive a commission constituting you a Sub-Agent of the United States to the six Nations, now under the general superintendence of Callendar Irvine Esquire. Until more ample instructions on the subject of your agency, and various duties connected with it can be furnished, you will govern yourself by such directions as you may receive from Mr. Irvine in all matters, in relation to which you are not particularly instructed by this...
Show moreWar Department 15th February 1803 Sir With this you will receive a commission constituting you a Sub-Agent of the United States to the six Nations, now under the general superintendence of Callendar Irvine Esquire. Until more ample instructions on the subject of your agency, and various duties connected with it can be furnished, you will govern yourself by such directions as you may receive from Mr. Irvine in all matters, in relation to which you are not particularly instructed by this department. It will be your duty to spend at least three months in each year, during the warm season, within the tribes of the Oneidas, Cayugas, Stockbridge, Onondagas, and those Indians who inhabit the banks of the Genesee river. Of your proceedings while among the Indians, you will keep a correct journal,noting and remarking such circumstances as in your judgment are important to the United States, a copy of which you will forward to Mr. Irvine, at least once a year. You will endeavor to obtain and confirm the good will and affection of the Indian; to introduce the arts of civilization, domestic manufactures, and agriculture. To dissuade from and discountenance the use of ardent spirits among them, and in all matters and things conduct yourself in such manner as shall be best calculate to affect the benevolent designs and views of the General Government towards their Indian brethren. You will be careful and vigilant in reporting every circumstance and event which may occur that is important to the government of the United States to be made acquainted with. The place of your residence will for the present be Canandaigua. I am, Sir, Yr obt Servant N. Dearborn Jasper Parrish Esqr.War Department Jasper Parrish Esq.Letter of Instructions from N. Dearborn Esqr, Feby 15, 1803
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Creator: Ridgeway, Fielder
Date: 1813-10-03
Text: Balls Tavern - Octr 3rd. 1813 Sir, If the Indians should arrive in Canandaigua this Evening - & I want provision you will be pleased to make the requisition as usual; & say to the Contractor I will Sign and requsion you may make for the U. States Indians, -When I am not Present, - I am Sir, respectfully Fielder Ridgeway Capt U. S. R Regt. Candg Recg Dist No 3 Capt Parrish U.S. Indian Agent Canandaigua (N.Y)

Creator: Calhoun, John C.
Date: 1820-02-19
Text: Department of War, 19th February, 1820 (Circular) Sir, The practice of Indian Chiefs in visiting the seat of government, is attended with great inconvenience, as it is impossible to spare any time to devote to their affairs, from the more important and pressing business of the nation. In future the Chiefs of the Several Indian tribes must not be permitted to visit the seat of government, unless this Department is first notified, throe' their agent, of their desire to do so, and its...
Show moreDepartment of War, 19th February, 1820 (Circular) Sir, The practice of Indian Chiefs in visiting the seat of government, is attended with great inconvenience, as it is impossible to spare any time to devote to their affairs, from the more important and pressing business of the nation. In future the Chiefs of the Several Indian tribes must not be permitted to visit the seat of government, unless this Department is first notified, throe' their agent, of their desire to do so, and its sanction is obtained to the measure. You will inform the chiefs of the nation to which you are agent, of this order on the subject, and that, if they visit the seat of government without complying with it, they will have to beat their own expenses. I have the honor to be, Your most obedt. Servt. J. C. Calhoun Superintendents and Agents for Indian Affairs
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Creator: Pleasonton, Alfred, 1824-1897
Date: 1864-09-30
Text: Saint Louis, Ms. September 30, 1864 My dear Miss Carrie, I returned to this place today, & as there is some prospect of my leaving in pursuit of the rebels now making a raid in this state, I wish to say that should you address your letters to me here I will receive them, as I have made arrangements to have my letters forwarded to me. A great deal of excitement has been created here by this invasion of the "rebs,* much indeed I am inclined to think unnecessary - Some politics of...
Show moreSaint Louis, Ms. September 30, 1864 My dear Miss Carrie, I returned to this place today, & as there is some prospect of my leaving in pursuit of the rebels now making a raid in this state, I wish to say that should you address your letters to me here I will receive them, as I have made arrangements to have my letters forwarded to me. A great deal of excitement has been created here by this invasion of the "rebs,* much indeed I am inclined to think unnecessary - Some politics of course had to be mixed up in it, & to appease the feelings of angry Dutchmen who refused to fight under Gen. Blair, he has been relieved & your humble servant substituted as you will see by the enclosed order.I regret more & more to see the bitterness of feeling which pervades the political circles In this section of the country; unless it is checked or moderated it mill end in bloodshed. I am popular here at present with the fancies of these people, but they are so fickle that I expect when I least deserve it, to receive their reprobation - This will not deter me in the least from doing what I think I ought to do, for I have not much faith in public opinion in times like these - I enclose you a very pleasant letter from General Hancock; it is a good autograph, besides giving you some of the ideas of as distinguished a man as he has proved himself to be. His expression, "oh how physically wearied I am," speaks volumes of the hardships and struggles our noble soldiershave to support, show they are groaning for an honorable peace & the suppression of the rebellion - Do not think it is any breach of confidence in me to send you such letters? I know Hancock so well I am certain he would willingly consent to it . - I told Ingalls I had given his letter "to the young lady who had the ponies," as a specimen of his levity.- He laughed, & said "all right I wish you to know these men who are playing so grand a role in the country's history, as I know them - You cannot do so in a better way than by reading their letters which are characteristic - Since I left you, I have striven with my feelings for you, until I am completely vanquished - To attempt - to restrain them, only increases their power over me, & I very frankly tell you so. It is such a happiness to love you that I cease to be myselfin my thoughts of you. My late visit to Southfield is like a beautiful dream of which you are the guiding spirit - and you will always appear to me, what your generous good nature, delicacy of feeling and true loveliness of character indelibly impressed upon my memory every moment of the time - You promised to command me? Do so always, and do not forget the French proverb: ce que femme vent, Dieu le vent: Remember me in the kindest manner to Mr. and Mrs. Townsend, and give Elsie and me a kiss in remembrance of our romps together - Good night. Yours as ever, A PleasantonMiss Caroline P. Townsend, Southfield, Orange County, New York State.
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Creator: Parish, Jasper, 1767-1836
Date: 1828-01-26
Text: (This First) Canandaigua 26 Jans. 1828 Sir, I beg leave to refer you to my letter of 1 Mar. In obedience to t he order of the Secretary of War, i have commissioned my Son Edward Parrish to repair to the St. Regis Village, from which I was prevented by an attack of the Rh…. which made it improper for me to undertake the journey- I send to you enclosed a copy of my letter of Instructions to him marked No. 1- a copy of my letter to the Indians: No.2 - The report of Edward Parrish…"No.3- a...
Show more(This First) Canandaigua 26 Jans. 1828 Sir, I beg leave to refer you to my letter of 1 Mar. In obedience to t he order of the Secretary of War, i have commissioned my Son Edward Parrish to repair to the St. Regis Village, from which I was prevented by an attack of the Rh…. which made it improper for me to undertake the journey- I send to you enclosed a copy of my letter of Instructions to him marked No. 1- a copy of my letter to the Indians: No.2 - The report of Edward Parrish…"No.3- a list of the names of the Chiefs & Warriors claiming the protection of this Government & No. 4 He returned from this mission on the 24th June after a very fatiguing journey and has acquitted himself to my satisfaction. I have only to add that I believe there will be no more cause of complains from this quarter, and I shall continue to warn them against any improper conduct. I am Sir my respectfully … Joseph Parrish, Subagent of the US to the Six Nations of Indians- MM L.W. Kinney Esqu Indian Office Washington(Copy) Letter to Thomas L. McKinney January 26, 1828
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Creator: Fairbanks, Dorothy May
Date: 1940
Text: Table of Contents 1® lltil! Zntrodmtiefi - I The Life of Jasper Barrish • 1* II The Iroqmois Confefer&ey &md Other Sfesr-York Indians . 12*. Ill GmrervMst - Imiian Relations 25. letters SfcpA Booimesits with Introductions Annotations Dooi^^est Swfeer WlStSfl 1* Tfe^fcliy PiokeriBg Latter to Pirri^ About.- the Tioga Poifit Moating 29 » 2» Platering to P&rrish About the Painted Post Treaty 32* 5. Piekerimg Instructions to P&rrish About Painted Post Tremty 36. 4* Wastage f^om...
Show moreTable of Contents 1® lltil! Zntrodmtiefi - I The Life of Jasper Barrish • 1* II The Iroqmois Confefer&ey &md Other Sfesr-York Indians . 12*. Ill GmrervMst - Imiian Relations 25. letters SfcpA Booimesits with Introductions Annotations Dooi^^est Swfeer WlStSfl 1* Tfe^fcliy PiokeriBg Latter to Pirri^ About.- the Tioga Poifit Moating 29 » 2» Platering to P&rrish About the Painted Post Treaty 32* 5. Piekerimg Instructions to P&rrish About Painted Post Tremty 36. 4* Wastage f^om Timothyring- to the Six Wations*.. 42 » ItS'S 5« Copy of a Deed of Cessloft by the Seneea l&tieti to Mary Chios Alien, Bate?* July 15, 1791 46♦ 8* Pioneering Motifies P&rrish of His Appointment as M : fiM " Interpreter, ITS2. 61• 7. Parrish Report to Pieke-img About a Meeting of Indians mt Buffalo Greek♦ 63♦ g| Permission Granted to Jasper Parrish, 179B* 67* Quaker Letter firm Jobs P&rri&h at Wiagara to Jasper Parrish, 1795* . 70* 10* Annuity Promised to Little Billy, Senma Chief, 1794 §IS dct 11« John Parrish to Jasper F*rrlah_t 1796f Coaeersi'ng 1 i II ii Quaker Work Imon § the Indians. ??. | : | ■# SIS IS.....Ilik- liH W tiztlA WlfM m m m m >m§ m ® -t w: n $m I o 0 i # 0 m 0$ S rn - I M P m m w 0 <« * ea 1 S? *f m 0 1 ft; . W : Ji ct €t ■M w g © ■ p I Ct » m 1 m w m m W. -A m m m o© t w. I a » . m r* h* o # $ $ q o 0 • ct 0 <L, p m m $ n m p n H H* § lit a" i H p ct O H * # I ** H * : a H 4 § s» i 3. ® g&i o. U o I H* i £ O &. Ct M m $ €* H* J §5 O H i £3U & to M H* a H* i fl$ o # 1 09 sr a Si jxto 01 ii o f : © I m m m a i» o a ^ t q m ® I 1 ii 0 an m o 0 # 01 0 e» 1 |T a ft Ct m o m 0 I m 0 - -1' I- sr a ■ #1'' | # a # ca ## H f ct HI 1 I i * * ■ q a ■ w p - 0. # . Js 1 fe ; ii Jl M 'SI 01 - d-' a |i m ct o W p M -1-. J2T. m M If I .t* I I ttf 0 is ct m m m ct ■ ■ ct- 0 m ct- m - 1 i f t B ^ li: ■ cf; Hi © & it o HI . I tr4 S9 cis 1 i m i ® o o u m m . ii a* w* i m m m m m # 01 p M I M li h».. 12. Original Deed of Somejmtoe of Property to Farv D^l dimesas, 1797 81. IS. !>t2 Certain Omuls Letter to the Seneca Chiefs at Buffalo Creek, 1802. 88. 14 e Oliver Phelps Awards Annuity to Little Beard, 1802, 9S. 15. Address Made arid Signed by Thomas Jefferson, -while President, to Indian Delegation in WasMegton, 1803. 95. 16. Tnstr .'ctions f o •<> the Secretary of "far to Parrish, on Ms Appointment a- SWb-Agent, ISO??. 102. 17, Callender Irwin Letter to Jasnor Parrish, IPOS. 106. 18. Cus.1 19. Invoices of Indian Annuity, 1805. Dearborn Writes Parrish Mentioning the Receipt by the Seneca Chiefs of IS3S0. . . 108. 114. 20. Dearborn to Parrish Concerning the Seneca Investment of $100,000 - 1808. 116. 21. IBs If 22. Letter to Parrish from ' .'illiam Spring, 1809. Letter of General Dearborn to Srastus Gran.v«r, 1812. 118. ' 121. 23. Letter /rittes by Vastus Granger, 1812. 124. 24. Letter from Morgan Lewis to Parrish, April, 1813. 129. 25. Letter from Captain Ridgeway to Parrish, October IS, ISIS. 132. 28. Letter a d Ssolosnre from Genem! Porter to Parrish, 1814. 135. 27. Letter frosu Sdiaand A. Trowbridge to Parrish, 1814V 139. ♦ 28. Letter Written by General Porter at Port Brie, 1814. 141. 29. to] ?'lister Roll of Six Rations in the "ar of 1812. 144.SO * A Coessunteatlea from Depatatlea of t1 a Six Wat ions t0 the Secretary of "ar * « . 151* II* Granger latter to Parrish, 1815* - 166 « 32* Smigif to B&rrish* August, 1818* ISO* 38* Granger to Parrish, Deeesiber,. 1816* 162* M« Letter to Parrish from the Acting Bee re tary of War* March, 181?* 164* 35* Letter to Parrish Written at the Bequest of Ms Indian Poster Mother, 1817* 16?* S6* Scribe fs Copy of 1818 Petition to Present Mgnree hy Indian Chiefs, lmmml$%m* 170* Cirmilar front J® G« Calhoun ta Superintmni^nts and Agents fro Indian Affairs, 18S0* ITS* 9$, teeelpt of #136 Acknowledged fey Tsro ^.rriors for rcpsa Part iB War of 1812. 178. J59* Receipt Signed by Seneca Chiefs, 1821, for $6000• 181* 40, Tmm Kittg*s Receipt, 1821, fo- $100 Annuity 184, DrO - #1* Qaaker Letter from Joseph SDdafeoit to Btrrlftfe* 1822 » 1ST* 42* Contemporary Copy of a Talk Made by the Secretary of "far, Calhoun, to Three Seneca Chiefs, 1823* 189. 43* Copy of Letter frm Turn • rora Chief to the lep^ rtmmtxi , 1825® 195. 44*' S^Terml Indian Chiefs Appoint Parrish as Attorney rst/f for Revolutionary Claims, 1824* 199, 45* Reverend fhompsoii 3* Harris Letter to Parrish, 1826* 202* 46* knmiit Accounting of Goods Bought f mud Receirt of Z7~Q] Chieff? for Goods, 1826* 208*47. G&wbxrioatiim to 'Parrish from the Office of Indian Affairs About the St* Regis Indians. 209. 48« Parrish Answers the Previous Letter frm VeKeisMy on Jamiary 1, 1828* 213. 4t. Instructions from Jasper P&rrish to Ms Sob* Edt-rard P. Parrish, the Irmeiatoa l-rent to It. R#gis. 214• SO* Cef^y of Letter from Jmsp^ - Jhrrish to tha St. Reisis Indians, Delivered %y his 3om. 215 • 51. Sap art of St. Regis Rfsslcm by Parrish to Jasper P&rrish* 52. Cofy of Jasper Parrish fs Report OH th# St. Regis Problem Sefet to Thomas t*. KoKetiney with Eaelcsures* SIS. 5S# Reverend Th.&mp-mn S* Harris Letter to Parrish* 1829® 220. 54. teoeipt of Colonel Pollard for 1100 tenuity, 1831. 222. Impa I lew York, 1788.- the Indian Country. 223^ II l%w York Land Purchases # State Military Tracts* ff7. Ill Reservations im Hew York after 1797 Treaty* 228. IV few York lesenrations of the Six Satioms* 1890. 229. V Preset law York by Counties with Places Located that are Kent limed la Paper.. 230. Bibliography 1 Barri sh Papers. IX . 25 \ » 22 \ *Bs : * Fori Jlor*ts* 211 . X? Articles and Historical Society Pn%lloatioTis» 23^. ¥ Bnof&lepddi* Ariial^t* 2S8* 7T :c , - 1 * v/' 25: .tioir »,I. flie nmm of «ts* er fsrrish is seldom ss&ationed by historian* of Italted St^t#*fyet hSs life his .work were a igs if feasts of hie nearly mwmnty were t{)«&t among the Isutleas of Yark flrirt ; © e«ptiend pJapiai son dur img the Revolutionary Wari Si then III I' servles of the United States OoveritmeBt from If 90 to 4 at the beginning, m mn interpreter iSai efterOS || s«b~sgeirfc a&d interpreter* ?h# papers that are In the group below itrs; origiaelly in his possession mi hmm sitmm been passed ipm 1© his family. Ha addition to revealing mmj aspects f# the official problems #f Jasper Parrish* the •papers contribute informatics to the history of the Six Hations if India&s, of the Stmts of Stw York* and of the United States SoTersment Im4im Jesfter Parrish wee bora in Wimdhsm, Connecticut In ITS? but soon moved with his family into lew York State, at some point across the headwaters of the Pelaware Sivar* On July StI778 Jasper mi father were eapt&red-% t, small group of Mteteys* a branch of the Delaware Indians* Shortly 1* "be Jssper ^writh Papers were presented to the Library of Vassar College fo by | direst descendant, Caroline Towns end Moaks, Class of 1940, f assar College*. ti§ is descended from s daughter of F&rrish who married Peter Towasend, is the fifth generation from Jasper Parrish* 2* In 1822,Parrish either made Botes or dictated the story of his life to some person wrote it- 1 *C0PY* of this is moag the Parrish Papers, the following- end quotations are from the mC<j¥¥n unless other- wite noted*. A almost id emtio el account of his life is publishedf'The story of Captain Jasper Par ri*h% edited by Frank Severance* Buffalo H later teal Society Publications* W(l9dS), 8B7-6S8* The origHsT" «Miy@#rlpt at the time of publication was owned by Mrs® lillim ©orhtm . of Ctsi^ii ipsa, whose husband. was a grandson of Parrish* Included in the published biography ere occasional references to an'account of his itlm Wh° *fndl!d H &M written SS S Mllfltl fc ifplfif of the B«ff«lo Historical Society* It is noted % .. i. * - - - in -1 : . . p. " 01 Mrth ar« t*™ the Stephen Parrish biography. 1.after they ®rrived ©t Cookhouse which is ne&r Deposit, lew York, the father was separated from the Jjjroup and surrendered to the British at Port finger «u Two years later the futher was exchanged as a prisomer of war nn4 ttfesil to his family* Parrish belonged to a Munsey, Captain Mounsch, who left him with 3 / Iisd%m family at Cookhouse for .seme time* During this period Jasper ■Wf?s eppreheneive nft ? t hie c«, safety* In October the eleven year old d apt ive of the Indians traveled with hIs master to Chemung, lew York* Here Jeaper endured beatings from the Indians who were accustomed to make captives rum the gauntlet, that is rim between two lines of Indians and be beaten by them* His master stopped this torture* Soon he was sold by Captain Bouasch to a Delaware Indian family for twenty dollars* With this family he lived on the Tioga liver until August, 17^9* ^During the winter he was verry scanty clad, and his suffering fron both cold mud hunger were verry great** He lived acordiag to Indian, customs end was compelled during the winter to »§ to Siver with two Indian boys and ^Jimi| into the River through a hole in the ice11 for m:* invigorating bracer Si the cold weather* He hunted and fished lliiiil 1 |i IliS SI |1. - • ::? f .' :■ ; ; ; .V. -1^11 ||| |; with the Indians during the spling and sumer«. Jasper seldom heard English spoken, but he acquired an understanding of the Delaware language and was #ble to speak it* When Sullivsn led m Mmrioexpedition into the Indian. Country , in 1779 which laid waste to much valuable land, P&rri&h was left by the Indian' warriors with the squaws, baggage, and a few young Indians* This group tetreated up the Tioga River and was joined at the Painted Post by - the retreating warriors* *The party of Indians who had charge of Parrish 2*!«*! lately took np their line of mar eh westward by the way of Rath* Toitawfrnda and so on to Port Sieg&rft then a British Post11* leer the Fort the majority of the SIk Mat ions driver, from their hom#ii md their provisions burned by thm inTadiag Colonial troops* P^rri&h rm%m4 there about six weeke, narrowly 0 so aping Ming killed by tmo Srmkmm Indiana* Jasper its soli at fart Hlagar* for twenty dollnrs to a Mohawk Indian, Captain Est id Hill, who lived on the plate beloir the Fort* Parrish ws foreed to learn the Mohawk 1.* signage whioh differed greatly fron the than fmlliw Lwlewere* 1 e lired with the Hill family for or®r five years -.a w#11 treated in tttry He Simttd, fiahed»'sad worked with the Indians, but he was steirer asked, to do any work *beyoad his ability or endurance"* At a general ommoil of the Six Satio&s of Indians and the British at Fort llagara in November, 1?80, Captain Hill had Jasper Parrish adopts as n mm amid elaborate ceremony* Yhile Jeaper s lining near ort I lager a he ymmtg " :;io Jones, unother -white bw o&pteired durlug the B evolution*** Jones 1 ived with the S*neem% and in- I iter jbbtb ha and Parrish often iaet in executing Indian builtttMta* Jeeper Mid his Indimt father '»v#d from Fort Ml&g&ra is May* 1781 and with m group of Sohanlc Indians made 0 settlement fit Lewtetom, farther smfth on the II agar a. **#ere Parrish resided among the -hhr^ks in the family of his Indian father md mother until the olotse of the Revolutionary *ar! He of tea traveled with Captain Sill among other tribes and nations astdfaui tlwuys kindly treated* 3* Harris* George B»,*?He Life of ioratio Jcmes11 * 8uffalo HIstoriefel Soc ieatloas IC iCOg) # 424k *2B«On tm® ber tf# I?$4# Jasimr Fmrrieh left le*t*to» by mm ImAimmt '.♦ho rarrvad*re£ hi at Fert Staxarix ftta* Ifce* Oneida to the t w or -» treaty the ihs 1 ited 11 'r at t&at .to $mptmm%mr* ®m®nhmm oM boy* now mt froe f s^arteJ mit to find Mi family frmi whrn* h& Hhl4 not hear€ tertug M-f? eaf&ivtfcy* he f^sd ihaB at Orange Goursty, Wm York*4 had h*<ar<3 tw* Sugliait lastguage so aM b^ar a- totely wmewtetoned to np^t It MmiteXff during so long % that He eantld with difficulty mlt h! f isa/^retoofl nprnnkin^ it so %ro1raa3.y** for silt* momttis of mhmlte h* fuUI aft r Ms rttwt he ^ IF ?ar*irh iiC V. ecn tiwi** Ms in 1784 astd the 1 % *#i#ft % J ir t vtei&tieiied i& ® e&ftor* ?*sr an interpreter Ib 3 TP i* set know** It is posaiblqltfe asms** V it he hud sos^i d aling* with the %tl:|mus daring this rmriod9 or he would met have been thought cpmlified to he the interpreter for the %ited Stat#s Sowrwent* It is »ot daflnltely many Indian lan-prx-er Parrish ngMtaH erne rit^r amtlow ■ that *he mpmk fluently sirs Indian language* msd another th!s#S ©rlsrado Allen writers6 is that Gmftain Farristh efofcti fiTO of the Iroquois 1 asgu&rei fluently* I have noml knowledge p.s to the truth of this elmlmi -Geneve I heard him address the Indlit wis always in the Boh* y tnetanee of Parrife wo^k sho*? that ao-n^r®^-^ naelly with «any Indian % ^JSefc alor ?arris^w is the only Parrlirh in or in OrtmcP y in If90 * this i« J^pb father* + of the , Em^*? r>t Mnillm- ^t th^ First C^rsis of tSe "Trite States f a ken in f^^^^FT^lS"* If^iKI^^^^lWP^OS # ^ f, ^— — — ——™ — S® l«lint tHa JmHaaa, 4 Sfetah of tHe tff^ o^ in Ifite^esMug ftarist^," O&tirio C<^fgfcy GaBaBd^iijua, Tar^ A^ril 16# 189f| tk# ^lippiBg is"^fts-r^f A eepy of ts ussi u^t^d te%t#r to Qghs alio with Parrish Facers - the ritc^r ^tigg^^t© that rs might imt^r^sted is irfsimti^ ^m^tsimfi thereiB® Orlmn.#e# ^Per^OB-^l I^olleetieias of Septal» J^ite.^ ^ Parrish^ mma of the I of ludiam Amsuities 1b Buffalo**1 Buffalo Htstorteal PifeliemtioB^y VI (190?), 541® This artiol# la mfli^f tT^^^s oF^i ^a^r e the Soeiety iB 1SS0 hy 41 leu* It eontains ref^renees to observation^ oi ftnnuit^ v ^ * f abont 1818 to 1MM*. f!?r#pp® ^ tH»*« ir^ mwj l»41ft*tleM tfemt Farrl^i mnd Herafei* Jonas vmll liV^a ' vis* In 17m tlmm two iw>» *mr* i a s^^ -/I- met cf V S*mmn, thm l&n-j situated £n ffts«st mrtlrMMt ^ as the *Farrish fr s^ *J0ne« Tr&oWf? At the mating wfttg tbis 1 ami! was allotted e * o ii^-orprotorsji jftura* -f Srotherf a prw&iMrat X&dlait. 0hisf# fprw ar eloquent spa^jfei *!Phls %Mrlwiftd Amtri#&tt 3e7oltttto& iwio so iirootod by -the Great Spirit atom, to t^ro^ Into our tms tea of jour tnf*nt ahildinm# Jaipur ParHitb and Horatio Joties* "To SM§Opto4 ths& into oar fwilias» mn£ r%\tb«R our eMMm# loved tboit and mwrtnh® tH«*» ♦ At length thm Great Sriirit spofeei to the tMrlvfisA nt?^ it mi ttill*«* Th# p&th of isms opined ear adtoted illiirti l#ft «* to 8 thair r«tl«fcl09S| tito rMdi among us# ais^ promised* if tfcogr wtald return ^ live in our oottntyy* to gfhr^ e mh of t m x M&t of lam- thm ar * thmir ohildrm to sit do&si It -vn r^mmrnA and hnw* 9 for sawral y**rm ba*m 3*rrie©'*b I** as ts int#*w»t*r*« W# still hearts bo&t with &ff«o%ion for th&m* mmd mm ^Imh to fulfill tho promts# m^e rmm>r& that for tbair this ^mil in if omftrMd by th® %mm York f%$mmhly mA 1#<5 in the •WC* tra^tjr bet- ihm S^naoas and 3%at#* fho this i-imrt mil* tot*lod $2*23 for tbo y-itrt 18©6 and 1*0? J® During the of ISIS* Vetted States sol di#rs onoampe:) at thm wmAh of So2ijooJi#% Sre^lr a^d part of jmrm O® ft FS of F^rrish locate- mt tba of that oreetf ^Mlo t^m tfi^y btirmd mils and: f«mo#s t# % balow bnt In thm f&rrtrh Pmtraeordu of 1^*23 taJt s for in thm mnntj of tmm of ! m A -ril 2# ta^m tf ^ofers to % ditrisicm of fc^o S mPB Coimty# lator fro^ it* In M^roh, Iff08# Wia^mra 0onntj split off fr« County, 1b 1821 lri# Goiarety semratad Magsrm Comity • fn«'> pr#s#?it "rie G^j "ty probablv to t1 ' ti?tff Of -ri# oi^d in 1808 RV! 1B0? S40 mr^ • ^ere Fmisklim B^ Smr-tta^r of Stmte gf few Idrk, f# 448#to keep warm.9 The Conjochetv Creek flows into Lgke Erie in the nor then part of present Buffalo, whih corresponds with the location of the "Parrish Tract." In 1815 the Senecas desired "to present to J asper Parrish, Esq., their interpreter, as an acknowledgement of his many services to them, a small island called Squaw Island (in the Niagara River)} containing by estimation one hundred and fifty acres.*10 It was arranged that Parrish should receive the land through a purchase from New York State at two dollars per acre. Parrish was very active in an official capacity at many of the significant treaties of the period as some of the documents among the Parrish Papers reveal: the treaty at Tioga Point in 1790; the meeting at the Painted Post in 1791; the treaty at Canandaigua in 1794, which outlined Indian agreements, clarified rights, and was the last important treaty with the United States; the 1797 Big Tree Treaty involving the sale of vast Senega land to Robert Morris}^* the 1802 land sale agreement between the Senecas and a group known as the Holland L&nd Company; the 1802 treaty between the Senecas and New York State involving the sale of a mile-wide tract from Buffalo Creek along the Niagara River to Fort Schlosserj^^ an 1805 treaty with western Indians;*3 and the 1815 treaty between the Senecas and the 9. The Creek was named for the Conjochetv Indian family who lived near its mouth, but it became better known as Scajaquada Creek. The document mentioning this land (no. 80, not included below) is an 1819 certification by an army officer that troops had encamped on and damaged the property of Jasper Parrish. Johnson, Crisfield, Centennial History of Erie County, New York, Buffalo, 1876, p. 117. 10. State of New York, Messages from the Governors...1683 to...1906, edited by Charles Z. Lincoln, Albany, II, 857, 857nl Governor Daniel D. Tompkins, February 22, 1816, to the Assembly. 11. Kanpler, Charles J., editor, Indian Affairs, Laws and Treaties, Washington, 1904-1913, II, "Treaties", 10WZ ™ ~ 12. "Story of Parrish", loc sit., pp. 536-37, note by editor. Fort Schlosser was on the Niagara River between present Lew^ston and Buffalo. 13. Parrish as an interpreter signed the JuM, 1805 Treaty with the Wyandotte, Ottawa, Chippewa, Munsee and Delaware, Snawnee, and Potawatomi at Fort Industry on the M^ami River. Some of the Six Nations considered attending the treaty and probably did so accompanied by Parrish. American State Papers, Indian Affairs,via^*,iwt**, 1, 702-03; Kappler, op. cit.,II, 7 7-78.St* in fftloh tfe# Wiias aold th- islands in the I lag art Hirer far If ♦l©G0#0O and a t500*00 perpetual mmtstity* Pmrrisk is often metiosied as present at eottnsils of the lad lams® The duties of Jaipur Parrish were ma^ ani Yniri#d# farti#ularlj lie assamd the duties of 1&* smb-agent to the Six latioaa in 1303 in addition to being fa interpreter to titem* His salary at m sub-agent was noted 3a 181® as #450*00 a yenr with additional to^ for his subsistmm®* flOOaOOi sis yearn late it is watiomed m |§00*00 pirns an added fee for tsrri^g as 15 interpreter* the pgr^semt of mmmMlmm to Hie Indians was am important duty of Parrish mi a significant event in the Indian year® The annuities wmm paid 16 from several nonrenal The United States from 1792-1794 allotted |XSOO*Q0 to the Six Hations* and after 1734* |4&00*00| the United States bees trustee in 1797 for Seneoa aoney from land sales and paid the interest to •fee Seneeasf Sew fork State, paid annuities to the Senmm* Cayugas* Gnondapeii and Oneidas for land sessions! and prirate individuals paid the Indians for lamI sales* Sot- all of these were paid at the stone tis&e* bat most of them were paid in the early sunner at Buffalo* at least in the time of Orlando Allenfs reoolleetion* about 1818 on* Allen describes the arrival at Buffalo of the two distinguished looking wm# FarrUfe. mA Jones* *ho took charge of paying the mmnitim® insuring that tke money ms properly distributed among tibe band® of Indium ami settling with the wmn aisployed to repair iiapleiaents tM guns of tlie Indians* These tiro mm were the medium of ®mmmi®mt%m betmen tfe* 14* *f Story of FarrUfe** loe* sit*, p» S3?* note by editor* IS* Ayr ipsa State PmprsT^^^ Affairs^ 11* 31* 163* 365-68* If® aTISTTSI aiC * plIPH 17* Mo F!>* 540-S44*Indians^ and the governments of the United States and Mew York State* The Indians of the various groups collected at the Seneca Council House. After nitny days were spent in meetings, in making accounts, in auditing claims, the money was divided p,er capita among the Indian chiefs and head men who had the numbers of their groups notched on sticks* The goods and implements were apportioned according to need* In turn the chiefs and head men distributed the money and goods among the mothers who represented their families* In contrast to the informal, friendly manner of Jones, Parrish assumed a more business like attitude with the Indians at annuity time and mingled little with them* Parrish1 s influence among the Six Nations was great; his word was law to them and yet he was always a friend and protector* Throughout his work among the Indians he had an attitude of helpfulness and genuine interest in the welfare of the Indians. "He was rertj desirous to civilize the Indians by inculcating among them habits of industry and instructing them how to cultivate their land, and by endeavoring to impress them with the use of property and the value of time."He was interested in the efforts to Christianize the Indians. In an interview with a missionary in 1821 he said that their aims for the Indians were the same, tending to 19 make them happy and prosperous* The Indians often visited Parrish at his home in Canandaigua, the county seat of Ontario County. The town was described in 1809 as consisting of "one street extending from the lake. It containfedj 20 from ninety to a hundred frame houses,..." A son of Parrish mentions 18. "COPY", loc. sit.f 19* "Journals of Rev* Thompson S. Harris," Buffalo Historical Society Publications, VI (1903), 289. 20. T. C. "T Hide to Hjagara in 1809, pp. 12»13, reprinted Rochester, 1915 from July to October, 1810"issues of the Portfolio.that Mis father would apend hours talking with the Indians nh0 called os him 21 both socially mi for bctiiiiass*, After hi a death* soma of the One Idas and Onondaga® ontinned their visits to to see his children and graaah» 22 0fcildr#mi these Tisits continued until abont 1887* Ja,aper Parrish served as sub-agent for -fee United Status imtil September* 1829, when I© turned ever the public records of the snb-agency to Juatms im^ 23 gersoll* hit accessor* He had been informed on *luly 31st of Ingersoll9* appointment* but none of the letters exchanged at this time between Parrish and the Department of War gacre my reason for his removal* Hciwerer* a letter from Ing#rs0ll to Thomas L* McXemey* Commissioner of Indian Affairs* 021 September 9,1829* revealed that Parrish had been unpopular with certain chiefs of the Six Natioms* Some of the chiefs had made complaints about Parrish in 1822 at a Tonawanda Cornell* but an investigation of the charges by the government showed that they were unfounded* fhe Semeeas similarly coiaplained In 1825 and were answered by Calhoun* toe Secretary of War* fhe aotual reason for his tinpopularity among soma of the ehiefa is not Parrish1 a efforts to encourage civilisation among the Indians were 24 often thwarted by the eloquent chief* led Jacket, who was among the complainants in 1825® There ia no indication of &ay definite move by led Jacket to have Parrish ousted* but it is very probable that this famous orator played mm important role* Little is known of the unofficial life of Jasper Parrish apart 21* Allen* loe* ait** p»554* Selated to Allen by Edward Parrish* a son of Jm^F^Fmflmm 22* Hamlin* loe* ait* Setter* fersom ®»* Acting Chief* Division of Inference* the Mational Archives* Washington* D*C* Letter April 10*1940 to Dorothy M® fairbassk® 24® ^Ccjy1** loc* ait*apart from his captivity, but a few of the documents among the Parrish Papers^J)ut not included below]reveal some of his other interests* He served in the Mew York State Militia for some time: there are records of his appointment as Cornet in 1796, and Second Lieutenant in 1797 in Captain Thomas Morris1 Troop of Horses in Ontario County, and of his 25 appointment as Captain of a Troop of Cavalry in 1800* He and one other man signed a description of the Town Line of 26 Canandaigua in 1799. Parrish paid a duty of two dollars in 1815 for owning a "two wheel carriage, called a Chase."*'7 The First Congregational Society of Canandaigua counted Parrish among its members; there is an 1811 receipt for the " sum of Ten Dollars in full for his subscription." He was highly respected in the town and was a Director of the Ontario Bank located there, A letter of introduction from a bank official records that Jasper Parrish is "one of our Directors, and one of our 2 9 most wealthy, and respectable Citizens/1 Parrish married a daughter of General Edward Paine of Aurora, New York, a Revolutionary officer who founded Painesville, Ohio^in 30 1800* u They had three sons end three daughters? the sons were 31 Stoohen, Edward, and probably Isaac; and the daughters were Carrie, who married Ebenezer S. Cobb,52, one who became the wi/e of William W* 25* Parrish Papers, nos. 15, 19, 26* 26* Ibid,, no, 24, 27* Ibid,, no. 71. 28* IbidT, no* 54, signed by Nathaniel G or ham (Jr.) 29. Tbid*, no. 96* 30. "Story of Parrish", lac. sit., p. 538. Editor8s note, Stephen Parrish Menuscriptj Shaw, William Bristol, "Byron Paine," Dictionary of American Biography, New York, 1934, XIV, 145. SI. Parrish Papers, nos. 55, 60, two receipted bills submitted to Jasper Parrish for the tuition of Issac Parrish at Canandaigua Academy in 1812 and 1813. 32. Ebenezer Cobb was lost on the burning of the S.S. Erie in Dunkirk in 1841. He left at least one child, Carrie Cobbb Draper, "Story of Parrish," loo. sit., pp. 527n, 538, editor's notes/ 10.Ocr m# t «o» tf V, nial ^ », Jr,35 arul a * tc« 4 fc*r \ rr%th lied &% Camilla if a on Jtaly 1853 , *t « • of sittYMtla® ymm tmr mmttm* W# is bu "in <1 in §mmmdmmgym CU ' Hig rife foll^i? ;; r^f. " 5 Imrm p®r%mit Of Wi 4b "wtario Oo rfe (knumtotigmu Sfffs* net*** T^y mm* fttlHm SwVsS of Smmm^lftm* to llw its t^e Tg^w^tv* Wmm® mt 3ovithfl*X4*# Suit ymrkw ml ii was 1b thl» hous* that of J&spe = Ffcrrtih** few % ^robtbly the group git^n to Y*8«r I rnwMmmmi by fctai gentian of t?t& -ill letter *arrishf military letter to Vrm_ s# loo, sit** ^-S^ » ""'V pars, m M13 rmr^imrmrx the >*ta&» of Sfre* Jailer i» June WW by k*®*Brfstol for aw'-lwl tm^t in '-vriXi l^Sfm It ms by Her e<m# T^rri&h* tu11 lie m a of ish has been linked sever** 1 ^r 4 th o| 1 - s f . f 4 ; ;r ' : . ^, • ci ' ie . : # r ^f 1fit, >tyia**s* ' T?h# Xre&ttola ^ k < v i "fce -: n >t 11 ii m 0 r-\se 11 « o** ^ ^o f i n^t no • o tleo s re% * fo* - eir tolitlaal D^^ntt^tlen Iwto a for the nollt$M& iroT*F*mey gained throgh h® IntsferaMoi) af the far th* military snprita&ey h re to : t - • ifcars t f by m vit o i e nj nst TtHifiis ?retip*» They plmpH a vital p >*t in the tegllah French eosifllot for eoloniml power # wwre £i* orient in farmtag a tmr-ier to eolonial settlementf they fm^-t 1b the ' coition ami the • v*ar of Tim Iroquois - rersi-«gricultural feo~Ist firming* roving* huvtriw % ?warring* They lived in villages jmlt«ded for "everal ' ill**® live long.* reot&ngul&r houses of hark that str*i#itMH over «oo'?en polasi the houses were e fifty 1 e eighty ftoet long* laeh natlm •■-ms divider! into three or n©r# elan or families* f t'-mt prssest in mil gratao* ** re the Turtle s the Bear* and ** * 'elf* ' 'b Indian halong«' to the elan of his Wothar hut nmrr S'?* He i o rani . i ^il inol i 'es t^i ' esl^t^f thow ^^ ^r^^nt^c! are Imn t-ie tmrm ^Iroquoi^11 1 m n®®4 ra^ ' |irehAnmet H^jtr^l^^ and Tlnron^ in 1%rths t 0 C'larolr^^ in t.H# and •lottm^my and in the Seutheaat ill belosfa^ to t* e Iroquolmri fttr^lly* I • ®Iroquoie<*# >^/oiormedi .^it/^toa$ 14th #^itlonf SI e-^T^rk* -yII# 38 IlaTsey ^^ra^es ' thit ing $ "The 61 d To rk Tro^jm m »3«14-180Q» Yer^* 1910* : .11^ — , %%% -:lm%vf mm ?ha o fch \M#ri0mm Indi^nw* Hev T#t%* {%iithsenian ieieBiffiee ^es, WfT^, 40# Col^«»* Cad nllader* ffce History of 1 ve ludiaB ^atlcma of vfti^h are o 190CT^nr-xvf* " ' " w r# the r^^r, imrmt§ mmA i i " ■ a . ' k ^ nn 0 af ?oeheeter • ^fr^itfl^n of 'her elm* % Inmri mm of t m crwra mi great*4* they r » * i o? Amines* ^riml^l fa. m offeara, the orders *>f 1 > * hkw mon n* - * € *m i; * ^eatalok removed b a at«§» lit authority* for ti. we® n it rjhe* jan that for & *hlef* l*o t^e mmmhi neramt-ed 1? civil law* 4 ay had a pri Ho; a of their \ r 1 v rs a > no r ce of *>e$ h^^hm "jjpMtas of os ami each ^ian crf" warrior* its &tlea as fi t3 into the plat* of attache* Their fremt#tit < rfarei m Am t" fva objeel of great fear ^ a to *y aaat of the Vle^lMlpfi Coldex*, writing in t^e 1ft-rhtmmtti eratttry* »<vfc*d feh&t ell tha surrounding nations striae ive to the Xresnoia and paid m^rui 4 tHftutee to 1 %a*« hey fought for t^e gJory of --ar and were ty «ts ? t flare*at an* most foml'-'ahl* in ^sttHtaa* \ : & — ^ 1 li' t©5 uell o*m he ftis c^w-ive * " l^eir oowjwsta carried them ^ron Hla? tie to the '*l*Msei i l?*r* ar.d from t he It* to t^a Tanner «ee 51ver«** "ft^i- ^irsuitsg thalr angles -with *S&pl*oah3a relenttessaes?** they tortured their ^rlmmrs *with the utmost lngannlty cruolty*lf4? fhe prlasttftre vmrm fmmm be the gaunt!afe* as! the? aubjtoa ad to further ill tr®ntr*Bnt$ 9mm mi^d mngr ndor^tiH by 41« X, irr-M 1 rmr^er, '^tip^B te?f» loo» sit * ^Q'^TjaH^ 41 # ' ' TkvK^f0 loe41 # 44o Of.* w^rT^T" 4S* IVi-U, : — 45 # # f^^le lea*se of the or lromoie# edited an! a^ootefj......My^SbH^TS^ tork, I'^M. r * ItBti SjtOB, llCTOrtil^.....0d ' nn*!! Saw 1919, IS.families who often had lost a relative. The origin and early history of the Iroquois is shrouded with mystery and explained by a variety of theories* Champlain in 1609 met a group of Iroquois on the lake now bearing his name* In that year an attack was made by the French and the Herons on the M0hawks. this was a n basis of extreme and bitter enmity of the Iroquois toward the Huron and their Indian and white allies*49 When the Europeans discovered the towns of the Nations there were many evidences of long occupation and 50 to this same conclusion point the conflicting traditions* T^e League of the IroquoisC>r the Iroquois Confederacy) which has been referred to was the distinctive feature of the organization of these Indians* T>,e League's beginnings are obscure and writers vary, but they agree that it was founded by 1570®^ Some believe the League began with all five nations participating^ according to the tradition about its founders, Hiawatha, a Mohawk, and Dekanawida; while others believe the League evolved over a period of years with only three or four of the nations cooperating to withstand common enemies* Arthur C* Parker's * 52 outline of the early history of the League is the most acceptable. trine* Hiawatha and Dekanawida founded the League of the Five Nations: which a had been led to closer consolidation by the pressure of the Huron and Algonkin enmity* The original Confederacy was of the Five Nations, for the Tuscaroras did not leave North Carolina for New York until the early eighteenth century; when they were admitted to the League it became the 48* Colden, op. cit*, I, xxvi-xxvii* 49* Parker, "Human 0c c up an t s,w loc* sit*, pp* 33-35* 50. Stone, William Leete, ftlW^Jgt,^ f For some of the conflicting traditions ena opinions on the origin of the Iroquois, see Morgan, op* cit*, I, 4-6, II, 187—91* 51* Kroeber, loc* sit*, p. 684; Stone*TSA35djfc op* cit*, / «117-19, 119n* Morgan, op* cit*, I, 4-6, II, 187-191* --— u 52* Parker, "H^man Occupants/ loc sit*, p. 27. 14*- n t*i ^ these " > <?il w« imrteJ i i i hol^ a *-r fi:,^ He*e if^ry e^eh -Its * fits im- * fe m a title. 3o*tIt * ere ml Heir t the MMiiffi xllV rre„ a nour the oefcter ef the feme* of the *»?# tribes. Owr*! *t Oamdtca »»e*e «mll«4 tite-it m mt er e>? -a ten?e the *hele* or a matter sa »erio*aa bat * 2 itleB ^iifee *<*r|e* ^iftrt maoMng a ^he \ tHe Bost faster** irilr©, tbe nf tH^ottfe<**rMy- mtll • a ^ eatatlea* \ writer in 1771 m their *iedezr£* ^ b —I . Fiel4p f a ohm^znj^lc*4« r- mr^r «te etb-r tb#$ ehtah tbey preii€?nm to this day.** the IMt&wkn generally t*k» the lemd*?tS4 The tftftaefee tbe storm fecr tihlle t**e 5enaeie mrff: ibe witin; door of the : ftetiee* *ae the territory mm*pie by Mr prlaelpa rmgm of twi eel led*11 5S It th# ef *he goarding mites to judge the hqpertaaee of the lmaS»e*a brought to the* % otber nations?* rn^ort all iwaaioBf! sut oelleet tribute for region* the long limee s telle was mimt^iieii bo iti^r eeeld bo eereldere ly the C-tyu^ "nouiaga^ o# mtio t imlees it had oo^ie ftoen gg thm or Vetrarire*' To thOmm&M$>® Tillage Imti reeds frtm tbe » - " rill - emmoil at ^is ueeelly eon«ide-o s^it^ere lon> ei nfmlly* - mmt® vote - ry ;ropes J, 1 ^ Meit of ^^ fim ^ tiugla a Pew** to >t« of |if tart prsTtll, ^ Sot w&s their orator:/ but their 51U , jetg<et * gpj 0it«? pr ^ • nglisa ^wori^l Soaoerfiir^ tlie lr0qn&U«»«in the Frovxn-^ of Yerk**am#* the Ilirt*^ ef the State ef fortes % s.B^O ^ai^hair^^r IS,diplomacy was distinguished by tact and wisdom. The military power of the warriors of the tribe was subordinated to the civil power of the sachems. Officially, the League was one of peace^and war was outlawed. The sachem was committed to this policy, and had to resign his position if he fought. The military chiefs were chosen by the CO warriors, and though respected for their prowess and thus for their opinions thev were sometimes reminded that the sachems were superior in civil affairs.^9 Writers agree that the Iroquois rose in power and influence markedly after the formation of the League. The League reached its height at the end of the seventeenth century and the beginning of the eighteenth century. The Nations dominated by force most of the watershed of the Great Lakes: "Never very numerous, they reached their commanding position by an incisive and unexcelled diplomacy, by an effective political organization founded on maternal v blood relationships, both real and fictictious, and by an aptitude for coordinate political action, all due to a mentalitv superior to that of the surrounding tribes."60 When the Dutch were in New York (1615-1664)^the Iroquois were near ing their height, they held a position of authority. There was a friendly feeling between the Dutch .and the Iroouois, the Indians supplying fur to the Dutch in return for fabrics and firearms.. The two groups traded at Fort Orange, now Albany. The series of conquests. 58. Parker, "Human Occupants,", loc sit., p. 28. 59. Stone, ........Times.....-al^S-a^gc - ye-wa t- ha. c* Red Jacket, p. 2317 Cornplanter was" toTd7~at the lf94 treaty at Canandaigua that he was only a warrior, not a civil ruler. 60. Hewitt, J. N. B. "Iroquoian Cosmology," Bureau of American Ethnology, Twenty First Annual Report, 1899-1900, Washington, 1903, p. 133. 61. Morgan, op. cit., I, 9 16.-■I; , ' ,-.<ly s^rvis \ ;v v o * it fchi s pericr - ; ' by 1650 .me Bgrtm s* ztlmmnt tmm,im>&§ after a -r! ftfct&e*** % MM tb SFentral* Srie fcllW " iS ? ^ef^takU tribes wm liwritl^ tB1 mrtf o 3 b? t* ? Ire refAtt*** their lasses• fti# tNiteh profited by the friendship of Irequeds mi wmrrn If; t-e Bagl* to tifamt t*m pro*** ewn na - imw t&^t* iron! ^Tro^neis1® tw^Mtroeid to 1 * erne of terror to w » Slsperse nr mh^mgntm^ about 1670, ana lars* territory lit 0fti**<*& tmV^m Vf tT 0 Is&<nat$£0% the Illinois < in %hc ; 1'f0 % in 1720 i^kmr^i 64 uVsItteS to ' * fmmr of the Ctatf* ■ By I TOO the FifH Battens hmA svbdiae nr/J • 13 ir no ImI subjection 11 th* p^i^eiIndian Katians ir* present fork* Femisjlwsi^* J^ Dol^-cre* 8*ryls.nd» fart of Ytrgini*, Ohio* Indiana » Ytehlgt * KentttfAy* Mrfchern ^witstf^ fmrt 65 of HHmet s* p-tri of He; Sngland* and the mmi -botio of CtemtJa* ISe a . lish colonial author!tin? o i -isortanee of Iro*tt«l < frli? sMp, wid r ny efforts to ^riti muS retain their fitff^ Throng** p a «tt'- nrnl ew^stist of ■ friendship trsfcrefam* and ec . - r the t *fin ' ? ^ ot) miy questions of ^blSe mfffcltnu f"" itch tr^eoMpreKilsing and i ^h^rnK^ mr^ltz- r { Im^f^m* f^^ Prmnmh ^rie a polioy of « " r; Ice, r11*, W?4| j£Q# slt»» pp. a it ? 1# S4<i Xro^b t r sit r y p® 5S® 2# m* ThU»$ m* TSf^r^ i# 15-^1 Ifl«tti*l^tl©B rattier tha*» frtw*sfhip* ?h» rial* fu tftlf mi «t et&ke* the pee«ee*l*tt3 on X*lce tlm St* Uirr^nm ^^Tvr s® preteotfe** the eHiptteafe of mini tHe Xreqsele ir^^rBrlttent ra iHe gro n7n this I-^ism Leegue* . ^t^t efelefly the fi «*1 ave^.Vorw of her • :ni flee fit a&He&ee of s©Ionization 1b the north rn part of k^mrlm ^ u thus E^a XrtiMgM&s feme ' m ml.mble buffer territory* the *> fNtaee froet 1760 to the ti © of the tearl^B "R- Toliitlcm* Twe Six %ti0Bt a premie* to th-a Sri tl fit in Ctaefa an^B the aoloniitsi as the *f^e*ehed« efuftt gre-p re*-tinmA f^-s Importance of tMi group of Xndien* end m^a matrons Of efffc t to %ir -nlr elt^iTh** Vv mm n^^rm^hmM the through the blandly Steat&ridg* Xix)l*ne, aui m the mA Hrfcland to. s the eaosj* nfeere Ha lTt 1*775 a of I^-itii pla-fwt their netttnrfltgp s. meting at Alh&i^r* British offort > *er** got tig o**# 1b 1775 Colonel Guy £ tenses £ t^rm of the to Csrtwuku The Sentimental tv>e Xr*?He» to fea memtrml* r-e 3 ItiA urge thei* to fl ht» X* Jiusutry, 1TTT thm ®,nmi.*mt eouaeil fire %t 'a ms extinguishedi tfee I^a^ue eovel^ not m,n& m TO hm\ ro part in tH# The Sitere ^per i t ^Hmwks and at ^Imt ^iTid 4 feit for ffti^^f e^u^tif ^lile tha O^eid^e ^nd fumnr&rmn trtm4 to 111,, I# 11, o?^ Vp* 149-154. ^o. cgTH^ l, it, ir-is. 18,In mm^ml tat may fmght m ttide* JIJi#iji lifi • " - - Brititli . 23G tli# tawtfm**^ ' #'f tJm IStfMf§.i Ifr* ft® 0#l#mistf mm %m a&ferStat* • silssifenry '-/v.:;. tfc* of Bmmmi ««« tsi fti^ting* ifi« ^mjuritj fl^ttnf #t# Brill^h mum mm «*t» 41gtt*»« item Th* 1778 lifliy 9^&mmrm ma «i minly %gr %%# Seme as, tilt wvte fa t^a imllny w*«i iC otfc«r 'bm*A®r frays tfcp to in**«jUm msii! o; tlm 1. "vv Cc«mtry **4»«» fl«I&9«a im D&* fawn* rmtted thm frm t%#i;r hmms mm£ wt th** in t# F^rt If*gar** ftllffif^-i h®m®n -mm r%dwd ffelia TH# XMIM* Mtt#i% m*r§ ^itfe ## of the Brltl^ ^gV* rwmims tMa ill cm eeleni^l fMtettag fhs 78 Belieliiirie Sil f^Heye* fto m&imwhllm mfft*r®4 r^r: s fr« fif^tin^ for i^e AaMrleane, fiwfci tantlag of their vitlagto -i r- British m^sS ft . " . * - ; : 1 : From 178© -1782 tfegjf llw - in mm* Select* dy er iilly in 4istrlotf in lf$t to 'tat w to filiilli «tt#m sM start life Ozmi&ag T*s«*r0r*« tori tmlt*- im Iff® for mttxml promotion mm mmtrmllty$ mm tm&h for thm Mmnrlmnu mm mwl4mom* W mm tsmmlnvlmimg if fsmr ffti op* 509^11 # ts* mi:, ^ tsi-si^ w John %omtim0 %# Que^tioBe the ^ ^ Ifetorieml Soeie^ Selle^lle^^ TV, <1798St, 77 captains and eight lieutenants among them. By the end of the War, all of the tribes had suffered^and desolation prevailed on the frontier. After the War, ,fthe political transactions of the League were substantially closed. This was, in effect, the termination of their political existence. The Mohawks had abandoned their country and n q moved to Canada where they were granted land. 17 They settled on the Grand River in present Ontario>and near Kingston further north. Joseph Brant was their outstanding war-chief ^ and his sentiments were strongly pro-British. This nation had been the keeper of the eastern door of the Long House and known for the warring abilities of its members. The Stockbridge Indians emigrated from Massachusetts about 1785 80 and founded New Stockbridge, New York^on land given them by the Oneidas* about fourteen miles south of present Utica. The Stockbridge are thus inluded in the New York Indians with whom Parrish was concerned. They were remnants of the Mohican Indians who had lived on the Upper Delaware and the Hudson Rivers until 1736vwhen they moved to present Stockbridge, Massachusetts. Many of them fought for the Americans during the Revolution. At about the same time that the Stockbridge Indians settled in New York, the 0 - e id as gave a tract o^Land twenty miles south of Oneida Lake to the Bothertoyfn Indians who moved there from their towns in 81 Connecticut and Narraganset. Their settlement was about eight miles below the Stockbridge, so these two groups and the Oneidas lived near to each other. 77. S tone,tiMmn Uete, Lie ifesgft a,, Mtiu ^K, \* 3 ^o k \ 78. Morgan, op. c it., I, ^7-26. Ibid., I, 28-29; Halsey, op. cit.,pp. 317-19. 80. Kirkland, loc. sit., p. 69s Stone, Brant, op. cit., I, 56-58; "Stockbridge1', Encyclopa? dia Britannica, 14th edition, XXI, 418 # 81. Kirkland, loc. sit., pp. 67-68. 20Another group of Indiams lived in Mew York Stat#ymd are mentioned in sOTer&l of the letters below, hut never allied with the Six lationss the Saint Regis* They were m Iroquoiaa tribe from Quebec mho settled, in 1760,in a Tillage now partly in Franklin County, lei? fork and partly in comes from a Jesuit mission founded anion em, Saint Francis Regis* They were neutral during the Revolution, but were divided in the War of 1812* A great number of them have long been Roman Catholics* There is a wide variety of opinion concerning the numbers of the Iroquois tribes at different periods. There is agreement that the Seneeas were the largest group at the time of the European, discovery and have remained IIS so. Two writers state that the League,from the time of its formation to the American Revolution;probably never numbered over 15,000 members.8^ Parkman is quoted as saying that it was only 10,000 to 12,000 at its height*85 A report for 1796 shows the total slightly below 4,000 f6 am official return of Parrish in 1818 gives 4,575; blend the total in an 1825 report is just over 5,000.88 The Mohawks were in Canada by 1796,as ware most of the Cayugas who felt the pressure of the white population, the numbers of the tribes by the 1796 and 1825 estimates respectively were: Seneeas, 1780, 2325 f Oneidas, 628, 1096* Onondagas, 450, 446j Cayugas, 40,90* Tuscaroras, 400, 253j Stoekhridge, 300, 273? and Brotherton, 150, 360. 82. *Saint Regie/ "Saint Regis Indians/ The Encyclopedia Americana, lew fork, 1937, XXI?, 167-68. - -—- 83. StomJgStTfcKAoB* olt., 105. 84. Halgey, op. cit*, pp. 15-16; Morgan, op* cit*, II, 26-28, section by editor Herbert" M*. Lloyd. 85. Morgan, op. cit*, II, £26-28, section by Lloyd. 88. Belknap, Jeramy and Morse, Jedidiah, "Report of a Committee who fisited the Oneida and Mohekunuh Indians in 1796," Massachusetts Historical Soe ?ety Collections, ? (1798), 23. — --- 87 * to the Secretary of War of the United States, on Indian Affairs * * 71820, " lew"'gaVea/......1 83. s» TSTdXan Affairs, 0£* cit., II, §4§. the province of Quebec. They speak the Sohawk language ) 82 Their nam 21*These numbers are contestable,but they give a rough idea of ,the . relative sizes of the groups* The role of the Iroquois in the early history of present United 89 States was very important* They were a decisive factor in the withdrawal of. the French' from the region east of the Mississippi,and in saving the territory for the English* Moreover, their resistance to the penetration of Europeans hemmed in the American col&nists against the Atlantic seaboard.which was a basis for unity among the settlements. 89* Parker, Human Occupanta» loc« sit,, ' pp* ■ 48-46* 22111. In considering the history of the Six fat ions of Indians there has been only brief mention of the American government policy which must be understood to appreciate later ©Teats* ^The Indian - problem was not new * • * the tribes were in possession of valuable land, their trade was th? cause of much rivalry, and their warlike abilities SO made them very formidable* From 1775 on, the colonies tried in many ways to gain th** friendship of the Six I at ions* In June of that year at the suggestion of the lew York Provincial Congress, the Continental Congress took the initial' steps to establish a continental Indian Department Three Indian Departments were set up, Horthern, Middle, end Southern* The * chief aim of the Continental Congress during the first year of the war was to maintain the neutrality of the Indian tribes** In the late summer Congress sent a message to the Iroquois explaining . the disagreement between the colonies and the English, and strongly urging neutrality* In June 1776, Washington was 2.d%ov\ Zed. "to> onfWt^ Indians 92 in fighting whenever it was deemed necessary* Some Oneidas, Tuscaroras, and Stockbridges did fight for the colonies* Prom 177© to 1779, Indian affairs were in charge of a Congressional Standing Committee which had changing personnel* ' In the latter year the duties were transferred to fee Board of War* In 1777 end 1778, Congress appropriated #10,000 to be used in the lorthern Department for goods to preserve peace and for goods to open trade with the friendly Indians of the Six lations*9® Attempts were made with little success to carry on trade at Albany and Schenectady where trade had started three years before, and at Port Stanwix* 90* lohr, Walter Harrison, Federal Indian Relations 1774 to 1788, Philadelphia, 1953, p. YZ ' 91* Ibid*, pp* 28-35* 92* Ibid*, pp* 38-41* 93* Ibid*, pp* 180,'184* 23The influence of Brunt and the British officers was great in winning many of the Iroquois to the British side; it was very natural that the Indians should fight for the ling with whose people they had always had friendly relations* Their friendship was vital to the English fur trade. the Sullivan invasion of 1773 covered the Lake region west to the Senesee liver and the instructions of Washington were oarried out that there should 94 be no pesos until the Indians were severely chastised. That winter the Six fattune were dependent on the English for supplies, and there was much suffering. When the Articles of Confederation went into effect in 1781 tho ninth article gmve the United States the power to regulate trade and manage the affairs of Indians and denied the power to the members of a state.95 this provision did recognise the legislative power of the states. In 1781 Congress established the principal of pre-emption later expounded In a Supreme Court deo is ion: that European nations who discovered land had the privilege of extinguishing the Indian title to it, and that individual bargains with Indians were null and void.96 the Six fattens were not mentioned in the 1785 Treaty of Peace* Their fate wis undecided. The legislature of lew fork seriously considered expelling the Indians from the State; border attacks and cruelties had 97 been too frequent* The Indians made peace overtures to one of the Commissioners of the lorthem department. General Sehiayler, in 1783, but he was hampered by the lack of any Congressional policy.98 Se was opposed to my continuance of the war in m effort to drive the Indians 94. lbid.# pp. 7980* 95. Ibid*, pg. 178-77. 96* IgMe, fp.lfi2. 97. ¥€one# led Jacket, op, cit., pp. 127-28. 98. Mohr, opm Vit», i>p* 24.beyond the country*s borders! it would be expensive and also ruinous to the fur trade. ®#org# Washington agreed with Schuyler" and outlined the bases of a peace treaty* " the surrender of all prisoners, lie announcement that Indian territories had been ceded to the United States by England hut the United States intended to be kind and not expel, the., tribes, the establishment of a boundary between lands of the whites and of the Indiana, opposition to any continued hostilities, the purchase of lands from the Indians as westward expansion compelled'the Indians to retire, the service of Indian agents who would interest themselves in the welfare of the public, and government control of Indian trading* These principles were the foundation of the treaty at Fort Stanwix concluded in October, 1794 with fee Six I at ions who were received under 100 the protection of the United States. Peace'' was made with the Senecas, Sayugas, Mohawks, and Onondagas and provisions made for the release of their captives while the Tuscaror&s and One id as were assured of all their land im lew York State. T^e Six Hations gave up all of their land west of the state of lew York according to a definitely outlined boundary and were secured in the possession of the rest of the land. the Indian tribes were considered by the United States as independent nations and powers, and ,the government therefore made all formal agreements 101 by treaty. This continued until 1871 when a Congressional act made Indian, laws possible and the government ceased to recognise the Indian tribes as separate nations* Some of the Six 1 tions were dissatisfied with this treaty and. many with 102 the Congressional authority* This unrest was fostered by the influence JMi*» PP* lOO-Oli "iprgan, "op.'"c Itlill isi-isl ~ ~ ~ 100. lappler, oy. c it., II, 5-6. 103u lbMl» I, v, Preface to the Second Edition. 102. Ifohr, op. cit., pp. 118-20. 2§*of tho British who wore anxious to keep Iroquoiaa friendship and to atonopoliss® the fur trade* In 1786; the plan for the supervision of the Indians was altered: two departments were set up* the Southern m4 the lorthern, with a superintendent heading each department and living near the district* the superintendents were responsible to the Secreatary of War*103 Indian trade was under the superintendent and licenses were required for all traders* During 1788 there were several conferences and councils among the Indians at which they expressed their dissatisfaction with the Stanwix treaty*104 But the United States government continued its efforts, m& the Mohawk Brant realized by 1788 that the Iroquois were really deserting the British, he wrote* * As for the Five I at ions, most of them have sold themselves to the Devil - I mean the Tjjnkeys * * * m The new government in 1789 had the same responsibility in regard to 1 AC the Indians as formerly existed under the Confederation* The management of affairs was Secretary of War Henry Knox who had been in control of Indian policy since 1786* In 1789 the United States concluded another treaty with the Six Sations at Fort H&rmar*106 It renewed and confirmed 11 all the engagements and stipulations11 entered into at Fort Stanwix and again outlined the western boundary and the Stanwix provisions.* The Mohawks were excluded from this treaty as none was present* A separate article was included providing for the punishment of murder according to the laws of the state or territory, for th© restoration of stolen horses, and for the surrender of individuals accused of murder or horse thieving* 10l*~ XbIdT,~ pp *"1Q6~07 * ~ PP* 122-23, 131* 105. "TEE3T*, f* 201 • 108* Tappier, op. oit«f II, 23-25. 26This is the background of government polioy for the letters and 4mwmmtB below. It is interesting to note that Washington1 s outline of Indian polioy included the purchase of Indian land® when westward expansion compelled the Indians to retire, The giving up of land in the Port Stantrix treaty was merely the first of a long series of treaties and land agreements among tribes of the Six fattens and lew York or individuals; the result being the concentration of the Indians on more and more limited tracts of lsnd> and the removal of some of the Indians to other districts of the limited States* fhe question of the move of the Iroquois to western United States was seriously considered as early m 1815 107 and mm,f plans proposed* the<®ff rts of the Ogden land. Company* owners of the pre-emption rights, were persistent and forceful, fhe Senee&s were opposed, to parting with their land and bee me more so as efforts continued• Many of the Brotherton and Stockbridge Indiana emigrated to Green Bay, Wisconsin about 1830. The Mohawks had left lew York during the levolutioni the Csyugas were dispersed by 1801, some staying with the Seneoas in lew York State, others going to Canada, and some later to freen Bay, Sandusky, and on to the Indian Territory*108 Some of the Oneidas settled along the River Thame® in Canada, a larger group making its way to Green Bay, and a small group remaining around the Oneida 109 Castle. Ono&dagaa sold most of their land to lew York State, some went to Srand liver, Canada, a few West, soma lived with the 8 ©nee as, md a mmber stayed at Onondaga.110 The Senecms .remained firm and defied the Treaty of 1838 which was of doubtful legality. By sub^quent treaties 107. Abel, Annie Heloise, *The History of Events Resulting in Indian 108. Morgan,......opTcit.. I, 29-30. 109. Ibid.. 1, 110. Ibid., I, «6-29. 27.the $mmm retained their re serration® at C attar agns Creek and Allegany liver* A survey at the beginning of this century showed the Senecas situated on their two reservations and administering their affairs under a written constitution approved by the Mew York legislature*111 The Tonawanda Se&eoas on part of their• original reserve, the Tusoaroras on thiir reservation, the Onoadagas on a small tract at Onondaga, and the Saint iegis Indians at their settlement in Canada and the United States-were all living under their tribal governments subject to statues of lew York State* Their chief occupation was farming* Their nvmb®r® in lew York State in 1930 were almost 7,000*il2 The problem of land ownership is a theme running through many of the Parrish papers* It is interesting to contrast a map of the Indian Country in lew fork in 1788 and in 1890* The following documents,' which were in the possession of Jasper Parrish and in which he figures, range from 1790 to 1831, a period significant in the life of the Indians of the Six Sat ions and important in the development of the United States* llll Ipfd stkesfsweafof Population HI, part 2, p* 259, fable 2* A .....\ ■ 28t#latiom& betwe#n the Indians and the United States were strained at the time of the first letter in this group, 1790.1 War was raging on the frontier settlements of Pennisylvania and Virginia* the Indians of the Great Lakes region, advised by the British, were gathering to the fighting with the determination thetthe Ohio liver should font the ultimate boundary between the United States and the Indian country#11 The Senecas were sympathetic with the Western Indians, the general sentiment among the Seneca nation was ** rather hostile i threatening, in fact, open and general hostilities/1 Added to this cause of unrest was the murder of two Senecas by -white Pennsylvania border men* The United States government disavowed the act* This is the prelude to the national government inviting the Indians to a conference at Tioga Point, a village on the Susquehanna liver at the present site of Athens, Bradford County, Pennsylvania* Tioga was the -southern gateway to the Iroquois country where all important war-paths and hunting trails centered from the south and southwest•2 Here united the trails along the Susquehanna and Chemung Rivers* Tioga was the central meeting point for all Indians who journeyed, southward.*5 The following letter was written to Jasper Parrish by Colonel Timothy Pickering^from Tioga Point where the Indians were expected to convene* It was the custom in Indian councils or treaties to give presents and provisions which was probably the reason for this letter* Pickering complied with the Indians demands for provisions in m effort to start the council. 1* Stone, Red Jacket, oa» pit*, pp. 1380401 Heads of Families at the First Census, op* cftT7 fr7eiiiylvania®, map of 17907* 2* Btxlge, Pre?eFfcF Webb|§ Handbook of American Indians forth of Mexico, Washington, 1907-10, II, ftiiS. ~ ™ ' ---- S* Halsey, op. cit., ItodO* 4* PickeringTW^S-1829) was born in Salem, M&-s* He was a lawyer, a merchant, a government official, and a prominent Federalist* After an active part in the ^evolution and Philadelphia business activities, he ma his family moved to the Wyoming ¥ alley and, at the request of the Pennsylvania gov rn-msnt, he organised the district into Lug erne County, Pa* He was Secretary of War for a short time in 1795, then of State until 1800* fie later returned to Mass* and continued his Federalist leadership and EepublLeast opposition* lobinson, William A*/*Timothy Pickering,® Diction try of an- tor loan BtPrratfa. adlted br Dumas m^lona, Tn.w imu.-ttyT mb-mii.1 Timothy Picketing Letter to Parrish about the Tioga Point Meeting fioga Point Oct* 30. 1790. Sir, I hwe received a message from the Indians. They are on their way* They desire that at the Painted PostS and Jewtowa Point6 they may be supplied with provisions. As they will depend on such supply, and it may induce them to hasten their journey, I have agreed to furnish it. Captain loss goes forward for that purpose. With him are two of the Runners who arrived her© last evening from the Seneca I at ion • They are to return k meet the body of Indians, to inform them that provisions will be furnished at' those places, agreeably to their request. At the earnest desire of two of the Simmers who are Chiefs, I have written a letter to che Indians which captain 'loss will hand to youj end I request you to accompany the Runner to interpret the letter to them. Jls you can well interpret, they will have no pretense for sending for Jones,7@nd thus delay their Journey. I desire you to urge them forward as fast m possible♦ v I ami Sir, your friend, (Signed) timothy Picturing Mr. Jasper Parish 30.$. Painted Post was m Indian village on the Tioga liver 11 where a striped post marked the junction of the Indian trails** frequented by Indians traveling from all directions. flA huge poet painted in a frataatic maimer to represent an enemy stood in the open. Vhea war parties halted at the camp they usually held brag dances about the post. Any one could brag and dame, after making a small present to the 'master of ceremonies1, usually the head warrior. The proceeds were a benefit for ttieWbole party.® The post was made of oak and tradition holds that it is m ancient monument commemorating the death of a famous war chief. As one post decayed, it was replaced with another, fhe name of the war-chief was lost* The Painted Post was a name applied by the whites to a township in .present Steuben County, lew York. The site of the post itself is at Brwin while the village of the Painted Post nearby took its . name from the township. Spafford, Horatio Sates, A Gazetteer of the State of Mew-York, Albany, 1813, pp. 268-Sff llggins, Ruth L*, ExpmsionwlBTew^York, Shfo State University Studies, Columbus, 1931, p. 125; Stone, "ledTCket, op* eit.< p. ISlnj Sarris, loe sit., fp. 404-4*, Horatio Jones related the story of the Post and the brag dances to Orlando Alien* 6. . lewtown Point is a village on the Chemung River near present Elmira, Chemung County, Sew York. 7. Horatio Jones (1763-1836) was a white man captured by the Seneeas during the Revolution., adopted by them, andlater made a chief, le served as interpreter on many important occasions for Seneca councils and negotiations with the United States. ®lfo -white man ever more closely allied himself with the Seneeas.* He notified the Seneeas of the treaty to be held at Tioga Point, but was not called on to interpret there. A letter to Timothy Pickuring on October 24, 1790 makes claim for payment for his services in spreading the word to the Seneeas. The Pickering papers in the Massachusetts Historical Society reveal that Pickering lacked confidence in Jones, but his opinion of him as an 11 unprincipled fellow* is not substantiated by fact. Jones served as an interpreter for Colonel Proctor on his trip through the Indian country and his name is often mentioned as an interpreter and a per son of great influence in this period. His marvelous physique made him able to excel the Indians in sports and running* Jones mastered their language and customs, and he obtained their entire confidence and their great esteem. He married a white prisoner, Sally IMtmore, and they lived on Seneca Lake where Jones was a fur trader. For a complete and fascinating account of this pioneer's life, see Harris, loc. sit., pp. 383-514. 31.In the council held at fMm *oiatj Pickering explained the Songressional Act of July 22* 1790 for regulating trade and intercourse ..'with me- Indians"and expressed the fatherly oar© of the United States for ,tfe:# Indiana* ' the Act provided that every person trading with the Indiana ■ hafl/.to obtain' a license from the government* that crimes of inhabitants of. the Suited States against peaceable and friendly Indians were punlshabl e .the same manner as if the ■ vietii&s were ifhites* that a sale of land by Indians was valid only if it were executed at a public trl^held under the authority of /the United States*V In 1791 Pickering was again chosen Cosimlssion^r and instructed to hold a treaty ^ith the leaders of the Six »*f|oma of Indians* He was 11 repeatedly assigned on missions to the Indians iurtitl gj|| mt few years, his temperament and sympathies making him m 'I^iiraMe. negotiator*11'2 The purpose of the meeting* in the words of Secretary of War Knox* was 11 to conciliate the said Indians, and attach them to the Inited States| to prevent them listening to, or being combined with* the Western hostile Indians * * * to draw them to a greater distance from the theatre of : war, and &t a critical period to hold out an object of employment for the minds of their young men, plighting for the United States against the Western I&dianf! lite are with difficulty restrained from indulging their ruling passion for war*11 $ l* ,?f compiled by Joseph tales* Washington! ISM* JlriFlogrII* Appendix* 23Gl~03i American State VMtr* 2# tohinson* loo sit** p. S6«* The hostile Westera Indians isere th© Miami and the Wabash and some Shawanese and Cherokees. the 1789 Fort Haraar Treaty with several f; V - - »t include the U\mi and Wabash as they ignored their inTttatioa Violence and depredations*** American SSIIZdf 8 continued unabated. When atteapts to adjust diffWces ZZ I t" waf The United States met two defeats, in 1790 under Brigadier General Haraar and im 1791 iwder Major Seneral St. Clair. It was not until 1794 that the hostile w®re s«b???d ^ ^ m&er the leadership of general ffort8 ** t}le territory and fought the tribes. tJ!?II 1 f treaty made P®a®« ^ th® Xadians surrendered claims to territory as far west as the Wabash liver and exchanged captive*.' Ibid., I# 197f. Knox's report of December 26, 1791; Sohouler, James, History of the United States of America, New York, 1908, I, 296-97. 3 a.. hbTh© CmmiB&ivm&r chose the Painted Post as a suitable place for ■the. treaty @md prepared a speech inviting the Six I&tioms to assemble l|| expl&iBlag the purpose of the meeting*. He despatched the speech, .to ©eneral Israel ehapim^ md Joseph Smithf m interpreter., for coMinnicatiom to' the lmi,lmn* As Pickert% was uncert&imthe message would reach Smith, and. he wished the Indians to be informed of its contents* he summoned Jasper Parrish to his home at Wyoming* Pennsylvania to receive a copy of the speech and to spread the invitation among the Six latic^is*:.. Th# letter of April 18* 1791 from Timothy Pickering to Jasper PRrri$h outlines the Commissioner* s plans* 4* Gemer&l Chapin (1740 or 1741 - 1795) was born at Hatfield* Massachusetts. Se nm& a colonel and then a br ad ier-general in the 8evolution. So wait to e.aaandaigua, lew York* in 178S and in April, 1792 mm appointed a "deputy temporary agent to the Five latlcms of Indiana* until further directions*at the rate of five hundred dollars per H® l«tf#r hoc are the General Agent for United States Indian Affairs and died in 1795. le was succeeded by his son* Captain Isr&ol ttaplft* it Chn » ^fof1 s^atg,!agerf> *g;.....eit»* 2sii . xS#Cmi! Tl?^* "Historic Wampum*" 3feffalo fllstorlcal Soclsty Publlcitions S* Joseph Smith was a Alto mint captured at Cherry ?alloy who often served; as an interpreter* Ee net Horatio Jones around 1780* this was the beg inning of a long frieniship* Be md his wife settled near tho Jones family on Seneca Lake* Jones md Smith' were partners in trading for a «hUe. Harris* loc* sit** pp* 422-23* passim* 33.11 Piokering to Parrish About the Painted Post Treaty* Wilkesbarre April isfh 1791* Sir, 1 am to hold another treaty with the Six lations* 1 have proposed to hold It at the Painted Post on the 15th of next June® f©morrow 1 6 shall send off an express to Can ad an qui, -to General Chapim and Joseph-Smith, with a speech to b© communicated to all the Six I at ions, inviting them to the treaty* But it is possible Smith may be absent, and nothing mora be don© than to make the Indians understand that I am to hold a treaty with them as abons mentioned• Therefore I wish you to com® to Wyoming by the- first of May at farthest, by which time I shall return from Philadelphia* I shall then give you say speech to carry first to the Indian© at Seneseo k at Buff aloe Creek,7 and then to the Mohawks f and you must either go (if there be time) or get the Chiefs to send runners to the other four nations, to invite the Sachem 8 Chiefs and Warriors to attend* Mir present idea is, that you will be in the Indian Country till the time of the treaty, and bring the Indians along with you* The business is important! and I trust you, will let nothing prevent your engaging in it* I am your friend & servant (Signed) timothy Pickering* Mr* Jasper Parish®6® Sanadanqui is a variation of Canandaigua, an importapU.Seneca village arid now a city in Ontario County, New York* " V 7* The Indians at Geneseo and Buffalo© Greek were both Senecas. Geneseo was near the present town of the same name in Livingston County, New York* Buffalo Creek runs into Lake Erie at the site of Buffalo; an important Seneca village was located about four miles from the mouth of the Creek* Residing there were Young King, the Farmer1 s Brother, and Red Jacket, and centering there were many important events in Indian life* Hodge, op* cit*, I, 489; Harris, loc* sit*, p* 437; Amer ic an State Papers, Indian Affairs, op* cit*, I, 155, Proctor's Journal"" ToFTpril 27, 1791* 8* Fifty permanent sachemships were established at the beginning of the League, the title ajid office were hereditary* Morgan, op* cit*, I, 59* 35".fmrtl«h was presented with instructions by Pickering 0m lay 9, 1791* A was enclosed of Idhs speech to Six fat ions already sent to Chapin and Smith.' these two mm had received the speech and invited the Indians, as a lay 7# If91 Buffalo Creek entry revealst1 ' v 'Sft&th. arrived'-this day frem^Semeaee, ; f5|||! - with: & message from Col* ,f intimating yto ' 2®/' Six'fftioiis that he had received presents . 1 ' > .. , -Smm %!mt Suited States,- 4«#iriag their ■ , the fainted Post, on the fi^ga 'fetartr* on the imM^ii " " , tee next*11" ' ' ? 1 ^ Ait-vlaportant fart of* the government's flan to eeneiliaie -toe h&iSlle as the mission of peace of Colonel fhomas Proctor^ accompanied by Ir^Unn of friscdly tribes, mentioned below as a possible deterrent to the Seneca chief Compl enter3 and other chiefs from attending , the ' -trf«ty the Painted Post* ' Colonel Procter had a message from the !!SI t* gtate Wmmn* Indian Affairs, op. cit*, 1# l§S*The Sarrative ■ fhomas Procter* ' 2. (17S»-1806) was bom in Ireland and emigrated to.tiis Piiiftf States and to Philadelphia*; A Colonel in the tevelnti War, he resigned his post in 1781. Proctor was active in Philadelphia as high sheriff and city lieutenant. In 1791 he was made a commissioner ^ treat with the Miami Indians. Later he became Major-General of the droops of Philadelphia. * fhomas Proctor* , Apftl e ton * s Cyclopedia of IjoRraphy,, edited by James Srant HfMioii and John fiskt, fork, 3* Cornplanter was a prominent Seneca chief born in the 1730* s, the son of W&'wMite trader <?ohn G*®ail and a full-blooded Seneca*'' He was often" called Captain ©*8ail, O'Beel, or deal, as well as ;.,:partioipattd in many important treaties and signed many of the resulting agreements, including Fort Stanwiic, 1784, Port larmar, 1789, Camaniaigue, Big free, 1797, and an 1802 Buffalo Creek sale of land* the of land in these treaties made Coraplanter unpopular wi^M; of his own people* In the Big free treaty,' he was paid JSOS'I^ premised an annuity of #250 by the representatives of Robert Morris* In 1823 he visited Washington B.C. with two other chiefs to present complaints which were handled by Secretary of W^r John 0* Calhoun* the ffeited States -trusted him as a 1791 letter from Secretary to Piefcerteg revealst 11 fhe C^mplanter may be deputed ^mmi-tmrnmh all the change of policy, we must cultivate and elevate him 1 * * the Is our friend from the solid'ties of interest*11 &r,®m of about JSI&-. him relinquish Ms title as^cillf ' although he always Md a voice at the councils until his death in ItSS* (Cobtinned next pa^e) 34;government warning the Kimi and Wabash Indiana of the power of the United States and Inviting them to a treaty at Port Washington to make pea.ee and adjust differences*4 tfhen mm fifty Seneca chiefs including Cornplanter were in Philadelphia to December 1790 to lay th© grievances of their people before George Washington, the question of th© Western Indians was discussed*5 The President impressed upon them the government1 $ friendly spirit to all Indians who desired peace and explained to them that the coercion of the hostile groups was necessary for the protection of the frontier settlers* The Indians - Cornplanter mong thm, promised in a men sage to Washington to go to the Western Indians to prevent their .further hostilities* M'We * . * will set out very early, and shew to them what yon have done for us, which must convince them , that yon will do for' thmn every thing which they ought to ask* We think they will hear and follow our advice.* 3*{continued.} At the time of his dream he burned all of his gifts from the whites including ones from Washington, Adams, end Jefferson* His influence among the Indians was great and he was highly respected* Be lived at what is nailed Cornpl eater * $ settlement near the Alleghany River* Hodge, op, cit*, 1, 349*50; Morgan, op» cit», I, 205-06, II, 233f American State F^pers, Indian Affairsf op* cit*, I, 167, Knox to Buffalo Historical Society Publications, XXTIIX (1924), 19S-9§| f appler^ op« clt«, ll,"'pass&T™^'' Parrish'papers, see in this series la, Cornplanter signed deed of land to Mary Jemison, 17 9? f 31 and Cornplanter signed 11521 and 1826 receipts, and ^fct, Cornplanter mong chiefs addressed by falhoun, 1823• 4* American State Papers» Indian Affairs, op* cit*, I, 146, Instructions ^o ioionel 'Proctor' oF March 11, tT§T'~trlm Secretary Knox. Port Washington was a military post on the north bank of the Ohio liveri around this fort was laid out the present city of Cincinnati in 1789* Sreve, Charles Theodore, Cincinnati111., Sncyc 1 opm dia Britmmica, 14th edition, ?, 711.* ' " ' 5* Amer ic an St ate Papers, Indian Affairs, op» cit*, I, lS9ff* Knox1 s report TaT Was^Ing^^ tow'longress anu&ry 11, 1792 and accompanying papers* 6* Ibid*, I, 145-44, Cornplanter and other chiefs to Washington, Philadelphia, January 10, 1791* 37.W&sltJiigttfi hoped that such a plea for peace from, one group of Indians 'to another be effective* Proctor was sent in larch 1791 to find. •Cornpl nmter end any other chiefs who were 1 ? v •;. to accompany him to the Miami villages* There were many eo spile at Ions and the mission wan never completed! the objections of the Six S|tions were finally overcome at a eouneil at Buffalo- Creek and chiefs were appointed to ^company Proctor. Completer was not among thm&f he remained to take charge of the yoro&g warriors and probably to keep peace among the nhole tribe*7 The British officer at Siagara, Colonel Gordon, refused germissioa to borrow a lake vessel for Lake Srie travel and no others were available* Thus the government* a message and the messages of the Six Iations were lever transmitted to the Miami and Wabash*® • This is the letter of instruction from T into thy Pickering to 4 aeper Parrieht M^y 17fl# fS®* - If- 150-89* # Stone believes this was an intentional move of the mrfzim to thwart the mission* Merle em State Papers, Indian Affairs* ,gg»- «*tv 1# 16W2* Proctor1 a narraiive of his travels? *5 Piekeriag Instroetlo&s to Parrish About Painted Post treaty. To Jasper Pariah^ Interpreter* Sir, 1 have informed you of the steps I have taken to assemble the S&ehems, Chiefs and Worriers of the Six Mations at a treaty I am to hold with them* by the authority of the United States, at the Painted Post, on the waters of Tioga river, fo confirm and enferoe the invitation, 1 have thought it expedient to repeat it* I therefore now hand you a copy of my message of the 17th of last month, to the Sachems, Chiefs and Warriors of the Six Hat ions, and a fresh message, referring to the former, and making some additional observations* Both these messages you are faithfully to interpret to the Indians, at all their castles 9 which you shall have time to visit. As to the other Indian settlements, you are to request the chiefs to send runners to them, to ecmnralft&te my messages, and urge them to come to the treaty# the If the chiefs of all the tribes attend, the treaty will be/more satisfactory to the Six Nations as well as to the United States* But mi exception is to be made in respect to the Cornplenter and any other chiefs who may have gone or are appointed to go with Colonel Procter, on his message of peace to the Western Indians. They are to perform that service is preference to attending the proposed treaty at the Painted Post* A sufficient Mi-nwgihBT of Saeh€ms# chiefs and 'warriors will remain behind t© represe&t the Six lotions at the treaty* You will use your eidesfows to hasten them forward, that the treaty may be opened by the 15th of JFtffte I enquired at Philadelphia for belts and strings of wampumf but could hear of none * The custom ©f whit© people is to send messages and speeches on paper* This 1 explained to the Indians at Tiog&i k they mere satisfied with that mode of negotiation* Of my second massage I give you a duplicate, to le&re* when interpreted, with the Greet Chiefs of the Seneca Mutton® They will know my hand and seal affixed to it, and eoeept it in lieu of a belt* Use all diligence to accomplish the business with -which you are now entrustedj and write me an account of your proceeding as often as opportunities shall present* Your friend (Signed) Timothy Pickering* Wyoming May 9, 1791* 40.11 Their so-called castles were solid log structures, with platforms running around the top on the inside, from which stomas and other • missiles could be hurled down upon, beseigers**1 lodge, op* pit*, 1*617* Wsmpim was a shell used as money and as decoration* The reference here is to belts of wmm^mm which were a means of ication mwng 'the tribes of the Iroquois for important messages* The runner delivered the belt that had a unique arrangement of different colored beads. .' describing or picturing the message* A wampum belt was the usual method of calling a council meeting, the day, the places and the purpose of the meeting suggested by the beads* Unable to find wasnpuit, Pickering sent his message by paper* Wampum was also used to record treaties, mi the symbols were memorised. Morgan, op* pit*, II, 244-45* il.fhe speech of April 17, 1791 below is the one already mentioned which was first sent to Chap in and Smith, and then a copy given to Parrish with his instructions-to insure its delivery to the Six Mat ions. 4a.4* Message from f imothy Pickering to The Six latioBB April 17, 1791,, Brothers, Sachems, Chiefs and Warriors of the Six l&tions* When I took yon hy the hand, last Pall, at f ioga, the chain ^ of friendship ^ras brightened between you and the United St ate si and yon expressed yoiar wishes to keep it always bright* On the part of the United States, 1 assured you of their regard for you, and their desire to maintain with you perpetual peace and friendship® To renew those assurances, and.again to brighten the ohain# and to ramose all causes of jealousies and discontents, 1 am desired once more to meet you, at such time and place a.® should appear to me most convenient* 1 therefore now propose the Fainted Post as a proper place of meetingi and as it is important that the treaty be held as scorn as possible, I propose that we should meet together at that place, by the 18th of J^ne next® That time m& place 1 hope will be convenient and agreeable to youi and I shall vlbb my eniesrrenr that everything else shall give you satisfaction® BrotherTon will naturally ask for what special purpose yon are called to attend this Council Fire? - Brothers, 1 will be open and tell you* For at the Council Fire which 1 kindled at Tioga, in the name of our ireat Chief, General Washington, & of the United States, I assured yon that in all my conduct you should find me open and sincere* Without sincerity, how can friendship be preferred? Brothers, Ton know that some of the Western Indians ha¥@ 43.lifted up the hatchet end struck many citizens of the United States* You told ma that the Shawano s# ^ had invited you to join them in a war against the Halted States! hut that you had refused to join them* And you gsir§ strong reasons for your refusal* You said that we sit side by side* and ought t© lire in peace* That you wished to keep the path betwen us open and clear* that you might pass sad repaee unhurt| and that you desired to be at peace with the United States* that your women & children might ho in safety* Brothers* I was equally pleased with your determination^ and with the reasons on which it was founded* Th® same reasons must still influence -you to hold fast your determination of maintaining peace with the United States* Some had men* however* enemies of the United States* may again endeavour to persuade pou to engage in war * and by misrepresentations and lies* prevail on some, contrary to their own interest and the interest of the Six Nations* low, Brothers* I am to kindle the proposed Council Fire at the Painted Post* to give/?resh assurances of the good-will of the United States* of their desire to make the chain of friendship with you still brighter & to keep it always bright; ana to show you th&t the war with the Western Indians, is* on the part of the United States* not a wof choice* not of oppression* not of injustice! but of necessity, to defend our frontiers* md save th© settlers from destruction* Brothers, According to the usual pi&c+iee in treaties with Indians, the- proposed treaty will he concluded with a present of goods* Brothers, 1 received great pleasure is the treaty held with you la&t fall at fiogai amd the manner in which it was conducted was entirely approved by the &reat Chief of the United States.* I hope and believa that the intended treaty will be equally pleasing* and give equal satisfaction to our Great Chief* Given under ay hand and seal at Wyoming in the (SEAL) State cf Pennsylvanie, the seventeenth day of April 1791* VK (Signed) Timothy Pickering*The Shawanoso were migratory Indians who lived at various times in several parts of the United States. Some were with the hostile . Indians on the Miami liver at this time* others are Ohio liver and in Wyoming ¥ alley, Pennsylvania on the Susquehanna liver* Hodge* op» o.lt«* II* 530-38* +5!The treaty at the Painted Post was finished satisfactorily with two qualifications* "Colonel Pickering did not propose that any of the warriors should accompany our armyj he found that such proposition would not. be acceptable,'* so explained Secretary ^nox.1 An earlier speech of the Seneca chief. Young King, reveals why the Indians would not send warriors to fight under Butler in the Iest! *Last fall it was told us by Col* Pickering.that the Six Iations must take no notice of anything, but wr at tended to be peaceable * * * we are neither on the one side, or on the other; whether of the British, or);the Americans; for we desire to be still, and to be at peace with both** He continued to say that the Indians would Mattend the treaty at the Painted Post, where the fire is lighted by General Washington.®2 This omission on Pickering1 s part was accepted as expedient, but his actions in another instance were severely censored* Pickering was led incautiously Ho certify that a certain assignment of the Seneca Indians, to the daughters of Ebeneser Allen, was done at a public treaty, held under the authority of the United States.*3 It was feared that any assignment of Indian land would defeat and void the pre-emption rights to the land* Secretary Knox wrote Governor Clinton of lew York that the United States explicitly disavowed Pickering1 s actions in this case and in that of a Cayuga lease of land,and that both were considered null and void. There is no record of later official 1* American State Papers, Indian Affairs, op* eit.»I, 192. Secretary inox to Hi^SF^'enerkl Butler,' AugusV^TTTSTT Butler was second in command to liajor-General St. Clair in the campaign against the We stern Indians* 2* Ibid., I, 165, Speech of Young King on Colonel Proctor1 s leaving Buffalo Creek, May 21, 1791, enclosed in Proctor's report to Secretary Knox* 169, Secretary Inox to Governor Clinton of lew York, August 17,1791. Knox at the command of Washington wrote Clinton voiding the Cayuga lease unless lew York wished to recognize it. action on the subject of the Allen mssignmen^wr any notice to the &mmm that the assignment was to id* However, whan tobort Morris extinguished the Indian title to large tracts in. Western Sew York in 1ft?, the four square miles of land assigned to the Allen daughters w#fltnot reserved for their?*4 Colonel Pickering ^xpl^i^ed his action,, in a letter to Secretary Imos in August, 1791*5 lelative to the Seneca assignment of land to the daughters of the white trader Allen,and an Indian squaw, of which the following document is a copy, Pickering wrote that the Senecas understood that Morris® and Ogden7 were the grantees of Massachusetts and had the right of preparation of all of their lands*8 This was no bar to the division 4* Harris, log sit*, pp* 493-94;, editor* o noto* **fhis tract,whether by warsighCeiTlrBierwise|was not reserved in the sale to Morris * * * In 1823 the Senecas made an ineffectual .appeal to the Secretary of War, John C* Calhoun, is behalf of Allan's heirs, * * * * 5* American State Papers, Indian Affairs, op* cit*, X* 170-71* Jfickerinf toTEaoS£ August lT7"TfSl* 6* Robert Morris (1734-1806) was a Philadelphia merchknt and a financier of the devolution* He is mentioned below as m owner of extensive tracts in Western law York* He was prominent in national affairs^ for many years* a signer of the Declaration of Independence, a member of the Continental Congress.,, of the Constitutional Convention and of the United States Senate (1.789-1795). M0rris was a clo.se friend of Washington* He became financially insolvent because of his huge land holdings mo enterprise!, and as a result spent three and a half years in. a debtors1 prison* Oberholtser, 111 is P., "Robert Morris? dictionary of American. Biography, X2B; £19-223* 7*, Iam@l"t%den (174S-1610) was an iron founder and a land promoter. He is mentioned below as the owner of the western two-thirds of the preemption land of Western lew fork and he assigned it to Morris-* By a series of treaties some of the aboriginal titles wer© extinguished and land opened to settlers* He and his brother Abraham founded Ofdensburg, Mew Tork on the St* Lawrence iver* Day, tiefe&rd 1*, *Samue) Qgdten*, Dictionary of American Biography, XIII, 642-43• * --- 8* the western part of lew York State, west of Seneca Lake, was the subject of a boundary dispute between .lew York and Massachusetts settled at the Hartford Convention in 1786* Massachusetts relinquished her claims o-f sovreignty (clai&d by virtue of a 1620 grant) within the borders of Mm fork but was granted the right of pre-emption for the territory - the sole privilege of purchasing the land from the native mmrnrum (Continued next page) of fhe country mon§ the Sen#o&s* Pickering contended! ^If they could divide the whole, they could certainly set up ft part to.......two individuals of their natleiTl^^ fT^'iSa'oB'ject of their T®e3 toTTXm^s" children, whom they called their children, agreeably to the rule of descent among lliesT which is in the female linei and in this deed* the land assigned is declared to be in full of those two children5 s chare of the whole Seneca country,*11 Pickering pointed out that if he questioned the Sense as* right to allot land, to two members of their nation he would only create unrest and mi sunder standing. I© also mentioned that the plans for introducing husbandry to the Indians would lead to separate occupation of the land® A postcript said that Mr* Allen planned to compensate Mr. Morris and Mr* Ggdem for their pre-emption rights to the land assigned to his children. 8. fcmtinued). In April, 1788,Massachusetts sold the sole right to pre-empt the Indian lands (8,250,000 acres) to a company represented by Oliver Phelps and Nathaniel. Gorhsm. In July of the same year at a Seneca Council at Buffalo Creek, the Indian title to the ©astern 2,500,000 acres (between Seneca L«*ke and the Genesee liver plus the "Mill Lot* of 800,000 acres on the west side of the Genesee) was extinguished by the payment of ^5000 and a perpetual annuity promised of iSOO* In August, 1789, the Indians received their first payment at Canandaigua mi returned the bond of Phelps. On August 4th, the chiefs of the other Six Motions signed a quit claim to this section. fhe increased value of Massachusetts notes made it impossible for Phelps and Gorhsm to continue payments to that state for the lands in 1790 two-thirds of the land was returned to Massachusetts and only the eastern part to which the Indian title had been extinguished was retained, this part is generally known as the ^Phelps-Gorhaa Purchase*. On Sovember 18, 1790* this section (excepting small parts already sold) was bought by Robert Morris who soon resold it to Sir William Pulteney of Sngland and his associates. On larch 12, 1791, Massachusetts sold to Samuel Ogden the western two-thirds of the territory, the part that had reverted to the state. Robert Morris was Ogden* s assigned the title to Morris was confirmed by Massachusetts on May 11, 1791. Most of the land acquired by Morris at this time was mortgaged to the Holland Land Company which foreclosed on it, but Morris retained the^Morris Reserve®. Thus at the time of this document, July, 1791, Morris md Ogden had the pre-emption right to the Seneca lands. Harris, loo sit«,pp. 474-82| Hirrins, op» sit., pp. 115-19$ Ston®# Red Jacket, op* ' c it., p. 2371 foreman, R» ^Cfrown Grants and Early'tan^'"tfranCs' "AffectIn g the Rochester Region, Centennial History of Rochester I, 119-125. ir?: Whmmmmr Allen, called Indian Allen, lived en the tract mentioned in the deed, mow the site of Wmmftte Morris* ' One of his wives was a Seneea by- the name of Sally, by whom"he had two children, Mary and Chloe Allen* • •••' «If8 Me 'was very prominent in the early life of Senesee Valley and the first permanent settler in that district, Imt accounts vary from portraying him as , a cruel Tory to a brave pioneer*® ©* %e role of Ibeneser Allen (or Allan) in the frontier life of the Sen esee district is not clear* For many years he was portrayed as a ®Brutal line Beardf the incarnation of ©ruelty, a repulsive portrait*11 More recently* new material has given evidence that he was not ignite %the villain mho stalked the Soohester stage for a eentury** Born in ■■;'lew-^eraey, Allen went to the Seme see ^otetry in 1782* He was a British sympathiser in the service of the British Indian Department* His fory sentiment made hii unpopular and was the basis for much of the antagonism he aroused* Allen was considered a competent and brave officer by the British* He worked for &&ry Jestison on the S&rde&u flats and she relates of Ma life of a most unoomplimentary nature* Torpin suggests ' - that many of these stories of cruel aets and of murders were the pro duo t of Herder gossip of the time* ' In. 1T8S1 Allen moved ;te a site near the present Mount Morris inhere he established a lucrative trading post, in addition toff arm,* * As a trader* he often visited Philadephla and knew Jtobert Morris* Allen aroused the indignation of the British and the Indians in 1783 when he stole a wmespm'' and delivered it to an American military post saying the Indians would fight no more. He probably did this to protect his properly from British and Indian attacks, and at this time his fory allegiance was waning. In the same year Allen was re spoils ibl^f or the Indians receiving the message of the 5m 1 ted States government at Philadelphia asking them, to meet at Port Stanwix* This was the prelude to the peace treaty of 1784* The British had been thwarting efforts of the Inited States to make peace with the Indians* Allen was imprisoned by the British at Fori Siagara to prevent him from attending the Fort Sta&wix ©©uncil* In 1786 he went to the Genesee flats near present Scotsville where he built a log house* He is considered as the first white settler in the Senesee Talley after the Involution* The Seneeas gave him the title to land between Sootswille and the ftenesee tiver, about sia; square miles. In 1789 he built a saw mill and a grist mill at the falls of the Genesee liver at the request of Phelps and flhsrham who rewarded him with the ||iffl Acre Tracts He sold it in 1792 to Barton* is the site of Rochester, Sew Y0rk, and Allen was the first to build stills there and harness the water power* # Allen sold his log house and property at that location in 1789 to a mm by the Jtame of Sheffers who has described Allen* Shaffers : discredited Most of the stories of the atrocious 5 saying that they probably came from Allen1 s boasting spirit and ability to tell tales* Be did say that Allen was cruel «hta his passions were aroused and that ; C^wtinuei next fmgel li.Picker ing^ in the letter to Inox quoted abovefwrote; *The ratification of that assignment £land to Mary and Chioe All®*] I subjoin, as copied from my rough draft, in which 1 do not remember that any alterations were mad@f,f The same ratification is at the end of the following copy of the deed of land? there are minor variations in wording, spelling, and punctuation* The original of the deed is in . the records of the Clerk of Ontario County at Canandaigua, Sew York*10 9. (continued),, he had an * insane passion for matrimony*1® Allen married the squaw Sally sometime around 1782; in 1789 he married Lucy Chapman who shared the home with Sally and by whom he had one son - Seneca Alleni and later he married Morilla Gregory by whom he had four children* About 1794 fee and his two white wives and their children left the Genesee Country and went to Upper Canada where he ' died, probably about 1816* The charge has often been made that Allen sold the land obtained in this deed for his own benefit shortly after buying it, lobert Morris being the purchaser* The deed is so worded, comments Turpin, that this is impossible and there is no record nor authoritative knowledge of it* Allen did however sell the improvements on the property deeded to his daughters, but not the property itself* The instruction of the girls is mentioned in the deed, and this was carried outjas they were educated at Trenton, lew Jersey* Turpin, M0rley Bebee, *Bbeneaer Allen in the Genesee Country, * Centennial History of Rochester, lew Tork, II, Home Builders, editor1 note and pp* 3134s5f Olds, I^thaniel Shurtle^f, "from iaSalle to m Allan,** Centennial History of Rochester, I Indian Allan,Centennial History of Rochester, lew York, I, 78~80f "Rochester,* frcyclooa Aia"ferlt«mlo», 14th edTtSSTXTX, 364* Biggins, op* cTt*, pp* £L9-Wj ~Seaver, James Everett, A Barrative of the Life of l^FTSison, the White Woman of the Genesee « . * revise! by Charles Pelamster TSJT'* .....T™T2na editioriTTewTork, 1925, pp* 7%*92* 10* Harris, loo alt*, editor1a note, p* 493* 50.5 v vj- of * B##d of Cession fey the Seneos Smtiom to Mary tad Chloe Allen Bate* July is. Iff I. Omt&rio as* fhe people of the utate of lew York by the grace " - of Sod free and Independent m. fo all whom these presents shall come, send. Sreeting ~ that we have caused diligent search to be made in the records fa remembrances in the office of our County of Ontario . do there find of record the following Instrmemt in words & figures, to wit ** To all People to whom those ..pregents shall come WI the Sachems,. Chiefs k Warriors, of the Seneka Hat ion of Indians, send Greeting ** Whereas by the custom Of our lotion from the earliest times of our forefathers to the present ti^jsy, every person born of a Seneka woman has been and is considered as one of the said lation, h thence as having an equal right with ©very other person in the lation to the land* belonging to the Mat ion ~ ABB Whereas Ey~en~da~nent h»n, named in English Sally, one of our sisters has had two daughters born of her body by our brother Jon~«fe-»«ltoo» lamed in .English Ebeneeer Allen; the names of the said daughters in English,- being M^ry Allen & Chloe Allen - and Whereas our said brother Jen~uh~sheo, the father of the said Mary is Chloe has-..expreased to Us, his desire to have the share of the Seneka lands, to which the said Mary & Chloe ( whom we consider as our -children) are entitled, set off to them in severalty that they may enjoy the seme as their separate 51.proportion - low Know ye that we the Sachems, Chiefs & Warriors of the Said Sesairm X*tioft in ^he name and by the authority of our whole Station* whom, Recording to our ancient custom, in like canes, we repreaept, and in c on s id e ration of the right of the said Mary & Chloe aa children k wmmhms of the Soitek* lotions, fc of our low & affection for them DO hereby smt ■ < off k assign to th« the said Mary & Chloe a? to their heirs and assigmt t. tract of land, on part of which the s&ii Jen -uh-sheo our brother now dwells upon the waters of the J«nuh«hoo river in the county of Ontario in the State of lew York, bounded, as follows beginning at in 11® fre© standing in the forks of the Jeausheo river, the boundary b®tw«®i our land and the Isutds we sold to Oliver Phelps 11 fa Mr* Gorham 12 is rimniag from thence duo south four miles, thence due west four miles, thene# dm north four mills' & thence due east four miles until! the line strikes tho said aim tree with the appurtanaaces to have and to hold the said tract of lend with the appurtenances to them the s^jid Mary Allen and Chloe k to their heirs k assigns as tenants in common to their use forever provided nevertheless k we the said Saohems, Chiefs h Warriors declare that it is our desire k intention that from this day until1 the third day of March in the year iimoa* Domini on© thousand eight hundred & three, during which time both the mid Mary k Chloe will be minors! the said Bbeneser Allen his executor and administrators shall take "cere of, occupy h improve the whole of the said tract of land & receive the rents & profits thereof without accounting to the said children therefore saving that therwith he, his •executors & administrators shall make provision for the decent k suitable maintenance & for the instruction of the said Mary k Chloe k cause them to fee? instructed in reading k writing sewing & other useful arts according to the custom of the-white people - provided that if the said Mary shall mary before the age of twenty one years, then immediately on her marriago, thesaid Mhmnmmr his Bxmmtors or administrators shall deliver to her the {K>ft6**£lox» of her one eqnel third part in quality k quejitity of said tract of land | h if the seid Ohio© shall marry before th© sge of twenty one years* th#B immediately on her marriage, the said Sbene&er, his execntore or administrators shall deliver to her the said Ohio© the possession of ona equal third part for quality and qumtity of said tract of lendi k thenee forward the said lsry k Ghloe, respectively k their respective heirs, ezeeutors* administrators and assigns shall receive th© rents k profits of their respective third part of said tract of Isndf h the said Ebene^er Allen shell continue in the possession of the remmining third part of said tract of land k receive the rents h profits thereof during his natural life to his own use, h after his death his present wife, if she survive him shall hold possession of the seme third part k receive the rents and profits thereof to her own use so long as she shall remain his widow immediately after whioh the said Mary & Chloe, their heirs & assigns shall receive & have th© entire possession of the whole said trait of land forever - we the Ssehems, Chiefs k Warriors do further deolare that the traet of land so set. off to them the said Mary k Chloe is h forever shall be in full of their share h interest in all the lands belonging to our said nation, k of all el aims of property of every kind wether monies or goods for lands sold or received as presents which hm® been or shall be received by our nation - provided further fk it is our meaning to reserve to th® Indian fmilies mow dwelling on said tract of land, the liberty of remain inf. there so long as they shall thinV fit with the liberty of planting so mmh eorn as shall be necessary for their own use -provided further that our sister the said ly^en-da-nent^haii shall be 53.entitle! to comfortable and competent maintenance out of the rents & profits of said tract of land, during her natural life or as long •as she remains unjoined to another companion ~ In Witness whereof we the Sachems k Chiefs of the Seneka I at ion, according to th.; ancient custom of our nation hav© hereunto sat our heads & seals the fifteenth day of July in the year one thousand seven hundred & ninety one - and of the Independence of the United States, the sixteenth Sealed & delivered in the presence of ub Preseatsj tracts of, equal 'in first sheet • to his mm use in 2d leaf interlined done before scaling -The word children in the 6th line of the first leaf erased ~ said delivery being also first interlined - fhe boundary between our lands & the lands we sold to Oliver Phelps k Mr* Gorham the decant is suitable maintenance h for being else interlined By the fifteen Chiefs Sachems in the rirht hand coltum of .seals 1feeneier Bowmam Joseph Smith Jenper Parish Horatio Jones Oliver Phelps fonde~yewas or Shek~wi~un-dunkwe Kden-do-waw-r a H on@y*~ s mgu i ah Oo«*na-sot-ck-hau Farmers Brotherly or Little Beard 14 or Big free 15 or Young lings or Fire in the mountain ¥ To-ne- &uh~to«-waw Jjj? Big Throat Kodge~a~gayonk Jjj^ Heap of Dogs 17 Tiah-ka-a-ga f 'aenniawHlee sh r Ion -ne-yoo-we~ sut jl?^ Kon-no~ shaw-I o i-yorkJ^ Se~en~d awko-wew K ah-jun-guush 8oo~nooh~ahoo~waw ^ To^way-es Littl® Billy 18 or Black Chief 19 or Captain Lamp or Old House or Great Tr#e 20 £ or China bra at Plata W»s yHcutK or Stump foot 5.11* Oliver Phelps (1749-1809} is mentioned above a purchaser of , land from Massachmaette and from the Indiana* He wm also active in political life Ir. Satsmchttsetts* Wmm he owned land in Western Sew fork, he opened a land office at Canandaigua and Initiated a , systeai of townships and ranges used tsd«iy in modified -form* He was appointed the first Jmdge of Ontario County and to this oupacitjr : signed this deed * He was m representative to Congress from 1803-05* "•vr \t Paul ^ m©liver Phelps,^ fiietion-ary - .-ilo^raffiy, XX¥, 530-511 ^Oliver Phslpe,*1 V ' ~. " / of ■■" • ! _Bio^ _ ^ lew York, 1893-1932, WtTT^O^ 12* fathaniel Sorham, Sr* (1758-1796) is mentioned above in relation.;to the Phelps-Gorhara Purchase* He was a merchant and prominent statesman active in Massachusetts affairs* He was a member of the Continental Congress and President of it in 1766, and also a delegate to the . Federal Constitutional Congress* lis over-investiaent in lands made .him financially insolvent! the strain on hie health was great and he died of apoplesey in 1796* He never saw the huge tract of land the t he had bought In Sew fork* \. ' " id^^f: Adams, James frutlow, ^Hathaniel Sorham,11 Dictionary of Amerlean . Biography, Til, ic -3 * Humphrey, Seorge H*, *]fathsniei " 7* - " 'lochester' 1 isto.rioal Society, Publication fund Series, ¥1, 297-99* IS* Farmer1 s Brother was a Seneca chief whose memory was held wim high veneration* by members of his tribe long after hi® death in 181S* Although an advocate of peace, much of his fame rests on his military leadership in commanding Seneca warricjjs in the War of 1812 at Black lock, Chippewa., andjlmdyfs Lane «kn'm was over seventy-five years old* Sis name was derived from a visit with Seorge Washington! ' Washington described himself as a farmer® and called the chief his * brother* * Farmers Brother was active in the 1790 treaty at flog a Point, and he signed the 1794 Canandaigua treaty, the 1797 treaty at Big free, and the 1802 treaty at Buffalo Creek* At the Big free Council he presented the claims of Mary J rati son for land* (See la)* An American arty officer described farmer1® Brother! 11 the moat noble Indian in form and mould, in carriage and in soul, of that generation of his race** Hodge, op* cit», 1, 4§3f Se&ver, op* cit*,pp* 94, 104j Sappier, op* cit*, 11, passimj Stone, Red Jacket, o^»'clt*, p* 316, Colonel Worth of Major Qener&i "Lewis1 sta'^f described the chief as quoted $ Journals, of Henry A* S* Dearborn,* Buffalo Historical Society Publications, TXI, Lamed, A history of tui'f lew fork, 14* Little Beard was a Seneca chief who lived at Little Beard1 s town on the west side of the Genesee liver near present C^ylerville* Colonel Proctor mentioned him as making a speech in 1791* He signed the Canandaigua and Big free treaties Little Beard is described as a vindictive tmd dissipated chief,11 as *a atrong-minded smbitieu®, and cruel man, «M- an arbitrary and despotic ruler*® Mary Jamison m^itiomed that Little Beard was usually the principal actor at scenes of cnaelty* ler grandson ^distinctly recallfoS the announcement (continued next page) 51.11 And by the Chiefs i®tderwritten in the preseace of un bt* ?e~du»do*wasigufly ^J^ or Henny Jameson Cy~a~su~to So^go-M-a^to X* or led Jacket^ The two last Chiefs signed In presence of Jacob Hart Timothy Pickering BbenS Bowmen 0 oimaiss ioner By timothy Pickering Esquire Commissioner for holding a treaty with the six nations of Indians ** 1 certify that the Instrument of writing- ©ontained in this sheet & in the sheet of paper annexed to it (on which also I Kwritten ny name) being an acsifnement made by the Seneka I at ion of Indisns to their two children Mary Allen and Chloe Allen therein, naiaed of the tract of lend th#rsin described ©s their full share of the Seneka lends was yesterflff publ ic particularly explained by me in/council of the ?aid six nations & after 1 had explained the same & asked them if they understood it, the Sachems & Chiefs of the Seneka nation answered that the whole was well understood the instrument, having been then agreed to in public council was them signed, ;iealed and delivered in my presence by all the Sachems and Chiefs whoes names appear in my hand writing, being the fifteen whose names are subscribed in the right hand column & one in the left hand columns saving that the chief £o~ne~au«*do~waw only signed 4 sealed the Instrument in sgr presence - In Witness whereof I have hereto sat my hand, & seal £S>14* (continued) "borne by fleet footed-runners to the scattered Indian villages, that Little Beard, the barbarous and bloody war-chief, was dead.** (l806)« the eclipse of the sun shortly after his death wa» attributed by the Indians to his. ^mailgn agency?11 the Indians shot volleys in the direction of the sun to counteract the evil® There are,however^ references to ©mother Seneca chief tittle Beard in other works as the principal chief residing at the fonawanda Reservation* There must have been two different chiefs bearing this nam®, this is possible as the possession of any beard by an Indian was a distinctive quality* Oliver Phelps awarded Little Beard m annuity { see 14") which was probably the Tonawenda chief* American State Paperg# Indian Affairs, op* cit*, I, 162-65f ^appler, op» cit*, II, pasecit., p* 130j Seaver, op/cit*, ppVY27 178, 202, 254i lowland, Henry R*, Mfh© Seneca Mission at Buffalo Creek/ Buffalo Historical Society Publications, VI (1903), 141* ~ IS* Big free was a Seneca chief who was a member of the delegation that visited Philadelphia and W4S addressed by George Washington* He is mentioned in the title of several of the speeches delivered by and to the Indians at this time, 1790 and 1791* He was particularly notified by Colonel Proctor in 1791 to attend a meeting* He lived not far from Little Beard at a village bearing his own nmm$ Big Tree Village* ■ *t was about a mile and a half north of Little Beard1 s Town* Big Tree signed the Port Harrnar Treaty of 1789* le was among the group of Seneeas, Oneidas, and Onondagas who went to Philadelphia for a conference with the government in 1792* HIt was at this conference that Chief Big free died from excessive eating*® IS® Young- ling was an outstanding Seneca Sachem and is mentioned often iqfee history of this period* He was born about 1760 near present Can&mdaigua and later lived at Buffalo Creek. One writer comments that he was second only to Cornplanter in prominence* He was a gallant warrior and was seriously wounded in the W&r of 1812* (see <21 For this he was granted an annuity by the United States* (see 3fe)* In m 1815 fight, one of his arms was hurt so severely that it had to be amputated* (see 3 k}* Young Iing was a Christian, Joining the ' Seneca Mission Churcfi in 1832, an advocate of tempersnce in his later Ipears, and a ^leading promoter of education and progress in his tribe* His manners were refined and whis hospitality and benevolence were proverbial*11 He died in 1835 and was buried in the Mission Church Cemetery and in 1884 was re inter red with Red Jacket and other chiefs* lis opinion was highly respected and his nsme affixed to the important treaties of the period* Young ling signed the 1797 Big Tree Treaty and for his part was promised an annuity of #100 by Robert Morris (see 40), the 1802 Buffalo Creek treaty, the 1815 treaty in which the Seneca* sold the islands in the Si agar a liver to lew York, am 1821 receipt ( see 3S)t the 1823 Seneca land sale agreement, md an 1826 receiptIbr provisions (see 44m* Bryant, William Clement, Sketches of the five Indian Chiefs He in tombed with led Jacket," Buffalo Historical Society Publications, III (1865), 81-83; Sappier, op« olt», II, pass Ik's'lowland, SSSSa'Mission, loc sit*, p* 1551 Stone, Red tfacket7 op* cit*, p* 247 and zWn7 fat lewtowa in the county'of Tioga in the State of few fork, th© sixteenth of July in the year 1791 and of the Independence of the United State the sixteenth - (Signed) Timothy Pickering Be it remembered that on the 8 day of August 1791 before me Qli-wer Phelpa one of the Judges of the Court of common pleas for the ©OBBty of Ontario, come Joseph Smith one of the subscribing witnesses to this Indenture who made solemn oath that the several Sachems k liar Chiefs whose names are set to this Instrument did in his presence mak^ their marks, &#t their seals & deliver this- deed as their voluntary act for the purposes k usen therein mentioned, k that he the said Smith, Ibene&er Bowman, Jasper Parish, and Horatio Jones, signed their names as witnesses in presence of each other, and 1 having examined the same Finding no material erasures or inter1inations, except those noted, have no objection to its being recorded n - (Signed) "Oliver Phelps* "I do hereby certify the foregoing to be a true copy of the original, examined with the same the eighth day of August 1791* (Signed) lath Gorham Junr Oik" 22 5 L.Se&jp of PmgB. was a 8mm® present at the 1788 Council at Buffalo Creek when tho Somoe&a sold their title to the land known later as tho ^urtshme*® He was on* of the 'bIx who iorltotf ' fholpis to hold- the mooting at Buffalo Crosk. Be aignod the 17S4 ': ' 3 • > - 7; . trsaty . ' "V Mwrlm* .......pp. tl0 I#ittlo Billy was a Samoa ohiof c Ilea Jiohkaaga or some variation of it, the Green Grasshopper,, and often mentioned in contemporary records as nThe War Chief.* 1# was active at the f ioga Counoil and .he fignad.the treaties of 17M, .1797, 1S02, 1815, :ani Ittl* ' Hia,: 1 bi ' was also n the deed of land to Mary \ Is * i see P Bn was a captain in the War of 1812 and was of ton -; r Captain u the United States paid him an annuity of #50*00 (see In 1618 he was among the Senee&e of Buffalo Greek who petitioned • ; ffini&mk Monroe and in 1821 ha signed a receipt for Seneca interest {see 3. Bryant oharaetariaas him as mm of marked Integrity and of irreproachable habits.* So diod at Buffalo Greek in 1854, and was among the chiefs re interred in 1884. Bryant, loo, sit*, p. 84| Kappler, op. pit., II, pasaims S o«vor# op. mIt »V WP* — I "Register 'of "the Seneca Mi salon Church . . . 1823-1848,^ Buffalo Mlaterioal Society Public tions, ?i tl£Q3)r.sriMG* . --—-—-^ Black r lief was a Seneca Chief who ia referred -to in 1791 fey Proctor..as arriving at Squakie Hill for a meeting, and ia 1810 by Mary Jemison as the ®old chief® who interpreted the dream of h#r $on> Harris, loo» ,,3it..t p« tSS-i Shaver,"'op. clt.# p. 130. . Sreat a Seneca chief* who tif with Seorge Washington is the ausrner of 1778 and thorn indicated hit friendship for the American oauae m4 his intention to inspire the Seneca® for -the colonial side. CM his way to the Sanecashe assured tha OneIdas of his hop© that the Sanec&s would support the colonies. However ho found the Seneoas armed and prepared to pro toot their country from a rumored American r- Sreat Tree likewise objected to mi It el on the Indian Country* The Cherry Valloy Massaere was soon after this time. Mm wa? in the group which journeyed to Philadelphia in 1790 to see President Washington and his name ia among the few cited at the boginning of some of the speeches. ^l^iean State Faparsf Indian Affairs, op. olt.» 1, 142fff Ston^, Brant, op^ " '— • tod J.ooko t ( about 1756 <* 1850) was a Sanaa a chief of tha Wolf elan, ' i femcma^orator, and a siof many traatias (1794, 1797, 1802, 1 ^ 1823) whose Indian name was .8a-go~ye~wat~ha. Ho fought with Urt&t Britain during th© Sevolutlonary War as did many of the Indiana oi the Sim lotions* A British offioar gaira him a bright rod Jaekoti ha always? wore thie jacket or a roplaoament of it# thus his common appellation*. Jasper Parrish ga^e him a naw red jaokot at Canandaigua in 1794. Ha was valuable in rooalling for his poopla tho oronta and transaotims of oouncils and treatias with tho whitoa. I# h ,d an oxoallont memory and was a fluent spoakor* la is pmrtioularly no tod (oontinuod- next page) CeontJiiued) for his fettllifint and successful defray of Toimsy Jemmy In 1820* m. Indian who was on trial for rnxmnting a Bquaw convicted by a Seneca counc11 of witchcraft* Morgan praises Sod Jacket as ftthe most gifted and imtelleetm&l of the reoe of the Iroquois." He figures prominently in all Semee^ history as opposed to ■ the inroads of whites and of civilisation* One of his prlae possessions w a e liver medal pretexted to him by George Washington In If92 when he was ©mom^ the chiefs visiting Philadelphia® ted Jacket* in later yeara, beeane very impopular with his own trite and for a while was deponed as a chief* 11827)* He often drank too mmh* and this criticism 1b made by most writers about him® Ha was not a fighter, in fact he charged during his lifetime with being a coward, but ha was s. great orator* fie i» mentioned by ®iei?ietia?iee as opposed to their efforts and it was a gra&t blow to him whan his v&fe became a Christian; he Is also mentioned by educators as opposed to their andewor?? to teach the Indiana, and by land buyers as opposed to their purchases* fie opposed the sal© of lend to Phelps .and Gorham, the claim of Mary Jamison* and the Big Tree treaty* Jasper Parrish1 a biography notes* %ed Jacket has been, and still 1b violently opposed to all innovations upifpn there old customs and ell char .res in there condition* He says they were'created Indians and Indiana they should remain and that he never if ill relinquish their anelent pagan customs and habits/' led Jacket was among the petitioners from Seneca tillage at Burff&In Creek in 1818 (see md signed the receipts of 1621 (see 3l) and 1826 {see 4(>)* Se was one of th© three at Washington, B*£* addressed by Secretary of War Calhotm in 182$ ('see' 42)* •In IBS^Sed Jafket* $ remains -were reintefrred, taken from the deserted Seneca Mission Church cemetery and placed in the Forest hmm Cemetery* lnffalo# at the same t"me as were those of Young Slag* C apta in Pollard, Little Billy, and others amid elaborate eeremow of Indians s,nd whites* Jacket11, Buffalo Historical Society Publicattorns, III, (1885}, passim* l^Qdje^^'opT/'c1 YtTiTTI^ II^^Ti^'TioieT^ea Jacket, ££*eit»,p* IgS and paaaimf Morgan," op. cit*, I, 9?~98; Sealer, op® cit*, pp. 404^051 "COPY", iSTsTt* ' —~ -~ 22* Sathaniel Gorham, Jr* (1785-1826) was a son of the land purchaser mentioned above* He took charge of his father* s intrests in Western Saw York about 1790* In 1800 he moved to Gaaand&lgua where he resided until h!s death* He was an honored citizen and active in the life of the district, serving as clerk and judge of the Court of Common Pleas and as President of the Ontario Bank* A ion, William W* G or ham, married a-daughter of Jasper Parrish* Humphrey, loc« .ait*, p* 299,,
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Creator: Benson, Egbert Jr.
Date: n.d.
Text: Egbert Benson Jrwill oblige me

Creator: Schuyler, Philip
Date: [1795-07]
Text: John Richardson Esquire of Mr. Jasper Parish having submitted to us the subscribers an adjustment of the Dispute between the said parties, relative to the Lot which the said Jasper is entitled to a certificate, according to the law providing for the purchase and sale of the Cayuga Reservation, which shall secure to him the right of Preemption at the one … price at which the Land of the said reservation shall be sold, We the said subscribers having viewed the premises, I heard the allegations...
Show moreJohn Richardson Esquire of Mr. Jasper Parish having submitted to us the subscribers an adjustment of the Dispute between the said parties, relative to the Lot which the said Jasper is entitled to a certificate, according to the law providing for the purchase and sale of the Cayuga Reservation, which shall secure to him the right of Preemption at the one … price at which the Land of the said reservation shall be sold, We the said subscribers having viewed the premises, I heard the allegations of the said parties so conceived it to be the peculiar[?} province of the agents appointed buy the act above alluded so to Settle and adjust circumstances disputes likely this; and therefore have submitted for the information & satisfaction of the said agents, the following Statement of Facts. - That the said John Richardson by virtue of a preemptive right, to himself granted or adjudged by the said agents as a Late or former acceptant on some part of the Cayaga Reservation as he has declared to us; and also, .. having purchased of john Spaulding his prospect of obtaining Compensation; since his claim to a preemptive right has been rejected by the said agents; hath laid or wishes to lay, his said right on Lot No. 131 on the EAst side of the Cayuga lake. And the said Jasper Paris hath also laid, or wishes to lay, on the same Lot a preemptive right, granted or adjudged to him by the said Agents, by virtue of a purchase he made of the improvement of Elisha Durkee, as an occupant on and about said Lot. - Upon the view and evidence aforesaid, we find that between Lots N. 924 and 144 on the Lake Shore, there are no Claims of Preemption allowedallowed by the said Agents, in their general Certificate, excepting the Claim of Jasper Parish for the improvement of the said Elisha Durkee. That the Divisional Line between Lots no. 131 and 137 on the said East Side of the Cayuga Lake runs thro' the improvement of the said Elisha Durkee, diving the said improvement, and leaving the greater part there of, together with the remains of an old Log Hutton the south side of said Divisional Line. - That on the North Side of said Lot No. 131- there are about three acres of unimproved Land enclosed by a fence made by the said John Spaulding whose claim has been rejected as aforesaid. - Seth Phelps Ben. Ledyard Thomas [?] Mumford Bery Dey [?] Scipio December 5th 1795
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Creator: Pickering, Timothy
Date: 1790-10-30
Text: 46. [In scrapbook, following 50] Pickering to Parrish. Tioga Point Oct. 30, 1790 Sir, I have received a message from the Indians. They are on their way. They desire that at the Paintend Post and Newtown Point that they may be supplied with provisions. As they will depend on such supply and it may induce them to hasten their journey, I have agreed to furnish it. Captain Ros goes forward for that purpose. With him are two of the Runners who arrived here last evening from the Seneca Nation. They...
Show more46. [In scrapbook, following 50] Pickering to Parrish. Tioga Point Oct. 30, 1790 Sir, I have received a message from the Indians. They are on their way. They desire that at the Paintend Post and Newtown Point that they may be supplied with provisions. As they will depend on such supply and it may induce them to hasten their journey, I have agreed to furnish it. Captain Ros goes forward for that purpose. With him are two of the Runners who arrived here last evening from the Seneca Nation. They are to return and meet the body of Indians, to inform them that provisions will be furnished at those two places, agreeably to their request. At the earnest desire of two of the Runners who are Chiefs, I have written a letter to the Indians which captain Ros will hand to you; and I request you to accompany the Runner to interpret the letter to them. As you can well interpret, they will have no pretense for sending for Jones, and thus delay their journey. I desire you to urge them forward as fast as possible. I am, Sir, your friend, (Signed) Timothy Pickering Mr. Jasper Parish.
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Date: 1791-07-15
Text: Ontario ss. The People of the state of New York by the grace of God free and Independent - To all whom these presents shall come, send Greeting - That we have caused diligent search to be made in the records and remembrances in the office of our Country of Ontario & do there find record of the following Instrument in words & figures, to wit - "To all People to whom these presents shall come WE the Sachems, Chiefs & Warriors of the Seneka Nation of Indians, send Greeting -...
Show moreOntario ss. The People of the state of New York by the grace of God free and Independent - To all whom these presents shall come, send Greeting - That we have caused diligent search to be made in the records and remembrances in the office of our Country of Ontario & do there find record of the following Instrument in words & figures, to wit - "To all People to whom these presents shall come WE the Sachems, Chiefs & Warriors of the Seneka Nation of Indians, send Greeting - Whereas by the custom of our Nation from the earliest times of our forefathers to the present day, every person born of a Seneka woman has been and is considered as one of the said Nation, & thence as having an equal right with every other person in the Nation to the lands belonging to the Nation - AND Whereas Ky-en-da-nent han, named in English Sally, one of our sisters has had two daughters born of her body by our brother Jen-uh-sheo, named in English Ebenezer Allen; Allen & Chloe Allen - and Whereas our said brother Jen-uh-sheo, the father of the said Mary & Chloe has expressed to Us, his desire to have the share of the Seneka lands to which the said Mary & Chloe (whom we consider as our - children) are entitled, set off to them in severalty that they may enjoy the same as their separate proportion - Now Know ye that we the Sachems, Chiefs & Warriors of the Said Whole Nation, whom, according to our ancient custom, in like cases, we represent, and in consideration of the right of the said Mary & Chloe as children & members of the Seneka Nations, & of our love & affection for them DO hereby set off & assign to them the said Mary & Chloe & to their heirs and assigns a tract of land, on part of which the said Jen-uh-sheo our brother now dwells upon the waters of the Jenuhsheo river in the county of Ontario in Elm Tree standing in the forks of the Jenusheo river, the boundary between our lands and the lands we sold to Oliver Phelps & Mr. Gorham & running from thence due south four miles, thence due west four miles, thence due north four miles & thence due east four miles until the line strikes the said elm tree with the appurtenances to have and to hold the said tract of land with the appurtenances to them the said Mary Allen and Chloe & to their heirs & assigns as tenants in common to their use forever provided nevertheless & we the said Sachems, Chiefs & Warriors declare that it is our desire & intention that from this day until the third day of March in the year Annoa Domini one thousand eight hundred & three, during which time both the said Mary & Chloe will be minors; the said Ebenezer Allen his executor & administrators shall take care of, occupy & improve the whole of the said tract of land & receive the rents & profits thereof without accounting to the said children therefore saving that therewith he, his executors & administrators shall make provision for the decent & suitable maintenance & for the instruction of the said Mary & Chloe & cause them to be instructed in reading & writing sewing & other useful arts according to the custom of the white people - provided that if the said Mary shall mary before the age of twenty one years, then immediately on her marriage, the said Ebenezer, his executors or administrators shall deliver to her the possession of her one equal third part in quality & quantity of said tract of land; & if the said Chloe shall mary before the age of twenty one years, then immediately on her marriage, the said Ebenezer, his executors or administrators shall deliver to her the possession of her one equal third part in quality & quantity of said tract of land; & thence forward the said Mary & Chloe, respectively & their respective heirs, executors; administrators and assigns shall receive the rents & profits of their respective third parts of said tract of land; & the said Ebenezer Allen shall continue in the possession of the remaining third part of said tract of land & receive the rents & profits thereof during his natural life to his own use, & after his death his present wife, Lucy, if she survives him shall hold possession of the same third part & receive the rents and profits thereof to her own use so long as she shall remain his widow immediately after which the said Mary & Chloe, their heirs & assigns shall receive & have the entire possession of the whole said tract of land forever - and we the Sachems, Chiefs & Warriors do further declare that the tract of land so set off to them the said Mary & Chloe is & forever shall be in full of their share & interest in all the lands belonging to our said nation, & of all claims of property of every kind wether monies or goods for lands sold or received as presents which have been or shall be received by our nation - provided further & it is our meaning to reserve to the Indians families now dwelling on said tract of land, the liberty of remaining there so long as they shall think fit with the liberty of planting so much corn as shall be necessary for their own use - provided further that our sister the said Ky-en-da-nent-han shall be entitled to comfortable and competent maintenance our of the rents & profits of said tract of land, during her natural life or as long as she remains unjoined to another companion- In Witness whereof we the Sachems & Chiefs of the Seneka Nation, according to the ancient custom of our nation have hereunto set out hands & seals the fifteenth day of July in the ear one thousand seven hundred & ninety one - and of the Independence of the United States, the sixteenth Sealed & delivered in the presence of us Presents, tracts of equal in fist sheet- to his own use in 2d leaf interlined done before sealing - The word children in the 5th line of first leaf erased- said delivery being also first interlined - Nonde-yewas or Farmers Brother Shek-wi-un dunkwe or Little Beard Kden-do-waw-ra or Big Tree Honey-sanguish or Young Kings Oo-na-sot-ck-hau or Fire in the mountain The boundary between our lands & the lands we sold to Oliver Phelps & Mr. Gorham the decent & suitable maintenance & for being also interlined By the fifteen Chiefs Sachems in the right hand column of seals Ebenezer Bowman Joseph Smith Jasper Parish Horation Jones Oliver Phelps And by the Chiefs underwritten in the presence of us To-ne-auh-to-waw Big Throat Kodge-a-gayonk Heap of Dogs Tish-ka-a-ga Little Billy Taen-daw-deesh or Black Chief Kon-ne-yoo-we-sut or Captain Lamp Kon-no-shaw-Koi-york or Old House Ne-en-daw-ko-waw or Great Tree Te-du-do-wanguey or Henmy Jameson Cy-a-su-to So-go-u-a-to or Red Jacket The two last Chiefs signed in presence of Jacob Hart Eben T. Bowman Timothy Pickering Commissioner By Timothy Pickering Esquire Commissioner for holding a treaty with the six nations of Indians- I certify that the Instrument of writing contained in this sheet & in the sheet of paper annexed to it (on which also I have written my name) being an assignment made by the Seneka Nation of Indians to their two children Mary Allen and Chloe Allen therein named of the tract of land therein described as their full share of the Senka Lands was yesterday particularly explained by mein public council of the said six nations & after I had explained the same & asked them if they understood it, the Sachems & Chiefs of the Seneka nation answered that the whole was well understood the instrument, having been then agreed to in public council was then signed, sealed and delivered in my presence by all the Sachems and Chiefs whose names appear in my hand writing, being the fifteen whose names are subscribed in the right hand column & one on the left hand column; saving that the Chief So-ne-au-do-waw only signed & sealed the Instrument in my presece - In Witness whereof I have hereto set m hand & seal at Newton in the county of Tioga in the State of New York, the sixteenth day of July in the year 1791 and of the Independence of the United State the sixteenth Timothy Pickering Be it remembered that on the 8 day of August 1791 before me Oliver Phelps one of the Judges of the Court of common pleas for the county of Ontario, came Joseph Smith one of the subscribing witnesses to this Indenture who made solemn oath that the several Sachems & War Chiefs whose names are set to this Instrument did in his presence make their marks, set their seals & deliver this deed as their voluntary act for the purposes & uses therein mentioned, & that the said Smith, Ebenezer Bowman, Jasper Parish, and Horatio Jones, signed their names as witnessesin presence of each other, and I having examined the same Finding no material erasures or interlinations, except those noted, have no objection to its being recorded " "Oliver Phelps" "I do herb certify the foregoing to be a true copy of the original, examined with the same the eighth day of August 1791. Nath Gorham Junr Clk"Copy of a deed of cession by the Seneca Nation to Mary Allen & Chloe Allen dated July 15th, 1791.
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Creator: Redfield, Herman J.
Date: 1822-06-06
Text: To Red Jacket, John Fop, John Bluesky Cornplanter, David Sky, Capt. Jemmy, erter Bldwin and Bigfriar, Since you were here I have seen Mr. Bingham. He thinks that the General Council of all the Six Nations have not resolved that they will not have a missionary at Tonewanda, as you told me - He says that your great council will meet in a few days. If so I would advise you to be quiet until after the council meets. Mr. Bingham says, that if they resolve that they will not have a missionary at...
Show moreTo Red Jacket, John Fop, John Bluesky Cornplanter, David Sky, Capt. Jemmy, erter Bldwin and Bigfriar, Since you were here I have seen Mr. Bingham. He thinks that the General Council of all the Six Nations have not resolved that they will not have a missionary at Tonewanda, as you told me - He says that your great council will meet in a few days. If so I would advise you to be quiet until after the council meets. Mr. Bingham says, that if they resolve that they will not have a missionary at Tonewanda he will immediately go away ------ Herman J. Redfield Le Roy June 6th 1822 True CopyH. J. Redfield Letter June 6 1829Copy of a letter to Red Jacket & others Chiefs of the Seneca Nation
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Creator: Silverheels, Nicholas
Date: 1806-04-01
Text: Messrs. Jasper Parish or Gentlemen, Either of you, who hold my watch in hand, which was left in pled for Six dollars and one half, will please & Deliver the Same to Wm Davis, after he has paid the said $6-50 Cents and much oblige Your humble Servt Nicholas Silverheels Cold Spring Allegany River April 1st, 1806Nicholas Silverheels order on Jasper Parrish

Creator: Hancock, Winfield Scott, 1824-1886
Date: 1864-09-[10]
Text: My Dear Pleasonton, Your favor of the 6th instance was received. I had a perfect dog fight at Ream’s Station a few days since. I was outnumbered - yet had all of my troops behaved equally well (some recruits, substitutes, etc. behaved miserably) a decided success would have been had. Had Meade been bolder, we would have won a great victory, for we had fifteen or twenty thousand men between Hill and Petersburg. [Miles & miles] of the fight (which lasted from morn til dark)] yet not a...
Show moreMy Dear Pleasonton, Your favor of the 6th instance was received. I had a perfect dog fight at Ream’s Station a few days since. I was outnumbered - yet had all of my troops behaved equally well (some recruits, substitutes, etc. behaved miserably) a decided success would have been had. Had Meade been bolder, we would have won a great victory, for we had fifteen or twenty thousand men between Hill and Petersburg. [Miles & miles] of the fight (which lasted from morn til dark)] yet not a soul was engaged but myself. It was a great misfortune. I had been ordered to withdraw but finding the enemy confronting me, notified Meade that I would fight it out until dark or until I was driven from the field. This was about 11:40 a.m. Oh how physicallywearied I am. A little rest should do great things for me, but I cannot expect it until the campaign [closes]; So Sam Grant says at least. I have no desire to command the Army of the Potomac but I know the Army pretty well: There will be changes this [winter] without doubt. I am much obliged to you for your opinion as to my [devotions] in this war. I have been devoted, self sacrificing - and more generous to individuals than I should ever get credit for. I am glad you saw Mrs. Hancock and the children at Longwood and glad to hear that Russell [presented] so well. Trusting that this civil war will soon be over and that we will then begin [worrying] ourselves. I remain as ever Truly your friend
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Creator: Pickering, Thomas
Date: 1794-11-15
Text: Canand y. Novr. 15 1794 Sir In consideration of the good character and abilities of the Seneca War Chief Tishkaaga, usually called Little Billy, and of his Strong friendship and attachment to the United States, and depending on the continuance of that friendship and attachment, I have promised him an annuity of fifty dollars during his life. This my engagement on behalf of the United States. I hope will meet with your approbation. Little Billy is a steady, prudent and judicious man; and as...
Show moreCanand y. Novr. 15 1794 Sir In consideration of the good character and abilities of the Seneca War Chief Tishkaaga, usually called Little Billy, and of his Strong friendship and attachment to the United States, and depending on the continuance of that friendship and attachment, I have promised him an annuity of fifty dollars during his life. This my engagement on behalf of the United States. I hope will meet with your approbation. Little Billy is a steady, prudent and judicious man; and as such of great influence in his nation. Without rewarding merit, Charity would plead strongly in his favor; as he has had the misfortune to lose his sight to such a degree as to be disabled from getting his livelihood by hunting. T. Pickering True Copy Honl Henry Knox Esqr.Little Billy
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Date: 1757-12-08
Text: Daws I have seen ye Trustees & have got there consent to out down ye Timber that was valued at Gringley. I shall bring down with me their approbation signed by them, to shew ye Purchaser, on ye recet of this I would have you go to Gringley & sell to ye person that I described to have ye refusal, but not under 500 I would have you ask 500 Guineas & that ye Timber shall be cleared in two years, if he agrees to this I would have his get ye articles ready as soon as possible, that I...
Show moreDaws I have seen ye Trustees & have got there consent to out down ye Timber that was valued at Gringley. I shall bring down with me their approbation signed by them, to shew ye Purchaser, on ye recet of this I would have you go to Gringley & sell to ye person that I described to have ye refusal, but not under 500 I would have you ask 500 Guineas & that ye Timber shall be cleared in two years, if he agrees to this I would have his get ye articles ready as soon as possible, that I may sign them as soon as I come down, I also expect ye money to' be paid at signing of y articles, if he objects to any part of this, I would have you look out for another purchaser if he talks of interest for ye two years tell him I take (?) ye 25 for that purpose ---— Byron London Dec r ye 8. 1757 P. S. You may shew Him this letter if it is requisite that He may see it is my orders you take no help - -
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Creator: Calhoun, John C.
Date: 1823-03-14
Text: Contemporary copy of a talk made by John C. Calhoun, Secretary of War under President Monroe, to three chiefs of the Seneca Nation who went to Washington in 1823 on a mission relating to Indian affairs.Brothers, I heard with an attentive ear the talks which you have made to me and have since carefully reflected upon the several points upon which you complain, and now makes you the following answer. That with respect to a Blacksmith, the Treaty of the 11th of November 1794 with the six nations...
Show moreContemporary copy of a talk made by John C. Calhoun, Secretary of War under President Monroe, to three chiefs of the Seneca Nation who went to Washington in 1823 on a mission relating to Indian affairs.Brothers, I heard with an attentive ear the talks which you have made to me and have since carefully reflected upon the several points upon which you complain, and now makes you the following answer. That with respect to a Blacksmith, the Treaty of the 11th of November 1794 with the six nations made ample provision, by an annuity of $4,500, for this object among others; and if no Blacksmith has been employed for the benefit of your nation, the Agent will be instructed to see that you are furnished with you due proportion of Blacksmith's work, to be paid for out of your annuity above mentioned. That as regards the annuity usually paid to you in goods, which you state to be less in quantity latterly than formally, it is presumed the difference may have arisen from the goods having been purchased and forwarded by the Superintendent of Indian Trade, whose office was kept at this place, as the law then prescribed; but as the Indian Trading Department was abolished by Congress about a year ago the money will now always be remitted to your Agent, to be laid out in such goods as you may wish him to purchase, at New York or any other place where they can be had of a suitable quality and on the best terms. Your request, to have the copies of the treaties with the six nations, with which you were formerly furnished, renewed, is granted. But as the Department is very busy, and it will take some time to prepare the copies, they cannot be given to you now, but will be forwarded to you by mail as soon as there is sufficient leisure to attend to them. You state that Captain Parrish, your Agent, is going contrary to orders, and wish him and Capt. Jones the Interpreter to be put aside. Captain Parrish has been for many years acting as your Agent, and some of the Chiefs of the six nations have recently expressed themselves well satisfied with his conduct and also with that of the Interpreter, and wish them continued. But as the government has no desire to protect the Agent when he acts wrong, the printed copy of the proceedings of the Great Indian Council held at Tonewanta in August last, which was transmitted to this Department and contained charges against Capt Parrish similar to those which you have now made, was enclosed to Genl. Peter B. Porter, a gentleman of great respectability, and who is well known to your nation, in order that he might investigate the charges, which he did; and it appears by the report which he has made to this Department that the charges were not well founded. The Government considers itself bound to sustain its officers while their conduct is correct; but if any charges are brought against the Agent or the Interpreter, and supported by proper evidence, they will be immediately displaced. But to remove all ground of complaint in future on the subject of the annuity the Agent will be directed to call on you for a list of such goods as you may want your annuity paid in, to purchase them in New York, or any other convenient place, on the best terms they can be had, and to distribute them among you in the presence of some respectable person in whom you have confidence. As to the ministers who are among you, whom you state have caused a division in your Councils, they are not personally known to the Government, but they are usually some of or best men, whose object is of a very different character - it is to give you good advice, which if attended to, instead of dividing and making you enemies to each other, will unite you in the bonds of friendship and peace. You say that there are two pathes - one for the white man, and another for the Red man - This was the case and did well enough many years ago, when the Red people were numerous and roamed at large over this great Island and lived upon game, with which it then abounded; but now, that their numbers have become small, confined to narrow limits, and game scarce; if not voluntarily done, necessity will, eventually, compel the Red man to leave his path and travel in that of the white man - to abandon his accustomed habits and pursuits for those of civilized life. As to your objections to remove to Green Bay, it is entirely at your optino to go or stay; the Government will never take any steps to compel you to do either; you are at perfect liberty to follow your inclination in this respect. But it is believed that your interest would be promoted by a removal to that country - The distance which it would place between you and the white settlements would prevent the collisions which now frequently happen between you; the various tribes composing the six nations, which are now scattered over several distinct and distant reservations, could then be united in one body on one tract of Country owned in common by all, where game is plenty, and where your settlements would be, for many years to come, unmolested by the too near approach of those of the white people. What I now say is not intended to urge you to move; it is only offered to your consideration in the way of advice, and you are free to adopt or reject it, according to your inclinations. You complain of the white settlers cutting your timber without your consent and stealing your horses and Cows. This furnished evince of the truth of what I have just said to you. Surrounded as you are now by the white people, bad men will, in spite of the law and all of our efforts to prevent it, sometimes trespass upon you. The Department is, however, disposed to extend to you the justice which the law allows; and if you will exhibit a specific statement of the depredations which have been committed upon your property, with the necessary evidence to support it, it will be considered by the Department and such reparation ordered as may appear to be proper. I take this opportunity to mention that the proprietors of the right to purchase your lands are as much interested as yourselves to prevent the timber from being cut down and destroyed, and for the better securing it against depredations they are desirous to have the lands surveyed. As this measure will not effect your rights in the smallest degree and will be advantageous to the proprietors, it is presumed you will have no objection to permitting them to proceed with it. You have now finished your business, and I hope satisfactorily. I have allowed you $150, out of the Indian Fund to pay your expenses home; if you think that is not sufficient and wish an advance from your annuity, I will direct it to be made, to a reasonable amount. Given under my hand and at the seal of the War Office of the United States, at the City of Washington this 14th day of March, in the year of our Lord 1823. J. C. Calhoun.Copy of a Talk made by the Secretary of War to - Red Jacket Major Berry & Cornplanter, Chiefs of the Seneca Nation residing in N. York March 14, 1823
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Creator: Granger, Erastus
Date: 1816-12-11
Text: Buffalo Deer* 11th* 1816* Dear Sir, I have reed •..your two letters since you returned home* - Red Jacket says you Must Not Make any communication of What took place at the Westward until he sees you - that a talk took place after you left them, which Must be added to what Hosmer took down* - 1 have received of Potter the amount of your Debt of Hawkins I have bought to Barrels of White fish at $80• pr* Barrell -have opened one for My own use, they are good* • You can have the other, but the...
Show moreBuffalo Deer* 11th* 1816* Dear Sir, I have reed •..your two letters since you returned home* - Red Jacket says you Must Not Make any communication of What took place at the Westward until he sees you - that a talk took place after you left them, which Must be added to what Hosmer took down* - 1 have received of Potter the amount of your Debt of Hawkins I have bought to Barrels of White fish at $80• pr* Barrell -have opened one for My own use, they are good* • You can have the other, but the rice is great* but few came down* - please write Me whether I shall send them to you* ~ I expect to he in Canandaigua about the 25th of this Month, and Shall Meet the Chiefs previous to Hy going - will endeavor to get a receipt for the Money paid for the prisoners taken Yours ko {Signed} 3 Granger J Parrish Bsqr*
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Creator: Pickering, Timothy
Date: 1792-04-29
Text: Philadelphia April 29, 1792 Sir, I received your letter of the 28th of March, I was pleased with your improvement in writing. I have recommended you to the Secretary of War, and he will give you an appointment as a standing interpreter to the Five Nations. As soon as you receive this letter, come to Philadelphia and go to the war office for your appointment instructions. If I am not here, call on your friend Mr. Parrish to introduce you. Your friend, T. Pickering Mr. Jasper Parrish

Date: n.d.
Text: Plan of the House

Date: 1814-02-14

Creator: [Pratt, Robert]
Date: 1793-08-05
Text: Permission is hereby given to Mr. Jasper Parrish, (an Interpreter to the Commissions of the United States) to pass from hence to the Mouth of the Detroit River, or to whatever place the Commissioners may be, at the time of his arrival there - Given under my hand at Fort Erie this 5.day of August 1793 Robert Pratt Captn. 5t Regt. Commanding To All Concerned

Date: 1796-04-02
Text: The People of the State of New-York, By the Grace of GOD, Free and Independent: To Jasper Parish Gentleman Greeting. We, reposing especial trust and confidence, as well in your patriotism, conduct and loyalty, as in your valor and readiness to do us good and faithful service, HAVE appointed and constituted, and by these presents, DO appoint and constitute you the said Jasper Parish Cornet of Captain Thomas Morris's Troop of Horse in the Brigade of Militia Comprehending the Counties of...
Show moreThe People of the State of New-York, By the Grace of GOD, Free and Independent: To Jasper Parish Gentleman Greeting. We, reposing especial trust and confidence, as well in your patriotism, conduct and loyalty, as in your valor and readiness to do us good and faithful service, HAVE appointed and constituted, and by these presents, DO appoint and constitute you the said Jasper Parish Cornet of Captain Thomas Morris's Troop of Horse in the Brigade of Militia Comprehending the Counties of Ontario, Onondaga, and Steuben whereof Daniel (?) Taylor Esquire is Brigadier General You Are therefore, to take the said Troop into your charge and care, as Cornet thereof, and duly to exercise the Officers and Soldiers of that Troop in Arms, who are hereby commanded to obey you as their Cornet and you are also to observe and follow such orders and directions, as you shall from time to time receive from our General and Commander and Chief of the Militia of our said State, or any other your superior Officer, according to the Rules and Discipline of War, in pursuance of the trust reposed in you; and for so doing, this shall be your commission, for and during our good pleasure, to be signified by our Council of Appointment. In Testimony whereof, we have caused our seal for military commissions to be hereunto affixed. Witness, our trusty and well-beloved John Jay Esquire, Governor of our State of New-York, General and Commander in Chief of all the Militia, and Admiral of the Navy of the fame, by and with the advice and consent of our said Council of Appointment, at Our City of New York the Second day of April in the Year offer Lord, one thousand seven hundred and Ninety-Six and in the Twentieth Year of our Independence. Passed the Secretary's Office, the 7th day of April 1796 Lewis A. Scott, Secretary.Cornet Parish
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Creator: Geddes, J. A.
Date: 1814-10-24
Text: on the Gall instead of 2 5 dents as proposed by Mr. Dallas. V/here iu Cents taken from the Gall P, according to their estimate takes *2,400,000 from the tax proposed to be raised, arid Mr* Eppes proposes to take Up the Boots Saddles &c to make up the deficit. There • seems to be considerable difference in opinion amongs the Feds here, whether we shall vote for these taxes or against them. This is a difference about formalities only, for the taxes will be raised whether we vote for th.ru...
Show moreon the Gall instead of 2 5 dents as proposed by Mr. Dallas. V/here iu Cents taken from the Gall P, according to their estimate takes *2,400,000 from the tax proposed to be raised, arid Mr* Eppes proposes to take Up the Boots Saddles &c to make up the deficit. There • seems to be considerable difference in opinion amongs the Feds here, whether we shall vote for these taxes or against them. This is a difference about formalities only, for the taxes will be raised whether we vote for th.ru or not; and tha only thing to guide us is the consideration how our conduct v ill be understood by the people who exercise the Supreme power in our land. If wshall convey the idea to the p ople that we have eonfiflenc $ in Madison &co by voting for the taxes, m do what we do not mean to do. / 43 Letter from J. A. Ged&es to Capt. Jasper Parrish. Washington Oct.* 24th 1814 Dear Sir, I have been for some time here anxuous to hear about Mr. Howell * Should have sent a letter to him only that I thot it would most likely pass by him on the fioad* - Be pi eased, Sir, to send me a line and let me know how & where he is• The news from this place, is sent you in the Papers duly * Altho it was often talked of, we never took up the business of Ways & Means (for which we -were called) until very lately* Last Friday was the first time we entered upon said business in Comi* of the Whole Tis very uncertain how these taxes Will yet be shaped and new modelled* ihe addit tax on whiskey has been put at 15 Cents for we never^so low an opinion of Madison and all his Cabinet, as we now have. Col$ Timothy Pickering who lives where I do, is of the opinion that kissing is not an Indian custom; that if the Indians kis. there women or children it is in imitation of the manners of White people. This I am inclined to doubt, believing that it is instinctive and practised by all nations from the most civilised to the most savage, and in all ages. The most trifling thim in the history of the.creature man, interests us all•' You will confer a favor on us by setting us right, in this matter. Please to write soon, arid much oblige Tour very Hum^1 serv r J. A. Geddes Capt. Jasper Parrish
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Date: 1828-01
Text: No. 4 Tsier-hen Sa-ia-gos-gats ten - Ga-ien-ta-ron-wen - Picking Wood Te-ho-ta-ra-sen- - Twenty Chimneys Tsie-te-wen-ron- - We will say again Sa-ti-io-gwi-res- - Even Whips Ta-ia-got-ha-re - They are talking Ga-hon-wa-se - New Canoe Tha-nen-ris-hon Te-gano-ta-sen - Twenty Rushes Reg-sis - Pelo Tio-gws-no-ron - Valuable Company Te-hok-sea-sion - He has opened it Te-ga-hon-wen-oe-re - Canoes are falling Tsis-go-go - Robin Erot - Jew car-hi-is - Good Woods Sa-go-wen-no-ria-hon - Interferer of...
Show moreNo. 4 Tsier-hen Sa-ia-gos-gats ten - Ga-ien-ta-ron-wen - Picking Wood Te-ho-ta-ra-sen- - Twenty Chimneys Tsie-te-wen-ron- - We will say again Sa-ti-io-gwi-res- - Even Whips Ta-ia-got-ha-re - They are talking Ga-hon-wa-se - New Canoe Tha-nen-ris-hon Te-gano-ta-sen - Twenty Rushes Reg-sis - Pelo Tio-gws-no-ron - Valuable Company Te-hok-sea-sion - He has opened it Te-ga-hon-wen-oe-re - Canoes are falling Tsis-go-go - Robin Erot - Jew car-hi-is - Good Woods Sa-go-wen-no-ria-hon - Interferer of Speech Ca-son-nion - Things are on Ta-ha-hen-te - He is forward Te-ga-hon-wa-sen - Twenty Canoes Ta-gon-nis - Shoe Maker A-ion-wa-es Te-wa-tas-ha-ria-ge - Broken Knife Tio-hon-so-te - Double House Sa-go-ha-we-tha - He takes them along Te-gan-ia-ta-ro-gen - Between the Rivers Ga-ri-wa-ti-ronTho-ron-ion-go - Hit the cloud Sa-go-ie-nas - Kitchum A-la-wak-hon Ta-re-ha- - Mitchel Cook Ta-ion-hen-se-re - Brake of day Then-non-so-got-tha - goes thrum the House Ga-na-wu-ien-ton - Swampy Tha-ron-ia-wa-gon - Hole in the cloud o-na-sa-gen-ra - White Swan Sga-we-ion-to-wans A-sigwa-ti-se - Drawing a Spear Ga-ya-ra-wa-gon - Bag shook Te-ho-hon-wa-gweh - he took the canoe up A-ri-wa-kin-ha - Disputer Ga-na-so-hon - Feathers in the water Te-ga-na-gon - Scratched D-na-we-ra - Springs A-nents-hon-tie - Arms Flying Sose - Joseph Go-a-wi - Floating along Ga-ra-to-hon- - Quits in the water Ga-ri-wi-io - Good word A-gox - Eagle Sga-ne-gor-hose-sen A-wet-ha-ron-gwas Nia-ta-rio - Good River Te-ga-no-ta-ti-ron Te-io-ha-te-gwen - different Road A-sen-na-se - New Striker Te-wa-gi-wa-sen - Along the clouds
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Creator: Porter, Peter B.
Date: 1814-07-31
Text: Fort Erie July 31, 1814. Dear Sir, I have this morning received yours of the 27th. It is the wish of Maj. Genl. Brown that the eastern Indians should return to the army as soon as possible & that you should send a message to them to this effect without loss of time. At a meeting with the Chiefs 2 days ago they requested that I would send a message to the eastern Indians to return to Buffaloe immediately - They at the same time sent runners to Tonewanta, Tuscarora, Caturagua & Allegany...
Show moreFort Erie July 31, 1814. Dear Sir, I have this morning received yours of the 27th. It is the wish of Maj. Genl. Brown that the eastern Indians should return to the army as soon as possible & that you should send a message to them to this effect without loss of time. At a meeting with the Chiefs 2 days ago they requested that I would send a message to the eastern Indians to return to Buffaloe immediately - They at the same time sent runners to Tonewanta, Tuscarora, Caturagua & Allegany & today many of these Indians are coming in. The Indians will be promptly paid for their services- Probably as soon as they return. But I cannot myself undertake to settle the question whether they will receive pay for the time they are visiting their homes against the wishes of the Genl & when their services were much needed. As soon as your health will permit I shall be much gratified to see you here In haste yours truly P. B. Porter Br Genl ?
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Creator: Morris, Thomas
Date: 1809-06-07
Text: Canadagua June 7th, 1809 Sir It having been represented to me by you that the Standard presented to the Ontario Troop of horse formerly commanded by me, was claimed by both the Canadagua & Bloomfield Troops, and that my Opinion on the Subject was wish'd for by the officers of both Troops, I can have no hesitation in saying that I consider the Standard in question as having been presented by Capt Johnston to the Canadagua Troop to whom in my opinion it now belongs. I am with regard...
Show moreCanadagua June 7th, 1809 Sir It having been represented to me by you that the Standard presented to the Ontario Troop of horse formerly commanded by me, was claimed by both the Canadagua & Bloomfield Troops, and that my Opinion on the Subject was wish'd for by the officers of both Troops, I can have no hesitation in saying that I consider the Standard in question as having been presented by Capt Johnston to the Canadagua Troop to whom in my opinion it now belongs. I am with regard Yours Thomas Morris Capt Parrish
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Date: n.d.
Text: Israel Chapinsum of 190,000 & one arises from sail, a

Date: 1823-12-09
Text: Tuscarora Village 9 Dect 1823 Report from the Tuscarora Nation of Indians I have complied with your wish I would inform you the condition of the Tuscarora Nation. Our Nation containes about two hundred & fifty. And they all get their living by farming. there are many of our people who have pretty good farms. Some of the families sell forty bushels of corn above their own use likewise wheat and from fifty to one hundred & fifty & two hundred bushels of corn & wheat. And also...
Show moreTuscarora Village 9 Dect 1823 Report from the Tuscarora Nation of Indians I have complied with your wish I would inform you the condition of the Tuscarora Nation. Our Nation containes about two hundred & fifty. And they all get their living by farming. there are many of our people who have pretty good farms. Some of the families sell forty bushels of corn above their own use likewise wheat and from fifty to one hundred & fifty & two hundred bushels of corn & wheat. And also some of our farmers sells from five to twenty tons of Hay. Since the late war there has been two frain houses built & likewise three good barns. We do not build farmhouses generally on account of the scarcity of pine timber. The farming utensils which are given to us from Government are faithfully used by our people. We have had a school for a number of years. but on account of the ill management of the school it was given up for a time but we expect to have one soon We have likewise had a minister for about twenty three years. but our Minister has been dismissed from us We soon expect to have one sent to us Our Nation I think entered the covenant with the New York Missionary Society in 1800 & in 1820 transferred to the W. F. M. Society We have a church consisting of about twenty members - We feel very thankful to the Government of U. States for their patronage and the many favors which we so frequently receive from the Government - We really hope that the Government will not be discouraged with our backwardness in complying with their admonitions and good will to us - but we hope that they will bear with our infirmities & still continue to encourage us - We hope in time that we will share with our white brethren in all their blessings both civil and religious which they enjoy We have done what you wished by sending this Your friends David Corkick A Tuscarora Chief.Coppy of David Corkick Letter Decr 9, 1823 Sent to the War Department
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Creator: Townsend, Peter, Townsend, W.H.
Date: n.d.

Creator: Hill, Hester
Date: 1817-06-07
Text: Mohawk Village Grd. River 3 - June 7 1817 Sir This woman called your Mother, the widow Hester Hill - She is very anxious to hear from you, and she hope's that you are well, and always have in her mind concerning you that she calls you a son - and all ways remembers you - therefore she hopes that you will write to her so it would be satisfaction to her if only could hear from you - and she is well & harty herself and living herself upon the same spot of the Place where she always did...
Show moreMohawk Village Grd. River 3 - June 7 1817 Sir This woman called your Mother, the widow Hester Hill - She is very anxious to hear from you, and she hope's that you are well, and always have in her mind concerning you that she calls you a son - and all ways remembers you - therefore she hopes that you will write to her so it would be satisfaction to her if only could hear from you - and she is well & harty herself and living herself upon the same spot of the Place where she always did live and her two sons they are living by themselves - only her youngest daughter lives with the mother --- And she begs you, if you would be satisfaction to her if only could hear from you - that maybe she could never have opportunity to see you again, but believe her that she has a feeling for you in her mind - And well wishes you and she hopes that you are in a good state of health - and do well---- She sends her respects to your family & her compliments to your friends or relations This is all the old woman has got to say The Hester Hill Gennondeshon for Capt Jas Parish
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Date: n.d.
Text: G. C. DÁlmaine & Son, No. 77 Bon Street, Covent Garden; Embroiderers to the King. Furnish the Army with all sorts of Colours, Standards, and other Flags. Make all kinds of Heraldic and other Ornaments in Embroidery, Metal, Silver and Gold. Alfo Epaulettes &c. &c. 44Metropolitan Bank to the Bearer ONE DOLLAR demand. Washington, D. C. 18 ONE ONE Cashr. Wellstood Hanks, Hay & Whiting, Ne York. Pres. CIRCULATION SECURED BY STOCKSRECEIVABLE IN PAYMENT OF ALL DUES EXCEPT EXPORT DUES...
Show moreG. C. DÁlmaine & Son, No. 77 Bon Street, Covent Garden; Embroiderers to the King. Furnish the Army with all sorts of Colours, Standards, and other Flags. Make all kinds of Heraldic and other Ornaments in Embroidery, Metal, Silver and Gold. Alfo Epaulettes &c. &c. 44Metropolitan Bank to the Bearer ONE DOLLAR demand. Washington, D. C. 18 ONE ONE Cashr. Wellstood Hanks, Hay & Whiting, Ne York. Pres. CIRCULATION SECURED BY STOCKSRECEIVABLE IN PAYMENT OF ALL DUES EXCEPT EXPORT DUES RICHMOND, VA. Six Months after of a Treaty of the Confederate United September 2, 1861 The Ratification peace between the States and the States 12 A THE CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA No.______ No.______ Will pay FIVE DOLLARS to bearer ________for Register_________for Treasr J. T. paterson & Co. Columbia S. C. (Second Series) FUNDABLE IN CONFEDERATE STATES STOCK BEARING EIGHT PER CENT INTERESTNEW YORK FIVE POUNDS. No. 27173 By a LAW of the Colony of New-York, this Bill shall be received in all Payments in the Tressury, for Five pounds. New-York, February 16, 1771. Saml. Versulanck, V.L Tho. Bache SIGILL CIVITAT NOV EBORAC 'Tis Death to counterfeit. 100s.TWENTY No. 3487 Twenty SHILLINGS, According to the Resolves of the Assembly of Pennsylvania, of the 18th Day of November, in the Sixteenth Year of the Reign of his Majesty G. E. O. the Third. Dated at Philadelphia, the 8th Day of December, 1775. A Twenty Shill. TWENTY XX SHILLTwenty Shillings. Printed by HALL and SELLERS. 1775.Fifteen Shillings. To counterfeit is Death. Woodbridge: Printed by James Parker.FIFTEEN Shillings. (No ) THIS Bill by LAW shall pass current in NEW-JERSEY, for Two Ounces Three Penny-weight, and Eighteen Grains of PLATE. April 23, 1761. Fifteen Shillings:Thirty SHILLINGS. Printed by HALL and SELLERS. 1775.THIRTY SHILLIGNS No. 12071 THIRTY Shillings, According to the Resolves of the ASSEMBLY of Pensilvania, of the 18th Day of November, in the 16th Year of the Reign of His Majesty GEORGE the Third. dated at PHILADELPHIA, the 8th Day of December, 1775. A THIRTY SHILL. Andrew Tybout. ? Geo. Douglass THIRTY SHILLINGSTo Counterfeit is Death. One Shilling & Sixpence. Printed by HALL and SELLERS.Eighteen Pence EIGHTEEN PENCE. NO. 1865 According to an Act of General Assembly of Pennsilvania, passed in the 13th Year of the Reign of his Majesty GEORGE the Third. Dated the 1st Day of October, 1773. Eighteen Pence.SIX Shillings. To Counterfeit is Death, Westbridge, Printed by J. Parker.SIX Shillings. No 1???4 THIS BILL, by LAW, shall pass currency in NEW-JERSEY, ???? Penny-weight, and Twelve Grains ???? April 16, 1760. SIX SHILLINGS.
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Creator: Morris, Thomas
Date: 1796-08-22
Text: Canadaguai August, 1790 Sir You will cause the Troop to be notified by the non commissioned officers to meet at Canadaguai on the 8th day of September next at 10 OClock. I enclose to you a list of those who are still considered as belonging to the Troop and who I believe are equipped. If any out of them should to your knowledge have withdrawn or are not equipped It will be needless to have them notified, and you will return their names to me that their places may be filled up by those who...
Show moreCanadaguai August, 1790 Sir You will cause the Troop to be notified by the non commissioned officers to meet at Canadaguai on the 8th day of September next at 10 OClock. I enclose to you a list of those who are still considered as belonging to the Troop and who I believe are equipped. If any out of them should to your knowledge have withdrawn or are not equipped It will be needless to have them notified, and you will return their names to me that their places may be filled up by those who will be more ready to do duty, I also send you your commission you will take some opportunity of qualifying before Judge Hosmer Judge Hull or Judge Williamson before the meeting of the Troop. I am yours Thomas MorrisCapt Morris Letter 1796
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Creator: McKenney, Thomas L.
Date: 1827-12-20
Text: Department of War Off: Ind: Affairs 20th Decr 1827 To Capt. Jasper Parrish, U. S. Sub-Agent, &c. Sir, Complains have been preferred, by the British Minister, to the Department of State, and by that conduct of the St. Regis Indians, which is represented to have been disorderly to an extent which demands the interference of the Government. The outrages complained of, are said to have been committed in June last. The Secretary of War directs that you ascertain the nature and extent of the...
Show moreDepartment of War Off: Ind: Affairs 20th Decr 1827 To Capt. Jasper Parrish, U. S. Sub-Agent, &c. Sir, Complains have been preferred, by the British Minister, to the Department of State, and by that conduct of the St. Regis Indians, which is represented to have been disorderly to an extent which demands the interference of the Government. The outrages complained of, are said to have been committed in June last. The Secretary of War directs that you ascertain the nature and extent of the disturbance; and report the same to him. It may be proper, to enlighten the Indians, in regard to the line which divides the United States, from his Britanick Majesty's possessions in Canada; and require it of all the Indians, who may claim to be under the protection of the American Government, to enroll themselves. To such you will say, in the name of the President of the United States, that if they remain on the American side of the permanent guide, and live peaceably and conform to our Counsels, they will be protected; but if they shall cross the line, and commit violence, they will be left to be punished, by the forces of Canada. Inform them distinctly, on the subject of their new relations, which the dividing line imposes; and assure them, that no protection will be afforded, by the American Government, if they cross it, and commit violence of any kind, either upon those Indians living on the British side, or the subjects of the King residing there. I am, very respectfully, yr obt Servt. Tho. L. McKenneyDepartment of War Off: Ind: Affairs 20th Decr 1827 To Capt. Jasper Parrish, U. S. Sub-Agent, &c. Sir, Complains have been preferred, by the British Minister, to the Department of State, and by that conduct of the St. Regis Indians, which is represented to have been disorderly to an extent which demands the interference of the Government. The outrages complained of, are said to have been committed in June last. The Secretary of War directs that you ascertain the nature and extent of the disturbance; and report the same to him. It may be proper, to enlighten the Indians, in regard to the line which divides the United States, from his Britanick Majesty's possessions in Canada; and require it of all the Indians, who may claim to be under the protection of the American Government, to enroll themselves. To such you will say, in the name of the President of the United States, that if they remain on the American side of the permanent guide, and live peaceably and conform to our Counsels, they will be protected; but if they shall cross the line, and commit violence, they will be left to be punished, by the forces of Canada. Inform them distinctly, on the subject of their new relations, which the dividing line imposes; and assure them, that no protection will be afforded, by the American Government, if they cross it, and commit violence of any kind, either upon those Indians living on the British side, or the subjects of the King residing there. I am, very respectfully, yr obt Servt. Tho. L. McKenney
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Creator: Young, James
Date: 1821-10-11
Text: Trulca ...11 Oct. 1821 To Capt. Parrish Agent of the Six Nations: Sir, I am requested by the Chiefs in council to inform you that they … do their endeavor (as soon as it is in their power,) to make William Pintuck up to the lots of his mile but- they do not expect that they can do it, as soon as next Spring but will as soon it is in their power-- They wish you to know … the matter and make this necessary arrangements to meet the circumstances of the caro. They hope for an answer if necessary...
Show moreTrulca ...11 Oct. 1821 To Capt. Parrish Agent of the Six Nations: Sir, I am requested by the Chiefs in council to inform you that they … do their endeavor (as soon as it is in their power,) to make William Pintuck up to the lots of his mile but- they do not expect that they can do it, as soon as next Spring but will as soon it is in their power-- They wish you to know … the matter and make this necessary arrangements to meet the circumstances of the caro. They hope for an answer if necessary from you. I am Sir Yours, James Young Mrs. Young has had an attack of fever but is recovering from it and gaining her strength fast. Her respects with my own to Mrs. P- yourself and family.12 1/2 Capt. Jasper Parrish Canandaigua Ontario Co.
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Date: 1837
Text: Estate of Mrs. J. Parrish To A. G. Bristol Dr 1837 Jany 12th to plaster 2/.. April 21st, 23d to 3 visits & med 20… $2.75 April 2d to visit at night 12/.. 1.50 April 3d to 6th 10 vts & medicine .. 7.50 April 7th to attendance all day 40/.. 5.00 $16.75 Canandaigua June 13th 1837 Recd Payt of E. Parrish A.G. Bristol A.G. Bristol 14 June 1837

Creator: Paine, Edward
Date: 1806-03-30
Text: Dear Sir Mr. Danforth has just arrived with accts from you. The message which he brought expecting many demands an immediate answer, which I hardly know hot to give. The inconvenience of doing without his assistance the enforcing season I could readily submit to provided I could be satisfied that it would be for his interest. He has now a tolerable common education, and for a person at his time of life and situated as he is, to continue at school a long time, and at a great expense when his...
Show moreDear Sir Mr. Danforth has just arrived with accts from you. The message which he brought expecting many demands an immediate answer, which I hardly know hot to give. The inconvenience of doing without his assistance the enforcing season I could readily submit to provided I could be satisfied that it would be for his interest. He has now a tolerable common education, and for a person at his time of life and situated as he is, to continue at school a long time, and at a great expense when his attentions elsewhere would answer a valuable purpose; and all this without any particular object in view, but leaving the advantages which may be denied from a well directed education to chance and return to rest and forget it on a farm would be money badly laid out and time misspent. I am extremely sorry that you could not have written lengthily and very particularly on the above subject, with your opinion thereon and Harry's views and intentions. It is true that is extremely difficult for any but those experienced in the sciences to pint out the advantages and disadvantages attaining them, which is out of my power to do, and which is nevertheless a necessary foundation on which to form a conclusion. From the above you may easily draw the proper inference, and will be enabled to judge whether it will be a real object for him to stay or not, if he is to stay it ought to be understood as laying a foundation for this purpose thro life, ini which cue he ought to send home his horse, to be as economical as possible, which puts me inmind of another circumstance which is the difficulty I should find in furnishing the supplies. I think in making the above statement I have adhered strictly to candor and reason, wish, you to take a deliberate and general view of the matter, and without weighing any local wish or circumstance decide upon it as may be for the best. Yet before I close my remarks I must again urge, "that there ought to be an object, great, than the common advantage of schooling to induce him at this time to continue longer at school. Accept my kindest wishes and affectionate love to Roxe, Lydia, Mary, the children, and the Doctor and Nancy if you see them. Yours affectionately Edward Paine Grand River March 30th 1806 Mr. Jasper Parrish- Edward & Mary} Paine cannot suffer this to pass without inserting their affectionate regard to all the persons above mentioned, and promise to write something before long, at present the messenger can wait for nothing more. Friends generally well. AdieuYour first message by Capt. Skinner did not arrive until after I had written to you on the above subject. E.P.Gen. Paine Letter March 30 1806 Mr. Jasper Parrish Erie Aft-1806 Canandaigua
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Creator: Parish, Jasper, 1767-1836
Date: 1828-01-03
Text: Canandaigua Jany 3, 1828 Instruction for Edward P. Parrish You will proceed to St, Regis, to the Indian Villiage - there you will call the Indian Chiefs & Warriors together in Council; deliver to them my letter, and state to them that you naive a message from the President of the United States, through the far Department.- After the communication is explained to them, you will call on them to explain to you, the outrage' complained of, and said to have en committed in June last. take...
Show moreCanandaigua Jany 3, 1828 Instruction for Edward P. Parrish You will proceed to St, Regis, to the Indian Villiage - there you will call the Indian Chiefs & Warriors together in Council; deliver to them my letter, and state to them that you naive a message from the President of the United States, through the far Department.- After the communication is explained to them, you will call on them to explain to you, the outrage' complained of, and said to have en committed in June last. take it all down in writing. - you must take a list of all the names of the Chiefs, Warriors and headmen, residing with the State of New York - See that they understand where the division line is, - You must hold your Council within our boundary line - let the Indians living on the British side attend the Council, - the communlcatlon from the War Dept you will bring hack with you, - let no one take a Copy of it. - Jasper Parrish Indian AgentInstructions for E. P. Parrish Jany. 3, 1824
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Date: n.d.

Creator: Parrish, John
Date: 1793-08-01
Text: at Benj Willsons 8 mo. 31 1793 Much Esteemed friend Jasper Parrish We weighted till this morning and hearing by the tavern keeper that thou remained in a poor way and it looked probable it would take longer time for thee to be in a state of helth to encounter the feteague of riding through the wilderness and hearing General Chapin was expected to be heare in about 10 days which I hope by that tine thy helth may be so recovered as to return with him which will be a good opertunity we have...
Show moreat Benj Willsons 8 mo. 31 1793 Much Esteemed friend Jasper Parrish We weighted till this morning and hearing by the tavern keeper that thou remained in a poor way and it looked probable it would take longer time for thee to be in a state of helth to encounter the feteague of riding through the wilderness and hearing General Chapin was expected to be heare in about 10 days which I hope by that tine thy helth may be so recovered as to return with him which will be a good opertunity we have therefore concluded to move forward gently with our friend John Elliott who is poorley in hopes if it be consistent with the Lords good pleasure to get home against our yearly meeting —I conclude thy real friend wishing thy confidence and trust may be placed in the Lord the Great Phi scan of Value who doth all things well and wisely who suffers not a sparrow to fall to the ground without his permission and that the resent dispensation may be sanktifyed to thee so that Let thy days be few or maney they .ay be spent in the fear of thy Creator so that thy Latter end may be crowned with peace. John Parrish P. S. except of my companions Love & Best wishes and let me hear from the as soon as convenientFor Jasper ParrishQuakers letter at Niagara
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Creator: Fairbanks, Dorothy May
Date: 1940

Date: 1831-01-29
Text: $100 Received of Herman Le Roy one of the Trustees of Certain Seneca Chiefs, by the hands of Jasper Parrish, late Sub Agent of the United States to the Six Nations of Indians. One hundred dollars in full for an Annuity (by an agreement made with Robert Morris at Big tree in September 1797) up to September - 1830. Dated at Buffalo January 29 18831. - Col. Pollard Signed Duplicates in presence of Geo. Burt E. P. ParrishCapt. Pollard's Rect. $100. Jany. 1831

Date: 1821-05-28
Text: $170 We the undersigned two warriors of the Seneca Nation of Indians do acknowledge to have received from the United States through Peter Hagner Esqrs Office by the hands of Jasper Parrish Sub-Agent one hundred and seventy six Dollars in full for our services as volunteers in the service of the United States under Capt. Pollard from the 1st day of June 1814 to the 1st day of May 1815 - Buffalo May 28th 1821 Signed Duplicates In presence of Jno Lay Jr E. P. Parrish Twenty Canoes Hanging Tree N...
Show more$170 We the undersigned two warriors of the Seneca Nation of Indians do acknowledge to have received from the United States through Peter Hagner Esqrs Office by the hands of Jasper Parrish Sub-Agent one hundred and seventy six Dollars in full for our services as volunteers in the service of the United States under Capt. Pollard from the 1st day of June 1814 to the 1st day of May 1815 - Buffalo May 28th 1821 Signed Duplicates In presence of Jno Lay Jr E. P. Parrish Twenty Canoes Hanging Tree N. B. the word "Son"after "Twenty Canoes" omitted by mistakeTwenty Canoes Son & Hanging Tree Recd. $170 28 May 1821 No. 3. Duplicate
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Date: 1797
Text: To All to whom these presents shall come - Greeting - Know Ye that we the Sachems, Chiefs, & Warriors of the Seneca Nation of Indians, in consideration of one dollar received to our full satisfaction of Horatio Jones, end in the further consideration of services rendered, and monies expended by the said Jones for us, and for our use and benefit, do hereby acknowledge full satisfaction for all damages sustained by us or any of us for the non performance of the condition of a certain bond...
Show moreTo All to whom these presents shall come - Greeting - Know Ye that we the Sachems, Chiefs, & Warriors of the Seneca Nation of Indians, in consideration of one dollar received to our full satisfaction of Horatio Jones, end in the further consideration of services rendered, and monies expended by the said Jones for us, and for our use and benefit, do hereby acknowledge full satisfaction for all damages sustained by us or any of us for the non performance of the condition of a certain bond given by Oliver Phelps and Horatio Jones to Israel Chapin, Superintendant of Indian affairs for the six nations of Indians & his successor in office, in the penal sum of four thousand dollars and dated the thirtieth da of June in the year one thousand eight hundred and two, the condition of the said bond being for the conveyance of twelve hundred & eighty acres of improvable land adjoining either the Tonnawanta, Buffalo Creek, Allegany or Cannedea Reservation to us the said Sachems, Chiefs & Warriors - and the said Jones is hereby fully discharged & exonerated from all obligation & liability arising from or in any manner growing out of the said bond either to us or to the said Israel Chapin or his successor in office, superintendent as aforesaid - and the said bond is hereby fully canceled, discharged and ennobled to all inerets & purposes - and we do hereby discharge & obligate ourselves to discontinue a certain suit commenced in the Supreme Court of Indicature of the State of New York for our benefit against the said Jones in the name of the said Israel Chapin and acquit the said Jones from the same & from all costs, & charges arising therefrom - And we do further acknowledge that we have received from the said Jones full satisfaction for all debts, demands, claim, actions & causes of action either b bond, covenant, note, amount or otherwise which we or either of us have against the said Jones either in law or equity - Signed in presents of Jasper Parrish W. K. Dana Jellis Clute Henry Obael Corn Planter Yong King Black Snake Capt. Pollard Blue Eyes Little Beard Seneka White Tanis Halftown Broad Head Twenty Cannons Charles Cornplanter Snow Tall Peter Docstater Jacob Blacksnake Barefoot John Snow Major Berry Red Jacket
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