Main (Thompson) Library location: Class of '51 Reading Room. Wygand Koeln (c. 14-- - c.15--) was active in Geneva as early as 1520, when he printed his first known work, Missale Parvum for Gabriel Pomard, a printer and publisher in Geneva. During Koeln's career, Geneva was becoming a place of refuge for a number of French writers, printers, and publishers persecuted for their religious identities, especially Calvinists. Because Pomard operated as a Catholic in the midst of this growing Protestant population, Koeln printed mostly Catholic ecclesiastical texts in working with him. Their publications evidently caused controversy, and in 1536, Pomard was banished from Geneva for his Catholicism. In addition to his several editions of Missales, Constitutiones, and papal bulls, Koeln also produced a small number of classical literature texts and grammar books. It appears that by 1548, Koeln was succeeded by a relative, Gabriel Koeln. Koeln used his monogram as his printer's mark. The uppercase initials K.W. are adjoined by the vertical stroke of the K and form a Greek cross. Small diamonds appear on both sides of the mark.